-Definition of mental health
-Definition of mental illness
-When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
-Causes of mental illness
-Consequences of mental illness
-Treatment team
-Medications used in mental illness
-Myths and facts about mental illness (misconceptions)
2. Agenda
Definition of mental health
Definition of mental illness
When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
Causes of mental illness
Consequences of mental illness
Treatment team
Medications used in mental illness
Myths and facts about mental illness (misconceptions)
3. Definition of mental health
State of well being in which every individual realizes his/her potential
to the maintenance of successful mental activity.
It includes:
* Cope with normal life stressors
* Work productively and fruitfully
* Make a contribution to his/her community
4. Definition of mental illness
Wide range of mental health conditions that affect your mood,
thinking and behavior. Examples of mental illness include
depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and
addictive behaviors.
Many people have mental health concerns from time to time. But a
mental health concern becomes a mental illness when ongoing signs
and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect your ability to
function.
A mental illness can make you miserable and can cause problems in
your daily life, such as at school or work or in relationships.
5. When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
Persistent feeling sad or down
Confused thinking or reduced ability to concentrate
Excessive fears or worries, or extreme feelings of guilt
Extreme mood changes of highs and lows
Withdrawal from friends and activities
Significant tiredness, low energy or problems sleeping
Detachment from reality (delusions), paranoia or hallucinations
physical problems, such as stomach pain, back pain, headache, or
other unexplained aches and pains.
6. When do you need to see a psychiatrist?
Inability to cope with daily problems or stress
Alcohol or drug abuse
Major changes in eating habits
Sex drive changes
Excessive anger, hostility or violence
Suicide and homicide thoughts
7. Causes of Mental Illness
Genetic predisposition
Environmental factors
Changes of the brain chemistry (neurotransmitters)
8. Consequences of Mental Illness
Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life
Family conflicts
Relationship difficulties
Social isolation
Problems with tobacco, alcohol and other drugs
Missed work or school, or other problems related to work or school
9. Consequences of Mental Illness
Legal and financial problems
Poverty and homelessness
Self-harm and harm to others, including suicide or homicide
Weakened immune system, so your body has a hard time resisting
infections
Heart disease and other medical conditions
10. Classes of Mental Illness
•Neurodevelopmental disorders. This class includes autism spectrum disorder, attention-
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorders.
•Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.
•Bipolar and related disorders.
•Depressive disorders.
•Anxiety disorders. includes generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and phobias.
•Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. include obsessive-compulsive disorder,
hoarding disorder and hair-pulling disorder (trichotillomania).
11. Classes of Mental Illness
•Dissociative disorders. such as with dissociative identity disorder and dissociative amnesia.
•Somatic symptom and related disorders. somatic symptom disorder (previously known as
hypochondriasis) and factitious disorder.
•Trauma- and stressor-related disorders. include post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and
acute stress disorder.
•Feeding and eating disorders. as anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.
•Sleep-wake disorders.
12. Classes of Mental Illness
•Disruptive, impulse-control and conduct disorders. These disorders include problems with
emotional and behavioral self-control, such as kleptomania or intermittent explosive disorder.
•Substance-related and addictive disorders. These include problems associated with the
excessive use of alcohol, caffeine, tobacco and drugs. This class also includes gambling disorder.
•Neurocognitive disorders. include delirium, as well as neurocognitive disorders due to
conditions or diseases such as traumatic brain injury or Alzheimer's disease.
13. Classes of Mental Illness
•Personality disorders. include borderline, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders.
•Paraphilic disorders.
•Gender identity disorder (dysphoria). This refers to the distress that accompanies a
person's stated desire to be another gender.
14. Treatment Team
INCLUDES:
Family or primary care doctor
Nurse practitioner
Physician assistant
Psychiatrist, a medical doctor who diagnoses and treats mental
illnesses
Psychotherapist, such as a psychologist or a licensed counselor
Pharmacist
Social worker
Family members
15. Medications used
Antidepressants. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, anxiety and sometimes other
conditions. They can help improve symptoms such as sadness, hopelessness, lack of energy,
difficulty concentrating and lack of interest in activities. Antidepressants are not addictive
and do not cause dependency.
