IAETSD

1. GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
Nikita K1
& Rohini K2
1, 2 - IV/IV B.E. Civil Engineering, Dr. L B. College Of Engineering for Women, Visakhapatnam.
Introduction:
The earth is a very vulnerable planet, but do
we all take the time to realize that our actions
can affect our planet’s survival? It is upto the
people to stop and take a look at what we can
do to make this world a better and more eco-
friendly place for our future generations to
live long and full lives.
Along with the awareness about
environmental issues such as pollution, human
impact on climate changes and depletion of
natural resources, the interest is also growing
for eco-friendly products and services. For
example, the popularity of green cleaning
products has increased in recent years.
Nontoxic, Biodegradable cleaning products
are safer for use in the home. Compact
Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs), LED (Light
Emitting Diodes) are another popular green
products; compared to traditional incandescent
light bulbs. CFLs and LEDs utilize far less
electricity and also the amount of green house
gas emissions would be cut by billions of
pounds each year.
Fuel consumption is projected to peak in near
future. Oil resources started declining in 2012
followed by natural gas between 2010 and
2020, and coal between 2020 and 2030. 86%
of world’s primary power comes from the
fossil fuels. < 2% of the world’s primary
power comes from the renewable sources.
Fortunately, it’s not too late and we can still
change as many are turning to green energy
sources.
Why Green Technologies?
The advantage of using green energy sources
is that it is eco-friendly and does not have any
harmful impact on the environment. It is also
renewable unlike oil which is expected to dry
up in the near future. Green technologies help
displace the declining amount of fossil fuels.
They are healthier for the environment,
sustainable in long term and also generate
employment.
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ISBN:378-26-138420-02106

2. It is of a paramount importance that the
Government of India has included the
objective of increasing green cover by one
million hectare every year and adding 30,000
MW of renewable energy generation capacity
in the 12th
Five year plan. It also expects an
energy saving of 3.5 million tons of oil
equivalent in seven selective industrial sectors
and 3.1 million tons of oil equivalents in
thermal power stations by 2014-15.
What is Green technology?
The term “Technology” refers to the
application of knowledge for practical
purposes. The field of “Green technology”
encompasses a continuously evolving group of
methods and materials, from techniques for
generating energy to non-toxic cleaning
products. Green technology also known as
clean or environmental technology minimizes
impacts on the environment and natural
resources. It is based on concepts such as
conserving water and energy, reducing waste
and pollution, harnessing renewable energy
sources, finding ways to reuse materials and
developing less polluting technologies.
Green technology is the application of
environmental science to conserve the
ecosystem and resources and to curb the
negative impact of human involvement.
Goals of Green technology:
The goals that satisfy developments in green
technology field include:
Sustainability: Meeting the needs of society in
ways that can continue indefinitely into the
future without damaging or depleting natural
resources
“Cradle to Cradle design”: Ending the “cradle
to grave” cycle of manufactured products, by
creating products that can be fully reclaimed
or reused.
Source reduction: Reducing waste and
pollution by changing patterns of production
and consumption.
Innovation: Developing alternatives to
technologies whether fossil fuels or chemical
intensive agriculture that have been
demonstrated to damage health and the
environment.
Safe Environment Monitor: Applying digital
energy saving technologies for disaster
prevention caused by climate change to
provide residents with early warning message.
Viability: Creating a centre of economic
activity around technologies and products that
benefit the environment speeding their
implementation and creating new careers that
truly protect the planet.
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ISBN:378-26-138420-02107

