This presentation is on the topic 'Poverty at Global level'. This contains maps, data graphs/charts and quality graphics.

1. Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material
possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and
political elements. Absolute poverty or destitution refers to the lack of means necessary to
meet basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter. Absolute poverty is meant to be about
the same independent of location. Relative poverty occurs when people do not enjoy a certain
minimum level of living standards as compared to the rest of society and so would vary from
country to country, sometimes within the same country.
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Poverty at global level

2. World Bank data shows that the percentage of the population living in
households with consumption or income per person below the poverty line has
decreased in each region of the world since 1990.
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Poverty at global level

3. The World Bank's "Voices of the Poor," based on research with over 20,000 poor people in
23 countries, identifies a range of factors which poor people identify as part of poverty.
These include:
Abuse by those in power
Disempowering institutions
Discrimination
Excluded locations
Gender relationships
Lack of security
Limited capabilities
Physical limitations
Precarious livelihoods
Problems in social
relationships
Weak community
}main causes
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causes of poverty

4. A common method to measure poverty is based on the income or consumption levels. A person is
considered poor if his/her consumption level falls below a given “minimum level” required to full fill
basic needs .
Each country uses a an imaginary line that is considered appropriate for its existing level of
development and its accepted minimum social norms.
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poverty Line

5. oLow level of development under British colonial rule.
oHigh growth rate of the population.
oThe effect of green revolution was limited to some parts of India.
o Unable to find jobs many people started working as rickshaw pullers , vendors ,
construction workers , domestic servants , etc with low and irregular and low income.
o Huge economic inequalities.
causes of poverty in India
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6. Determining the poverty line
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While determining the poverty line in India , a minimum level of food requirement,
clothing, footwear, fuel, and light, educational and medical requirement etc. are
determined for subsistence. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices
in rupees . The present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty
line is based on the desired calorie requirement. Food items such as cereals, pulses,
vegetable, milk, oil, sugar, etc. are determined for subsistence.

7. Population below poverty line
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There has been substantial decline in poverty ratios in India but the decline is marked with
great differences among different states and social groups.

8. Global Poverty v/s Indian Poverty
Global Poverty Poverty in India
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9. Poverty in India most vulnerable groups
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Scheduled
Tribes
Scheduled
castes
Average
Indian
poverty
The proportion of people below poverty line is not same for all social groups.

10. Inter-State Disparities
Poverty in India has another aspect or dimension. The proportion of poor people is
not the same in every state.
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Bihar Odisha Harayana Kerela All India
Poverty(%)
Poverty(%)

11. Poverty alleviation involves the strategic use of tools such as education, economic
development, health and income redistribution to improve the livelihoods of the worlds
poorest by governments and internationally approved organizations. They also aim at
removing social and legal barriers to income growth among the poor.
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poverty reduction
Poverty
Family in
poverty
Child
grows up
in poverty
Struggles
to get a
job
Fail to
escape the
poverty
cycle

12. Economic Development in India
•Over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties , there were
little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty.
•Official poverty estimates which were about 45 per cent I the early
eighties.
•Since the eighties, India’s economic growth has been one of the fastest in
the world. The growth rate jumped from the average of about 3.5 per cent
a year in the 1970s to about 6 per cent during the 1980s and 1990s.
•The higher growth rates have helped significantly in the reduction of
poverty.
•Therefore it is becoming clear that there is a strong link between
economic growth and poverty reduction.
•Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources
needed to invest in human development.
•This also encourages people to send their children to schools in hope of
getting economic returns from investing In education.
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13. Social Exclusion
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•According to this concept poverty must be seen in the terms of poor
people having to live in poor surroundings with other poor people.
•Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as consequence of
poverty.
•It is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded from
facilities and benefits and opportunities that others enjoy.
•A typical example is the working of the caste system in india in
which people belonging to certain castes are excluded from equal
opportunities.

14. Poverty Alleviation programmes
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,
2005
• Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana(PMRY), 1993
• Rural Employment Generation Programme(REGP), 1995
• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar yojana (SGSY), 1999
• Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana (PMRY), 2000
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15. The Challenges Ahead
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Poverty has certainly declined in India . But despite the progress,
poverty reduction remains India’s most compelling challenge.
Wide disparities in poverty are visible between rural and urban
areas and among different states Certain social economic group
are more vulnerable to poverty. Poverty reduction is expected to
make better progress in the next ten to fifteen years.