5. Long, Long Ago Abacus - 3000 BC beads on rods to count and calculate still widely used in Asia! Used for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division
13. Pascal’s Adding Machine Developed by Blaise Pascal Originally called a "numerical wheel calculator" Developed on 1642 Having 8 movable Dials Wheels numbered from 0 to 9 Adds sums upto 8 digit long Draw Back: Limitation of Addition
16. Leibnitz Machine He is a German Mathematician and Philosopher It’s a improved version of Pascaline It will do Addition Subtraction, Multiplication and Division Used SHIFT mechanism
22. Babbage’s second computer analytical engine, 1834 Analytical engine general-purpose used binary system punched cards as input branch on result of previous instruction AdaLovelace (first programmer) machined parts not accurate enough never quite completed
26. MARK I (1937 – 1944) Invented By Howard H. Aiken
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28. MARK I (1937 – 1944) In 1944, the Mark I was "switched" on. Aiken's colossal machine spanned 51 feet in length and 8 feet in height. 500 meters of wiring were required to connect each component. Referred as Electronic Relay Computer
33. ABC (Atanasoff Berry Computer) First Fully Electronic Computer Used Electronic Vacuum Tubes It is a special purpose computer Developed at the time of second world war
42. ENIAC An early computer Developed at UPenn Size: 30’ x 50’ room 18,000 vacuum tubes 1500 relays 70, 000 Resistors 5 Million Soldered joints Consumed 160 kilowatts 1000 times faster than Mark I weighed 30 tons Designers John Mauchly J. Presper Eckert
52. EdVAC Had memory to hold both a Stored Program & Data Key Element – Control Processing Unit All Functions ------ Coordinated through Single source
58. Grace Hopper Programmed UNIVAC Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”
59. First Generation – Sum Up Used Vacuum tubes and Magnetic drum for storage Instructions only for Specific task Each computer had different binary coded program (Machine language)
72. The First Microprocessor – 1971 Intel 4004 Microprocessor The 4004 had 2,250 transistors four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) 108Khz Called “Microchip”
73. 4th Generation – 1971-present MICROCHIPS! Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology
74. What is a Microchip? Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC) Transistors, resistors, and capacitors 4004 had 2,250 transistors Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)
75. Birth of Personal Computers - 1975 256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes) 2 MHz Intel 8080 chips Just a box with flashing lights cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.
78. IBM PC - 1981 IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture First wide-selling personal computer used in business 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors 4.77 Mhz processing speed 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard One or two floppy disk drives
79. Apple Computers Founded 1977 Apple II released 1977 widely used in schools Macintosh (left) released in 1984, Motorola 68000 Microchip processor first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)
81. 1990s: Pentiums and Power Macs Early 1990s began penetration of computers into every niche: every desk, most homes, etc. Faster, less expensive computers paved way for this Windows 95 was first decent GUI for “PCs” Macs became more PC compatible - easy file transfers Prices have plummeted $2000 for entry level to $500 $6000 for top of line to $1500
82. 21st Century Computing Great increases in speed, storage, and memory Increased networking, speed in Internet Widespread use of CD-RW PDAs Cell Phone/PDA WIRELESS!!!