3. Areas of Green Technology:
There are various areas in which green
technology is widely used. The following are
few of them listed.
 Green chemistry
 Green Nanotechnology
 Green Building
 Green IT
 Green Energy
Green Chemistry:
It is the utilization of a set of principles
that reduces or eliminates the use or
generation of hazardous substances in the
design, manufacture and application of
chemical products.
Green chemistry, also called sustainable
chemistry, is a philosophy of chemical
research and engineering that encourages
the design of products and processes that
minimize the use of generation of
hazardous materials
Green chemistry is about…………..
The following are the major uses of green
chemistry
1. Global change – climatic change
2. Resource depletion – increasingly
variable technology for renewable
resources
3. Food supply – agricultural methods
and wastes
4. Toxics in the environment – design for
reducing hazards
Green Nanotechnology:
Green nanotechnology refers to the use of
nanotechnology to enhance the environmental
sustainability of processes currently producing
negative externalities. It aims at minimizing
potential environmental and human health
risks associated with the manufacture and use
of nanotechnology products, and to encourage
replacement of existing products with new
nano products that are more environment
friendly throughout their lifecycle. The
techniques and applications of
Nanotechnology are seen in fields such as
Health- (The most notable changes will come
from improvements in diagnosing illnesses
more easily and treating them by targeting of
drugs. It will also make existing medical
applications much cheaper and easier to use in
different settings like GP surgeries and
homes). Energy- (When people think of
Reducing
Waste materials
Hazards & risks
Energy costs
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4. “energy” or “alternative energy”, they
typically only think of oil or methods of
replacing oil’s use. But the field of energy,
and nanotechnologies role in it, involves
producing, saving and storing
energy).Information and communication-
(Nanotechnologies are increasingly used in
mobile phones, computers and other high
technology equipment. The nano bit will not
fundamentally change how a computer, or a
mobile phone, or a gaming console or an Mp3
player operates, but it will make them faster,
cheaper and with more memory), Heavy
Industries and consumer goods.
Green Buildings:
There is a great consumption of power due to
increase in number of buildings. Rapid growth
of buildings and construction as a whole is
adversely affecting the environment. This is
the reason for the need of green buildings.
A green building is one which uses less water,
optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides
healthier spaces for occupants as compared to
a conventional building.
Structural builders focused solely on green
practices have been emerging today, as
greener living becomes a critical focus across
the world. From taking small steps to reduce
waste, to more efficiently using earth’s
resources, green builders are tasked with
selecting building materials and creating
structures that serve to reduce the overall
impact on environment. Green builders focus
on more conscious use of natural resources
and green practices from the design,
construction, operation and overall life of the
structures they build. Following are the few
examples of green building materials and
fittings which can be used in present day
constructions.
 Pervious concrete: Pervious concrete
pavement is a unique and effective
means to address important
environmental issues and support
green, sustainable growth. By
capturing storm water and allowing it
to seep into the ground, pervious
concrete is instrumental in recharging
groundwater, reducing storm water
runoff. In fact, the use of pervious
concrete is among the best
management practices recommended
by geotechnical engineers across the
country-for the management of storm
water runoff on a regional and local
basis. This pavement technology
creates more efficient land use by
eliminating the need for retention
ponds, swales, and other storm water
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5. management devices. In doing so,
pervious concrete has the ability to
lower overall project costs on a first-
cost basis.
 Solar Air Conditioning: It refers to
any air conditioning (cooling) system
that uses solar power. This can be done
through passive solar, solar thermal
energy conversion and photovoltaic
conversion. There are many varieties
in these solar air conditioners. Some of
them are photovoltaic solar cooling,
Geothermal cooling, Solar Thermal
Compression technology, solar open
loop air conditioning using desiccants,
passive solar cooling, solar closed-loop
absorption cooling, zero-energy
buildings etc.
 Composite wood products and
Agrifiber products:
Particle boards
Medium density fiberboards
Plywood
Wheat boards
Straw boards
Panel substrates
Door cores
Plywood sections of I-Beams
All the above stated materials have no added
urea formaldehyde resins
This credit incorporates a reduction of indoor
air contaminants through the use of composite
woods and agrifibre products (such as particle
boards, plywood, door cores etc) as well as
laminating adhesives that have no added urea
formaldehyde resins. This does not include
interior furniture or equipment.
The following are the perquisites to be
fulfilled by a building to be called as a green
building:
 Sustainable sites
 Water efficiency
 Energy and Atmosphere
 Materials and Resources
 Indoor Environmental Quality
 Innovation in design
 Regional priority
We can also contribute to reduce the waste
water generation and potable water demands
while increasing the local aquifer recharge by
Innovative Waste Water Techniques.
We can reduce potable water use for building
sewage conveyance by 50% through the use of
water conserving fixtures (e.g. Water closets,
urinals) or non potable water (e.g. Captured
rain water, recycle grey water and on site or
municipally treated waste water). Or we can
also treat 50% of waste water on site to
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6. tertiary standards. Treated water must be
infiltrated or used on site.
The practice of green roofs and vegetated
roofs should be employed while maximizing
the open spaces can contribute in a large scale
to the better environment.
The most recent weather disaster that have
been befallen American homes have been sad
indeed but there is a silver lining in their dark
clouds. Ironically, they have given building
designers and constructors an opportunity to
think not only of following sound green
building practices, but also of incorporating
them into creating buildings that will better
stand up in violent weather - what can be
called strong architecture - and make them
safer and more comfortably livable.
Increasing cost of existing resources has led to
growth in cost of energy. In India, energy
costs have risen by more than three fold in the
last decade.
Green IT:
Increasing energy efficiency to reduce
operational costs, compliances with the
regulatory bodies and reducing the carbon
footprints, increasing the efficiency of
computing resources so as to reduce the
environmental impact of IT utilization are the
reasons one should opt for green IT. The
following are a few ways to implement.
 Unutilized and underutilized resources
to be decommissioned.
 If possible using a single power
efficient server.
 Power management: Automation of
shutdown and power on process.
 Upgradation to power efficient
hardware.
There are also few hindrances like the
business management structure and huge cost
in the implementation of strategy.
On the otherside the advantages it carries are
i. It reduces greatly the operational costs
and
ii. Puts forwards a noble image in front of
the clients and other stake holders.
Green Energy:
Natural resources used in the energy
generation processes and ever-increasing
pollution caused by the non renewable sources
is developing a need for green energy. Some
of the ways to implement green energy are
setting up power plants using renewable
energy sources, increasing government
expenditure on sustainable sources of energy
and to improve infrastructure and manpower
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7. development. Large cost in setting up projects
and improper protesting of technologies act as
barriers for green energy.
Future of Green Technologies:
The global focus is now on renewable energy
as an effective tool in switching over to a
sustainable low-carbon growth path. This
would address the energy security in
developing economies and combat climate
change at the global level. India is making
rapid studies in harnessing renewable energy
technologies for energy generation.
The governments are taking up renewable
energy plans for their nations. They are also
starting eco-friendly procedures to help the
environment out. (People are becoming aware
of the affects they take on this planet and
acting) The private sector is investing in green
technologies for good public relations and also
to save money. The future of green technology
is now.
Conclusion:
Every person should contribute to clean up the
planet. We should learn from our mistakes.
Having learned of natural renewable energies
that we can utilize for a long lasting healthier
lifestyle we all can now pull together to assure
a better world for future generations. Every
person living on this earth has to do his/her bit
because hardwork can be eclipsed but it can
never be extinguished.
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ISBN:378-26-138420-02112