2.  Kaizen is a system in which every employee is
encouraged to come up with small
improvement suggestions in their area of work
on a regular basis
 This is a continuous exercise

3. INTRODUCTION:
 Masaaki Imai is known
as the developer of
Kaizen
 KAI means 'change' or
'the action to correct'.
 ZEN means 'good'
“LEAN GURU” AND THE
FATHER OF CONTINUOUS
IMPROVEMENT (CI)

4. 1. Quality
2. Effort
3. Involvement of all employees
4. Willingness to change
5. Communication

5. 1. Seiko- Tidiness/Proper arrangement
2. Seiton- Orderliness
3. Seiso- Cleanliness
4. Seiketsu- Personal cleanliness
5. Shitsuke- Discipline

6.  Identification of materials, equipment and
tools, data and information which are
necessary or not necessary
 Discarding or giving another destination to
unnecessary items and providing the necessary
space for the necessary items which you
require to perform the necessary task

7.  It is not only essential to tidy the place but also
arrange them in the orderly fashion.
 Every equipment or data or anything should be
placed in its appropriate and unique place.
 It reduces confusion and avoids wastage of
time.

8.  Apart from a place being tidy and orderly it
should be clean.
 The shop floor should be free of wastage , oil
spills, cotton wastes, etc.
 The tools , machines and the entire
organization should be free from dirt.
 Organization should also identify and
eliminate any source of dirt, dust or trash.

9.  Maintaining good sanitary conditions and
maintaining good personal hygiene.
 A person should be clean and his cloths should
be clean.
 Seiketsu also talks about keeping good sanitary
conditions in common places in an
organization such as bathrooms, toilets,
kitchen, etc.

10.  Self discipline is the best disciplining strategy were
one doesn’t need an external authority to
discipline oneself.
 Job discipline is the habit and skill development to
perform the job according to standards, to observe
company rules and policies at all times, fulfill
required, written and other informal specification
and requirement in the organization.
 This habit of discipline is developed as a result of
excursing mental, moral and physical strength.

11.  Acceptance quality level is an inspection standard
describing the maximum number of defects that could
be considered acceptable during the random
sampling of an inspection.
 The defects found during inspection are sometimes
classified into three levels: critical, major and minor.
 Critical defects are those that render the product
unsafe or hazardous for the end user.
 Major defects can result in the product's failure,
reducing its marketability, usability or saleability.
 Minor defects do not affect the product's marketability
or usability, but represent workmanship defects that
make the product fall short of defined quality
standards.

12.  This is a method of cost reduction and
productivity improvement.
 The employees are working in the
organization at different levels.
 While on the job they get number of ideas
in their mind to do some improvements.
 Every improvement yields some gains
 To garner these gains suggestion scheme is
implemented.

13. 1. Scheme Coordinator
2. Suggestion Scheme Committee
3. The Suggestion Evaluator
4. The Suggestor

14. 1. Appoint suggestion committee and suggestion
coordinator .
2. The suggestion committee should create suitable rules
to suit the company culture. These rules can be later
amended.
3. The form is prepared and got printed
4. Total sincerity and transparency should be displayed
5. Take the membership of
(INSSAN INDIAN NATIONAL
SUGGESTION SCHEMES ASSOCIATION)

15.  Give a subject for each month Motivate
employees to think about that subject.
 Provide basic data for utilities
that company is using.
 Give token gift for each given suggestion.
 Annual awards for different purposes can
be announced

16.  Respond to all written suggestions
immediately in writing.
 High light the suggestions publicly.
 Award to be given immediately for best
suggestions.
 Establish categories for regular awards.
 Awarding presentation should be big function.

17.  Kaizen are generally a group activity
 Suggestion Scheme is an individual activity
 Kaizen focuses on pain areas
 Suggestion scheme aims at cost reduction
 Kaizen is small continuous improvement
 Suggestion Scheme can give big benefits
 Kaizen motivates employees and suggestion
scheme focuses on award for cost reduction

18. A stem and leaf diagram provides a visual
summary of your data.
This diagram provides a partial sorting of the
data and allows you to detect the distributional
pattern of the data.

19.  Split the data into two pieces, stem and leaf.
 Arrange the stems from low to high.
 Attach each leaf to the appropriate stem.

20. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median time taken
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4
stem
5 leaf
6
7

21. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7
5
6
7

22. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7
5
6 1
7

23. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7
5 3
6 1
7

24. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3
5 3
6 1
7

25. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6
5 3
6 1
7

26. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6
5 3
6 1
7

27. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6
5 3
6 1 8
7

28. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8
5 3
6 1 8
7

29. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8
5 3
6 1 8
7 2

30. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8
5 3 7
6 1 8
7 2

31. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9
5 3 7 4
6 1 8 3
7 2

32. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2
5 3 7 4
6 1 8 3
7 2

33. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2
5 3 7 4 8
6 1 8 3
7 2

34. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2
5 3 7 4 8
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

35. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5
5 3 7 4 8
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

36. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median, quartiles and inter-quartile range
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4
5 3 7 4 8
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

37. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3
5 3 7 4 8
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

38. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3
5 3 7 4 8 1
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

39. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5
5 3 7 4 8 1
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

40. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5
5 3 7 4 8 1
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

41. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6
5 3 7 4 8 1
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

42. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4
5 3 7 4 8 1
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

43. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

44. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

45. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2

46. Question:- 29 students were set a simple task. Their completion times
to the nearest second were:
47 61 53 43 46 46 68 48 72 57 48 54 41 63 49
42 58 65 45 44 43 51 45 38 46 44 52 43 47
(a) set these data into a stem and leaf diagram
(b) find the median
Answer (a):- (1) key: 4|7 means 47
(2) put values into preliminary diagram:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
(3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:

47. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3
4
5
6
7

48. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4
5
6
7

49. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1
5
6
7

50. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2
5
6
7

51. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3
5
6
7

52. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3
5
6
7

53. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3
5
6
7

54. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4
5
6
7

55. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4
5
6
7

56. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5
5
6
7

57. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5
5
6
7

58. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6
5
6
7

59. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6
5
6
7

60. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6
5
6
7

61. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7
5
6
7

62. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7
5
6
7

63. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8
5
6
7

64. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8
5
6
7

65. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5
6
7

66. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1
6
7

67. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2
6
7

68. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3
6
7

69. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4
6
7

70. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7
6
7

71. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6
7

72. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6
7

73. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1
7

74. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1 3
7

75. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1 3 5
7

76. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1 3 5 8
7

77. Answer (a):- (3) re draw diagram with leafs in numerical order:
Completion times
3 8
4 7 3 6 6 8 8 1 9 2 5 4 3 5 6 4 3 7
5 3 7 4 8 1 2
6 1 8 3 5
7 2
Completion times
4|7 means 47
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1 3 5 8
7 2

78. Answer (b):-
Completion times 4|7 means 47
3 8 15th
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1 3 5 8
7 2
The median is the middle value: There are 29 values
29 1 i.e. 15th value
2 Median = 47

79. Answer (b):-
Range = Highest - Lowest
Completion times 4|7 means 47
Lowest
3 8
4 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9
5 1 2 3 4 7 8
6 1 3 5 8
Highest
7 2
Range = 72 – 38 = 34

80. Thank you