Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): An Innovative Approach to Tackling the Dual Challenge of Floods and Droughts at the River Basin Scale
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Presented by IWMI's Paul Pavelic at the 3rd International COnference on the Status of Future of the World's Large Rivers, April 18 - 21, 2017, New Dheli, India.
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Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): An Innovative Approach to Tackling the Dual Challenge of Floods and Droughts at the River Basin Scale
- 1. Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI): An Innovative Approach to Tackling the Dual Challenge of Floods and Droughts at the River Basin Scale Paul Pavelic1, Bharat R. Sharma1, Alok K. Sikka1 and Vladimir Smakhtin2 1 International Water Management Institute (IWMI), India / Lao PDR 2 United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH), Canada Photos: IWMI
- 2. FLOODS Flooding kills around 5,000 people, affects 52 million and costs US$ 16 billion each year (1980-2013, on average). DROUGHTS Droughts cost US$ 4 billion. Groundwater depletion has affected about half the countries of the world. THE CONTEXT Extremes in water resources variability manifest as floods and droughts cause enormous socioeconomic damage and affect the poor most.
- 3. GLOBAL FLOODING AND GROUNDWATER OVERUSE Source: Wada et al. 2010 Source : GROUNDWATER DEPLETION SEVERE FLOODING Black Circles indicate some of the major regions where UTFI is best suited that are affected by both regular flooding and severe groundwater over-exploitation
- 4. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Source: Amiaz et al, (2011) FLOODS CAN REPLENISH AQUIFERS, BUT, CAN AQUIFERS “TAME” FLOODS ?
- 5. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Current Climate – Dry Season INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT AT BASIN SCALE
- 6. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Current Climate – Wet Season INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT AT BASIN SCALE
- 7. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI) Wet season INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT AT BASIN SCALE
- 8. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Underground Taming of Floods for Irrigation (UTFI) Dry season INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT AT BASIN SCALE
- 9. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Rural Urban Surface Water Opportunities Impacts Upstream Downstream Groundwater MULTIPLE LINKAGES AT THE BASIN SCALE
- 10. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world Water Security: Better and more secure access to groundwater with measurable raising of levels and reversal of depletion Food Security: Increased irrigation intensity and agricultural production for food security/livelihood improvement Flooding: Lives saved and assets protected through reduced flood risk Socioeconomic Development: Strengthened agrarian economy, reduced agricultural subsidies and outmigration UTFI: OBJECTIVE AND BENEFITS To demonstrate that community assets (village ponds, wells etc.) can be converted into recharge structures that are effective in achieving both flood mitigation and groundwater improvement for enhanced climate resilience at local and broader scales
- 11. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world INDICATORS FOR SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION ↓ FLOODWATER PEAK Pre Post 0 400 800 Flowrate(m3/s) Year 2 Year 3Year 1 Pre Post ↑ GROUNDWATER STORAGE Pre-UTFI Post-UTFI ↑ BENEFITS Benefits Pre Post
- 12. Performance testing of basins designed to infiltrate floodwater are positive Falling groundwater level trends are reversed and year-round rice/sugar production maintained The Chao Phraya basin of Thailand is routinely affected by major floods downstream, yet farmers, cities & industry frequently run short of water. KEY ISSUES • Falling GW level trends due to year-round rice/sugar production • Farmers facing rising pumping costs and livelihood loss UTFI CONCEIVED & TESTED IN THAILAND
- 13. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world THE CHAO PHRAYA RIVER BASIN Pre-development Current 1-2m 7-8m Future 1-2m UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM MonthlyRunoff (×106m3) Harvest Floods Do Not Harvest 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008
- 14. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world KEY FINDINGS (DESKTOP STUDY) • Significant volumes of floodwater reaching the sea can be harvested without major impacts on existing users • Harvesting would take place in 25% of years on average • Around 200 km2 of land should be dedicated to harvesting (multiple uses?) • USD 200-900 Mill. to setup and generate USD 250 Mill. /yr of additional revenue for rainfed farmers • Payback time on upfront investments could be a few years • UTFI much cheaper than conventional engineering alternatives
- 15. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world TYPES OF RISKS & ISSUES TECHNICAL SOCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL 1. poor site selection and system design/construction 2. low recharge performance 3. new upstream developments 1. insufficient incentive for land conversion 2. inappropriate implementation models 3. poor participation of local communities / institutions ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL 1. high investments or opportunity costs 2. high maintenance/ operational costs 1. polluted floodwater enters aquifers 2. waterlogging due to aquifer over- filling 3. negative impacts downstream due to interventions
- 16. Testing •Identifying prospective areas •Setting up and running UTFI pilot-scale trials Transitioning •Building credible evidence •Developing strategies that support uptake •Communicating and disseminating tailored information → Mainstreaming UTFI by embedding it in relevant development strategies OUR APPROACH
- 17. Photo:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:TomvanCakenberghe/IWMIPhoto:DavidBrazier/IWMIPhoto:DavidBrazier/IWMI UTFI Pilot Scale Implementation Food Security Reduced Risk Gender Dimension Test & collect evidence Scaling up of UTFIFeed into National and State Policy dialogues A C T O R S Ecosystem Services & Resilience Policy Analysis & Investment options State and National governments Farmers UTFI TOPICS AND LINKAGES Livelihood Enhancement
- 18. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world FOCAL AREAS OF UTFI RESEARCH Catastrophic Floods in Asia: 1900 – 2011
- 19. KEY MESSAGES • Approaches that are pragmatic, cheap, socially acceptable, and environmentally friendly are needed to mitigate/adapt to the impacts of current and future climate variability • UTFI presents a new community-driven technology applicable at the river basin scale in appropriate settings in many regions • Testing of UTI is underway in the Ganges and finding to date look promising • UTFI can be considered by policy makers and developers seeking solutions to problems related to CCA, DRR and SDGs
- 21. www.iwmi.org Water for a food-secure world “ Let not a single drop of water received from rains go waste into the sea without benefiting the man and the beast ” King Parakramabahu (1153-1186 AD) Thank you KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA