The document discusses the stages of mitosis. It begins by distinguishing mitosis from meiosis and listing the functions of mitosis as growth, tissue replacement, and repair. It then defines mitosis as the duplication and separation of chromosomes into two identical sets during somatic cell division. The four stages of mitosis are described as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Cytokinesis is defined as the cytoplasmic division that completes cell division into two daughter cells.

1. Stages of Mitosis
Kimberly J. Luper B.S. M.S.

2. Objectives
 Distinguish the difference between mitosis and
meiosis.
 List the functions of mitosis
 Define the mitotic phase.
 Discuss and explain the four stages of mitosis.
 Define cytokinesis.

3. Mitosis v/s Meiosis
• Mitosis is the duplication of the
chromosomes in the nucleus and their
separation into two identical sets in the
process of somatic (“of the body”) cell
division.
• Meiosis is restricted to one purpose, the
production of eggs and sperm.

4. Functions of Mitosis
 Growth of all tissues and organs after birth.
 Replacement of cells that die.
 Repair of damaged tissues.

5. Mitotic Phase
The mitotic phase of
the cell cycle consists
of:
 Nuclear division
(mitosis)
 Cytoplasmic
division
(cytokinesis) to form
two identical cells.

6. Four Stages of Mitosis

7. Prophase
Prophase is actually divided into two steps:
1. Early prophase
2. Late prophase

8. Early Prophase
Centrioles
(two pairs) “Aster rays”
Nuclear envelope containing
chromosomes.

9. Late Prophases
Chromosome with
two sisters chromatids
Centromere
Centrioles
Spindle fibers /microtubules

10. Metaphase
Metaphase plate
Chromosome
microtubules

11. Anaphase
Daughter chromosomes

12. Telophase
Cleavage furrow
Nuclear membranes

13. Daughter cells

14. Cytokinesis
 Cytoplasmic division: contractile ring from
cleavage furrow around the center of the cell,
dividing cytoplasm into separate and equal
portions.

15. WHY?
Why is the mitotic phase or mitosis phase so
important?

16. WHY?
Cell division or mitosis helps the body to replace
dead cells and repair damaged tissue.
(Paper cuts to major surgery)

17. Check In
PMAT

18. PMAT
1. Pro(before) phase: Chromatin fibers
condense into paired chromatids; nucleus
envelope disappears; each centrosome
moves to an opposite pole of the cell.
2. Meta( after) phase: Centromeres of
chromatid pairs line up at metaphase plate.

19. PMAT
3. Ana(apart) phase: Centromeres split;
identical sets of chromosomes move to
opposite poles of the cell.
4. Telo(end) phase: Nuclear envelopes and
nucleoli reappear; chromosomes resume
chromatin form; mitotic spindles disappear.

20. References
Tortora, G.J. & Derrickson, B. (2012). Principles
of Anatomy and Physiology (13th ed.). Hoboken,
NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Martini, F.H., Nath, J.L. (2012) Fundamentals
of Anatomy & Physiology (9th ed.). San
Francisco, C.A. Pearson Education, Inc.