sentences and types of sentences. types on the basis on structure, types on the basis of function.

1. Sentence and types
of sentence.
BY,
IMRAN KAKAR
EMAIL. IMRANKAKAR205@GAMIL.COM

2. Sentence:
1. LARGEST INDEPENDENT UNIT OF GRAMMAR
2. BEGINS WITH A CAPITAL LETTER AND ENDS WITH A PERIOD, QUESTION
MARK, OR EXCLAMATION POINT
3. GROUP OF WORDS THAT EXPRESSES A COMPLETE IDEA AND THAT
INCLUDES A SUBJECT AND A VERB.

3. Types of Sentence
 On the basis of Structures
1. THE FOUR BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURES ARE THE:
2. SIMPLE: A SENTENCE WITH ONLY ONE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE.
3. COMPOUND: TWO (OR MORE) SIMPLE SENTENCES JOINED BY A CONJUNCTION OR AN
APPROPRIATE MARK OF PUNCTUATION.
4. COMPLEX: A SENTENCE THAT CONTAINS AN INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (OR MAIN CLAUSE) AND AT LEAST
ONE DEPENDENT CLAUSE
5. COMPOUND-COMPLEX: A SENTENCE WITH TWO OR MORE INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND AT LEAST
ONE DEPENDENT CLAUSE.

4. Types of Sentences
 On the basis of Functional
1. DECLARATIVE: "CLOTHES MAKE THE MAN. NAKED PEOPLE HAVE LITTLE OR NO INFLUENCE ON
SOCIETY." (MARK TWAIN)
2. INTERROGATIVE: "BUT WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LITERATURE AND JOURNALISM?
JOURNALISM IS UNREADABLE AND LITERATURE IS NOT READ." (OSCAR WILDE)
3. IMPERATIVE: "BE CAREFUL ABOUT READING HEALTH BOOKS. YOU MAY DIE OF A MISPRINT." (MARK
TWAIN)
4. EXCLAMATORY: "TO DIE FOR AN IDEA; IT IS UNQUESTIONABLY NOBLE. BUT HOW MUCH NOBLER IT
WOULD BE IF MEN DIED FOR IDEAS THAT WERE TRUE!"

5. A simple sentence
 A simple sentence must have a single clause (a single verb) which is independent, and it
cannot take another clause.
 Example:
 I always wanted to become a writer. (One clause – one verb)
 Compound sentence
 A compound sentence must have more than one independent clause with no dependent
clauses. Some specific conjunctions, punctuation, or both are used to join together these
clauses.
 Example:
 I always wanted to become a writer, and she wanted to become a doctor. (Two independent
clauses – two verbs)

6. Complex sentence
 Complex sentence
 A complex sentence also has more than one clause but of one them must be an
independent clause and the other/others must be (a) dependent clause(es). There are also
some particular connectors for the clauses of a complex sentence to be connected.
 Example:
 I know that you always wanted to be a writer. (Here, a dependent clause is followed by a
connector and an independent clause. The other way around is also possible.)

7. Compound-complex sentence
 A compound-complex sentence (or complex–compound sentence) is a mixture of the
features of compound and complex sentences in one sentence. So, it must contain at least
two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
Example:
I know that you always wanted to become a writer, but I always wanted to become a
doctor. (Here, one dependent clause is followed by a complex connector and two
independent clauses with a compound conjunction between them.)

8. Functionally, sentences are of mainly four types:
1. Declarative sentence
2. Imperative sentence
3. Interrogative sentence, and
4. Exclamatory sentence

9. Declarative sentence:
 Declarative sentence:
 An assertive sentence (declarative sentence) simply expresses an opinion/feeling, or makes a
statement, or describes things. In other words, it declares something. This type of sentence
ends with a period (i.e., a full-stop).
 Examples:
 I want to be a good cricketer. (a statement)
 I am very happy today. (a feeling)

10. Imperative sentence
 Imperative sentence:
 We use an imperative sentence to make a request or to give a command. Imperative
sentences usually end with a period (i.e., a full stop), but under certain circumstances, it
can end with a note of exclamation (i.e., exclamation mark).
 Examples:
 Please sit down.
 I need you to sit down now!

11. Interrogative sentence:
 Interrogative sentence:
 An interrogative sentence asks a question. Interrogative sentences must end with a
note of interrogation (i.e., question mark)
 Examples:
 When are you going to submit your assignment?
 Do you know him?

12. . Alternative Interrogatives:
 2. Alternative Interrogatives: These questions usually offer two or more alternative responses,
and give the other person some options. These also start with auxiliary verbs. Here are some
examples:
 Shall I call her or send an e-mail?
 Do you want tea, coffee or juice?
 Will you tell him or shall I?
 Do you prefer long hair or short?

13. Wh- Interrogatives:
 3. Wh- Interrogatives: These questions generally start with words beginning with wh-
such as WHAT, WHO, WHEN, WHERE. HOW can also be used even though it doesn’t
begin with wh-
 (These are also known as ‘open questions’). The answer would generally be
explanatory and open-ended. Here are some examples:
 What happened?
 How did you do that?
 Where did you go?
 What are you doing?

14. Tag Questions:
 4. Tag Questions: These questions usually have a declarative statement in the
question. Generally, the question is tagged onto the end of such a statement.
They consist of a main or auxiliary verb followed by a pronoun or existential
‘there’. Here are some examples:
 Gina plays the piano, doesn’t she?
 You’re lying to me, aren’t you?
 There’s something wrong with her, isn’t there?

15. Exclamatory sentence.
 Exclamatory sentence.
 An exclamatory sentence expresses overflow of emotions. These
emotions can be of happiness, wonder, sorrow, anger, etc.
 Examples:
 What a day it was! (2) I cannot believe he would do that!

16. Thank you