Ubiquitous Computing, Ubiquitous Services

Ubiquitous … Services Ian Miles PREST/MBS University of Manchester [email_address]

Themes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Growth of the Service Economy illustrated by Service Sectors

Though Different Services display Different Patterns of Growth Distributive Services Personal Services Producer Services Social Services 1960 1973 1984 1997 1960 1973 1984 1997 Growth has been relatively slow Growth has been relatively fast

What are services? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],G Hotels, Restaurants H Transport, Storage I Finance J Real estate, Renting, Business Activities K Trade & Repair L Public Administration, Defence, Social Security M Education N Health, Social Work O Other Community, Social, Personal

Services in the evolving Information Society ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Evolution of Computing: Mark Weiser’s Overview source: http://www.ubiq.com/hypertext/weiser/UbiHome.html Sales/Year MAINFRAME: one computer serves many people PC: one ----- computer per person UBIQUITY: --- many --------- computers per person Envelope curve (systems of all types )

Information Society v1.0 - v4.0 http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/ViewContentServlet?Filename=Published/EmeraldFullTextArticle/Pdf/2720070203.pdf Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/?

Information Society v1.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Information Technology (Mainframes) Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/?

Information Society v2.0 Information Technology (PCs) Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Information Society v3.0 Information Technology (Notebooks, Web) Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Information Society v4.0 Information Technology (AmI) Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Information Societies are Service Economies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Information Society v1.0 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Information Technology (Mainframes) Service Economy LARGE SCALE SERVICE ORGANISATIONS USING BACK-OFFICE COMPUTING. But more widely: CHEAP GOODS BASED ON ELECTRONICS, ELECTRICAL POWER, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE  Consumer self-service displacing many traditional consumer services – laundry, transport, leisure Drivers – cost (manufacturing achieving high productivity increase), convenience (closer fit to user requirements in time and space), autonomy New support services – mass broadcasting and media, garages, retail and repair… Changing ways of life: where and how people/families live Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/?

Information Society v2.0 Information Technology (PCs) Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Service Economy Some services reverse self-service trends: “industrialising” with fast food etc., creating leisure experience with shopping, new attractions (theme parks, etc.) Much use of self-service with IT systems IN service organisations: supermarkets and especially banks (ATMs) – moving from back-office to store-front IT use. MANY SERVICE ORGANISATIONS USING BASIC STORE-FRONT/ FRONT-OFFICE IT SYSTEMS Early mass networking and e-services mostly meet with poor reception (1) significance of messaging/user content apparent; (2) email lags behind fax; (3) telephone banking surpasses online consumer banking/financial services. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Information Society v3.0 Information Technology (Notebooks, Web) Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Service Economy Services “industrialisation” becomes more sophisticated (modularisation & customisation) Take-off of email and Internet use on wide scale: innovations like P2P services: mass “user” participation. Hype and burst bubble on e-services (especially ecommerce) – but steady growth. Largely unexpected success of mobile voice and then text communications Consumers informing selves, providing content, and forming communities via web: challenge expertise and authority of various kinds – creative industries, health and education, etc. – and intermediaries (e.g. music distribution) Offshoring of routine (and some higher-level) service work

Information Society v4.0 Information Technology (AmI) Service Economy Ubiquitous Distant Local Mobile Ubiquitous 1960s/ 70s 1980s/ mid90s mid1990s/ 2000s 2010s?/? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],New Technological Opportunities Skills, Institutions and Structures Choices: Adoption of Products to provide Services, Introduction of New Practices Cost, convenience, quality Fit with routines, Learning, Autonomy Other technologies Ways of life, business models Location Identification Environment Biotechnology New Business sers User Content, P2P Privacy Security Identity

Pinpoint - workshop At: http://www.pinpoint-faraday.org.uk/downloads/prest_29062004_workshop_report.pdf

U biquitous - Ser vice s ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ubiquitous Computing, Ubiquitous Services

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