Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project. More about our work: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/
5. โข Cholera, influenza, and other outbreaks were responsible for
10s of thousands mortalities in very short period of time.
โข โAll smell is diseaseโ and miasma is the main cause of death
(Edwin Chadwick, commissioner of the Board of Health
created in 1849).
* Caroline Wazer, 2014
Background
7. Characteristics of the conventional system
โข Established when very little was know about water biochemistry, chemistry and physics and
is not the zenith of scientific achievement
โข Uses fresh water to flush excreta!
โข Operated by the public sector
โข Comfortable and invisible (practically resulting in less than 10% of sewage collected
worldwide)
โข Slow implementation and high networks investments (40% global coverage)
8. Need for faster
Service provision particularly in
view of climate change
Very high energy
cost
Water is a limited
resource
Sustainable sanitation (resource recovery)
Motivation for change
13. Old paradigm New paradigm
Slow implementation Rapid implementation
Prescriptive technologies Adaptive solutions
One water quality type fits all Provision of water quality based on use
Low priority on energy efficiency High priority for energy efficiency
โSiloedโ health, economic, engineering Integrated systems appraoch
Financing via taxes, subsidies, tariffs Innovative financing and business models
Less priority on resources conservation High priority on resource conservation
Summary
14. SSP is following WSP
However, water is ingested while reclaimed water is not.
The idea is the quality of produce that is ingested
Water chain
15. Elements of sanitation safety plan
System
assessment
Operational
monitoring
Management plan,
Documentation and
Communication
Sanitation safety plan
18. Describe historical background of the existing
sanitation paradigm
List characteristics of the new sanitation
paradigm
Describe the elements of the sanitation safety
plan
Learning outcomes