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The Cuban Revolution
1953-1959
 
 
       By Ian Sherriff and David
Ran
Overview:
● Overthrow of the Batista Regime by
  revolutionaries
 
● Seizure of US Businesses
 
● Communist-leaning reforms
 
● Latin American country in the "Soviet Camp"
Causes:
●   Legacy and ideas of Spanish-American War
 
●   US Imperialism in Cuba
 
●   Poverty and Disparity of Wealth
 
●   Corruption Under US-backed Batista regime
 
 
 
Political Cartoon 1898:
Spanish-American War
● The Cuban War of Independence
 
● Cuba gains independence from Spain in
  1898
 
● 30,000 Cubans die fighting
 
● Cuba becomes an economic colony of the
  US, no independence
 
The US in Cuba
● Americans own most Cuban businesses
 
● American Mafia involved in illicit activities
  ○ gambling, prostitution, drug trafficking
  ○ 11,500 prostitutes in Havana
  ○ Havana becomes a "degenerate playground"
   
● Cubans starve as their resources are taken
  by US businessmen
Gambling:
US Possessions in Cuba
● In   1950's American investors own approx:
 
  ○ 90% of mines
  ○ 40% of sugar industry
  ○ 50% of railways
  ○ 60% of arable land
  ○ all oil companies
Life in Cuba
● Foreign investors and Cuban elites prosper
 
● Other Cubans in poverty
  ○ 43% illiterate
  ○ Mean annual income is $91.25
 
● shrinking middle class
 
● US army guards American properties
Fulgencio Batista
● Cuban dictator, military man
 
● Initially a popular reformer
 
● Leaves office, returns
through a coup d'etat
  ○ "lazier", more oppressive
 
● Clearly supported by the US government
Fidel Castro
● Born into a
wealthy Cuban family
 
● Lawyer by profession
 
● Becomes radicalized
as a university student
 
● Leader of Cuban revolutionaries
Attack on the Moncada Barracks
● July 26, 1953
 
● Fidel Castro and 160 followers attack the
  Moncada Barracks in Santiago, Cuba
 
● Most are captured, tortured, executed
 
● Fidel Castro also captured
Moncada Barracks:
Aftermath of Moncada
● Castro held on trial:
    ○ Acts as own lawyer
    ○ Gives a stirring defense in the speech
      History Will Absolve Me
    ○ Pardoned by Batista (overconfident)
 
●   Castro's movement gains recognition
 
●   Attack is a military failure, but political
    success
The Granma
● Castro exiled, meets Argentine
  revolutionary Che Guevara in Mexico
 
● Creates the 26th of July Movement
  ○ date of the Moncada attack


● Invades Cuba with 82 men on the yacht the
  Granma
 
Granma (Not Grandma):
Difficulty in Cuba
● Castro's army ambushed and nearly
  destroyed shortly after landing
 
● A dozen men escape to Sierra Maestra
  Mountains
 
● Guerrilla warfare is conducted
 
● Ranks later filled by peasants
 
Falling Action
● Batista is hated by the Cubans
 
● Batista attempts to stifle uprising with
  brutality
 
● Castro gains widespread peasant support
 
● US redacts support to Batista
    ○ Aid to the Cuban military is cut.
 
Operacion Verano
● Batista sends 12,000 troops to Sierra
  Maestra Mountains
  ○ Poorly trained and poorly led
  ○ Aims to defeat the few hundred rebels
● Rebel army more motivated, better led
 
● Operación Verano fails
 
● Rebels pursue retreating army
Batista Flees
● Rebels capture Santiago and Santa Clara
● Batista flees to Portugal & Spain (F. Franco)
    ○ Esconds with vast sums of money
●   Rebels enter Havana on New Year's Day
    1959
Immediate Aftermath
● New government composed of different
  anti-Batista parties
 
● Castro lacks power to independently rule
  Cuba
  ○ Yet holds most power in the government
  ○ Has support of the peasants
● Castro moves towards complete domination
  of government
Castro's Direction
● Castro denies being a communist
 
● Plans to pursue neither capitalism nor
  communism
 
● US and Cuba hostile (US backed Batista)
 
