1. 1
USUL FIQH 2
PRINCIPLES OF
ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE
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2. THE THIRDSOURCE
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3. MEANING OF IJMA
• DETERMINATION AND RESOLUTION
• AGREEMENT
LITERAL
• THE CONSENSUS OF MUJTAHID (INDEPENDENT JURIST) FROM THE
UMMAH OF MUHAMMAD PBUH AFTER HIS DEATH, IN A DETERMINED
PERIOD UPON A RULE OF ISLAMIC LAW (HUKM SYAR’ I)
TECHNICAL
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4. CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY OF
IJMA
THE UNANIMOUS AGREEMENT OF MUJTAHID (INDEPENDENT
JURIST) FROM THE UMMAH OF MUHAMMAD PBUH AFTER
HIS DEATH, IN A DETERMINED PERIOD UPON A RULE OF
ISLAMIC LAW (HUKM SYAR’ I)
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5. 1) THE AGREEMENT MUST BE UNANIMOUS
2) WHO ARE NOT QUALIFIED WILL NOT CONSTITUTE
IJMA
3) ALL MUJTAHID PARTICIPATING IN IJMA MUST
FROM THE UMMAH OF MUHAMMAD
4) THE AGREEMENT MUST HAVE TAKEN PLACE
AFTER THE DEATH OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD PBUH
5) THE AGREEMENT MUST BE AMONG THE
MUJTAHIDS OF A SINGLE DETERMINED PERIOD
6) THE AGREEMENT MUST BE UPON HUKUM SYAR’ I
7) RELIED UPON A SANAD
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6. THE SANAD OF IJMA
THE MAJORITY AGREE THAT EACH IJMA MUST HAVE A
SANAD ON WHICH THE JURIST SHOULD RELY WHILE
ARRIVING AT THE OPINION.
EVIDENCES FROM AL-QURAN AND AL-SUNNAH ARE TO
BE TREATED AS VALID SANADS FOR IJMA.
EVIDENCES FROM QIYAS.
*Sanad is the evidence (proof) upon which the mujtahids rely on, for arriving upon an agreement.
(sanad = the basis)
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7. TYPES OF IJMA
IJMA QAWLI / SARIH(EXPLICIT/EXPRESSIJMA )
• THE LEGAL OPINIONS OF ALL THE JURISTS OF ONE PERIOD COVERAGE IN RELATION
TO A LEGAL ISSUE AND EACH OF THEM STATES HIS OPINION EXPLICITLY
IJMA SUKUTI (TACIT IJMA)
• SOME MUJTAHID ISSUE A VERDICT ON A LEGAL ISSUED ND THE REST OF THE
MUJTAHID COME TO KNOW OF IT DURING THE SAME PERIOD BUT THEY KEEP
SILENT
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8. THE LEGAL FORCE OF IJMA AS A
SOURCE
THE MAJORITY OF THE JURISTS AGREED UPON THE RULE THAT EXPLICIT
IJMA IS A DEFINITIVE SOURCE AND IT IS OBLIGATORY TO ACT UPON IT, ITS
OPPOSITION IS PROHIBITED.
AL-NAZZAM AL-BASRI, A LEADING MU’ TAZILITE AND SOME OF KHAWARIJ
SAID IJMA IS NOT A BINDING SOURCE
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FIRST: THE BINDING STRENGHTOF EXPLICIT (EXPRESS) IJMA

9. 1) TACIT IJMA IS NOT AN IJMA [MALIKITES AND IMAM
AL-SHAFI’ I]
2) IT IS A LEGALLY BINDING AND DEFINITIVE SOURCE
[HANAFI AND IMAM AHMAD IBN HANBAL]
3) IT IS A PROBABLE SOURCE [AL-KARKHI- HANAFI JURIST
AND SHAFI’ I SCHOLAR]
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THE LEGAL FORCE OF IJMA AS A
SOURCE
SECOND: THE BINDING STRENGHT OF TACIT IJMA

10. IJMA
IJMA SARIH /
IJMA QAWLI
IJMA SUKUTI
MAJORITY – BINDING SOURCE
AL-NAZZAM AL-BASRI
KHAWARIJ NOT BINDING
MAJORITY – BINDING SOURCE
IMAM AL-SHAFI’I & MALIKITES – NOT IJMA
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11. Proof and Justification of Ijma’ as a Source of Islamic Law It is
established by the Qur’an and the Sunnah.
• The Qur’an: “ O ye who believe! Obey Allah and Obey the Messenger
and those charged with authority among you (uli al-amr). If ye differ in
anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His Messenger…” (al-
Nisa’(4):59)
The word ‘uli al-amr means ulama’ (scholars) of the community. Thus
the agreement of the mujtahids is bound to follow.
DETAILS OF ARGUMENT : READ NYAZEE, PG 187-190
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12. ‫شكرا‬
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