Anti-anxiety medications. These drugs are used to treat anxiety disorders, such as
generalized anxiety disorder or panic disorder. They may also help reduce agitation and
insomnia.
16. Medications used
Mood-stabilizing medications. Mood stabilizers are most commonly used to treat bipolar
disorders, which involves alternating episodes of mania and depression. Sometimes mood
stabilizers are used with antidepressants to treat depression.
Antipsychotic medications. Antipsychotic drugs are typically used to treat psychotic
disorders, such as schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications may also be used to treat bipolar
disorders or used with antidepressants to treat depression.
17. Other Modalities of treatment
Psychotherapy: as CBT, Group psychotherapy, couple psychotherapy,.. etc.
Brain stimulation Procedures: as ECT and magnetic stimulation.
19. ONE
Myth
Psychiatric disorders are not true
medical illnesses like heart
disease and diabetes. People who
have a mental illness are just
"crazy."
Fact
Brain disorders, like heart disease
and diabetes, are legitimate
medical illnesses. Research shows
there are genetic and biological
causes for psychiatric disorders,
and they can be treated
effectively.
20. TWO
Myth
I am not vulnerable to mental
illness. Mental illness is the
result of bad parenting or bad
character.
Fact
Everyone is vulnerable to mental
illness. Most experts agree that a
genetic susceptibility, combined
with other risk factors. In other
words, mental illnesses have a
physical cause. So, you don not
know your genes, environmental
conditions as well as brain
chemistry.
21. THREE
Myth
Depression results from a
personality weakness or
character flaw, and people
who are depressed could just
snap out of it if they tried hard
enough.
Fact
Depression has nothing to do
with being lazy or weak. It
results from changes in brain
chemistry or brain function,
and medication and/or
psychotherapy often help
people to recover.
22. FOUR
Myth
Schizophrenia means split
personality, and there is no
way to control it.
Fact
Schizophrenia is often confused
with multiple personality
disorder.Actually, schizophrenia is
a brain disorder that robs people
of their ability to think clearly
and logically. Medication has
helped many of these individuals
to lead fulfilling, productive lives.
23. FIVE
Myth
Depression is a normal part of
the aging process.
Fact
It is not normal for elder adults
to be depressed. Signs of
depression in elder people
include a loss of interest in
activities, sleep disturbances
and lethargy.
24. SIX
Myth
Depression and other illnesses,
such as anxiety disorders, do
not affect children or
adolescents. Any problems
they have are just a part of
growing up.
Fact
Children and adolescents can
develop severe mental illnesses. In
the United States, one in ten children
and adolescents has a mental
disorder severe enough to cause
impairment. Left untreated, these
problems can get worse. Anyone
talking about suicide should be taken
very seriously.
25. SEVEN
Myth
Addiction is a lifestyle choice
and shows a lack of will power.
People with a substance abuse
problem are morally weak or
"bad".
Fact
Addiction is a disease that
generally results from and
results in changes in brain
chemistry.
26. EIGHT
Myth
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),
formerly known as "shock
treatment," is painful and
barbaric.
Fact
ECT has given a new lease on life
to many people who suffer from
severe and debilitating mental
illness. It is used when other
treatments such as psychotherapy
or medication fail or cannot be
used. Patients who receive ECT are
asleep and under anaesthesia, so
they do not feel anything.
27. NINE
Myth
I can't do anything for a
person with mental illness.
Fact
You can do a lot, starting with how you
act and speak. You can create an
environment that builds on people's
strengths and promotes understanding.
For example: Don't label people with
words like "crazy". Don't say "a
schizophrenic person," say "a person
with schizophrenia. it's important to
make a distinction between the person
and the illness.
28. TEN
Myth
People with a severe mental
illness, such as schizophrenia,
are usually dangerous and
violent.
Fact
Statistics show that the incidence
of violence in people who have a
brain disorder is not much higher
than it is in the general
population. Those suffering from a
psychosis such as schizophrenia
are more often frightened,
confused and despairing than
violent.