● Cuba looks to the USSR
US Alarm
● Cuba leads to communism and dictatorship
  under Castro
 
● Cuba has formal relations with USSR
 
● Castro nationalizes all US property in Cuba
  ○ US puts trade embargo on Cuba
  ○ USSR buys Cuban sugar
● Many Cubans leave country
Cubans Flee:
Bay of Pigs Invasion
● CIA trains Cuban emigres to invade Cuba
  and spark an uprising against Castro
 
● Most are captured; no uprising occurs
 
● Embarrassment for Kennedy Administration
● Castro grows yet more popular
 
● US-Cuba relations further strained
Bay of Pigs:
Missile Crisis
● Soviets place nuclear missiles in Cuba
 
● Kennedy demands that the Soviets remove
  the missiles
 
● Cuba acts as a pawn for US-Soviet hostility
Political Cartoon:
Life in Cuba
●   Literacy and health care improves
 
●   Gambling and prostitution lessened
 
●   Loss of democracy and rights
 
●   Dependency on the USSR
 
Photo Credits (in order):
http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/72200/72288/72288_pr_flag_col_lg.gif
http://unitedstatesimperialism.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/300px-10kmiles3.jpg?w=477
http://sylverblaque.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/1950s-cuba-casino.jpg?w=300&h=219
http://test.roundearthmedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2001/07/cuba2.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ujXB-ghAdUY/T2yco3FTSmI/AAAAAAAAAK0/YIfWiF0B85s/s1600/book-pile.
jpg
http://www.nndb.com/people/118/000023049/fidel-castro-sm.jpg
http://www.workers.org/2007/world/Moncada_barracks.jpg
http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/historia/imagenes/hf39.jpg
http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/wp-content/uploads/havana_1959_01.jpg
http://cubanology.com/cubareport/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/CubanrefugeesLifeMag.jpg
http://www.photographytips.com.au/images/bay-of-pigs-cuba-usa-war-photos1.jpg
https://brookwoodhistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/cuban_missile_crisis_cartoon.
gif/33950893/cuban_missile_crisis_cartoon.gif
http://www.trinity.edu/jdunn/images/Castro/castro.jpg

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TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 

