Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants. They play a vital role in regulating ecosystems because they provide an important buffer system for other plants. which live alongside and benefit from the water and nutrients that bryophytes collect

1. BRYOPHYTES
DR. KIRTI JAIN
P R O F E S S O R A N D H E A D
D E PA R T M E N T O F B O TA N Y,
G O V T. D R . S H YA M A P R A S A D M U K H A R J E E
S C I E N C E
A N D C O M M E R C E C O L L E G E
B H O PA L ( M . P. )

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Classes Of Bryophytes
• Characteristics Of Bryophytes
• Type of bryophytes
• Characteristics Of Bryophytes
• vegetative and sexual reproduction in
bryophytes
• Life cycle of bryophytes
• Alternation of generation in bryophytes
• Female reproductive structure in bryophytes
• sperm produced in bryophytes

3. INTRODUCTION
• Bryophytes is derived from a Greek word BRYON means Mosses
and PHYCA Means plant.
• Types of Plants:
• Non-vascular Plants.
Bryophytes
• Vascular Plants
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

4. BRYOPHYTES
• Bryophytes are small, non-vascular plants, such as mosses,
liverworts and hornworts. They play a vital role in regulating
ecosystems because they provide an important buffer system
for other plants, which live alongside and benefit from the water
and nutrients that bryophytes collect

5. CLASSES OF BRYOPHYTES
The three main groups
Liverworts
Hornworts
Mosses.

6. CHARACTERISTICS OF
BRYOPHYTES
• Occur in damp and shaded areas
• The plant body is thallus like, i.e. prostrate or erect
• It is attached to the substratum by rhizoids, which are unicellular
or multicellular.
• They lack true vegetative structure and have a root-like, stem-
like and leaf-like structure.

7. LIFE CYCLE OF BRYOPHYTE
• The life cycle of bryophytes consists of an alternation of two
stages, called the sporophyte and the gametophyte. Each
generation has a different physical form.
• Their life cycles are dominated by a multicellular gametophyte
stage. Their sporophytes are unbranched. They do not have a
true vascular tissue containing lignin (although some have
specialized tissues for the transport of water

8. VEGETATIVE AND SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN BRYOPHYTES
• Many bryophytes reproduce vegetatively by means of tubers.
The tubers are formed on the margins of the thalli of Riccia
discolor, R. billardieri, Anthoceros Hali
• Bryophyte reproduction happens in two ways
Asexual reproduction occurs when a sporophyte releases
spores
Sexual reproduction happens when gametes fuse and form a
zygote.

9. ALTERNATION OF GENERATION
IN BRYOPHYTES
• Alternation of generations is a life-cycle
involving two phases of life, which
alternate with each other. In Bryophytes, the
first phase is the gametophytic phase, in
which gametes are produced, that contain half
the number of chromosomes.

10. FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
STRUCTURE IN BRYOPHYTES
• The female sex organ is usually a flask-shaped
structure called the archegonium. The
archegonium contains a single egg enclosed in a
swollen lower portion that is more than one cell
thick.

11. SPERM PRODUCED IN
BRYOPHYTES
• The sperm are produced within tiny, typically
stalked, club-shaped structures called
antheridia . The stalk anchors the antheridium to
to the gametophyte. Each antheridium produces
numerous sperm.

12. Thank you