Cuban revolution

  • 1. The Cuban Revolution 1953-1959     By Ian Sherriff and David Ran
  • 2. Overview: ● Overthrow of the Batista Regime by revolutionaries   ● Seizure of US Businesses   ● Communist-leaning reforms   ● Latin American country in the "Soviet Camp"
  • 3. Causes: ● Legacy and ideas of Spanish-American War   ● US Imperialism in Cuba   ● Poverty and Disparity of Wealth   ● Corruption Under US-backed Batista regime      
  • 5. Spanish-American War ● The Cuban War of Independence   ● Cuba gains independence from Spain in 1898   ● 30,000 Cubans die fighting   ● Cuba becomes an economic colony of the US, no independence  
  • 6. The US in Cuba ● Americans own most Cuban businesses   ● American Mafia involved in illicit activities ○ gambling, prostitution, drug trafficking ○ 11,500 prostitutes in Havana ○ Havana becomes a "degenerate playground"   ● Cubans starve as their resources are taken by US businessmen
  • 8. US Possessions in Cuba ● In 1950's American investors own approx:   ○ 90% of mines ○ 40% of sugar industry ○ 50% of railways ○ 60% of arable land ○ all oil companies
  • 9. Life in Cuba ● Foreign investors and Cuban elites prosper   ● Other Cubans in poverty ○ 43% illiterate ○ Mean annual income is $91.25   ● shrinking middle class   ● US army guards American properties
  • 10. Fulgencio Batista ● Cuban dictator, military man   ● Initially a popular reformer   ● Leaves office, returns through a coup d'etat ○ "lazier", more oppressive   ● Clearly supported by the US government
  • 11. Fidel Castro ● Born into a wealthy Cuban family   ● Lawyer by profession   ● Becomes radicalized as a university student   ● Leader of Cuban revolutionaries
  • 12. Attack on the Moncada Barracks ● July 26, 1953   ● Fidel Castro and 160 followers attack the Moncada Barracks in Santiago, Cuba   ● Most are captured, tortured, executed   ● Fidel Castro also captured
  • 14. Aftermath of Moncada ● Castro held on trial: ○ Acts as own lawyer ○ Gives a stirring defense in the speech History Will Absolve Me ○ Pardoned by Batista (overconfident)   ● Castro's movement gains recognition   ● Attack is a military failure, but political success
  • 15. The Granma ● Castro exiled, meets Argentine revolutionary Che Guevara in Mexico   ● Creates the 26th of July Movement ○ date of the Moncada attack ● Invades Cuba with 82 men on the yacht the Granma  
  • 17. Difficulty in Cuba ● Castro's army ambushed and nearly destroyed shortly after landing   ● A dozen men escape to Sierra Maestra Mountains   ● Guerrilla warfare is conducted   ● Ranks later filled by peasants  
  • 18. Falling Action ● Batista is hated by the Cubans   ● Batista attempts to stifle uprising with brutality   ● Castro gains widespread peasant support   ● US redacts support to Batista ○ Aid to the Cuban military is cut.  
  • 19. Operacion Verano ● Batista sends 12,000 troops to Sierra Maestra Mountains ○ Poorly trained and poorly led ○ Aims to defeat the few hundred rebels ● Rebel army more motivated, better led   ● Operación Verano fails   ● Rebels pursue retreating army
  • 20. Batista Flees ● Rebels capture Santiago and Santa Clara ● Batista flees to Portugal & Spain (F. Franco) ○ Esconds with vast sums of money ● Rebels enter Havana on New Year's Day 1959
  • 21. Immediate Aftermath ● New government composed of different anti-Batista parties   ● Castro lacks power to independently rule Cuba ○ Yet holds most power in the government ○ Has support of the peasants ● Castro moves towards complete domination of government
  • 22. Castro's Direction ● Castro denies being a communist   ● Plans to pursue neither capitalism nor communism   ● US and Cuba hostile (US backed Batista)   ● Cuba looks to the USSR
  • 23. US Alarm ● Cuba leads to communism and dictatorship under Castro   ● Cuba has formal relations with USSR   ● Castro nationalizes all US property in Cuba ○ US puts trade embargo on Cuba ○ USSR buys Cuban sugar ● Many Cubans leave country
  • 25. Bay of Pigs Invasion ● CIA trains Cuban emigres to invade Cuba and spark an uprising against Castro   ● Most are captured; no uprising occurs   ● Embarrassment for Kennedy Administration ● Castro grows yet more popular   ● US-Cuba relations further strained
  • 27. Missile Crisis ● Soviets place nuclear missiles in Cuba   ● Kennedy demands that the Soviets remove the missiles   ● Cuba acts as a pawn for US-Soviet hostility
  • 29. Life in Cuba ● Literacy and health care improves   ● Gambling and prostitution lessened   ● Loss of democracy and rights   ● Dependency on the USSR  
  • 30. Photo Credits (in order): http://etc.usf.edu/clipart/72200/72288/72288_pr_flag_col_lg.gif http://unitedstatesimperialism.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/300px-10kmiles3.jpg?w=477 http://sylverblaque.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/1950s-cuba-casino.jpg?w=300&h=219 http://test.roundearthmedia.org/wp-content/uploads/2001/07/cuba2.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ujXB-ghAdUY/T2yco3FTSmI/AAAAAAAAAK0/YIfWiF0B85s/s1600/book-pile. jpg http://www.nndb.com/people/118/000023049/fidel-castro-sm.jpg http://www.workers.org/2007/world/Moncada_barracks.jpg http://www.cubagob.cu/otras_info/historia/imagenes/hf39.jpg http://affordablehousinginstitute.org/blogs/us/wp-content/uploads/havana_1959_01.jpg http://cubanology.com/cubareport/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/CubanrefugeesLifeMag.jpg http://www.photographytips.com.au/images/bay-of-pigs-cuba-usa-war-photos1.jpg https://brookwoodhistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/cuban_missile_crisis_cartoon. gif/33950893/cuban_missile_crisis_cartoon.gif http://www.trinity.edu/jdunn/images/Castro/castro.jpg