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BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Unit –I: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering
(Shaft & Keys)
Priyanka A. Narwade
Assistant Professor
Department of Applied sciences & engineering
Hope Foundation’s
International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Introduction to Machine:
Device consisting of various elements to perform the prescribed task to
satisfy the human needs
E.g. Pump Set, IC Engine, Turbine etc.
INPUT
(Source of Energy)
Machine
(Arrangements of
Elements)
Output
(Prescribed Task)
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Classification of Machine Elements:
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Shafts:
A shaft is a rotating member, circular cross-section, solid or hollow,
to transmit power or motion
To transmit the power using shaft different members are used such
as, Gears, Pulleys, Sprockets
Types:
A) Transmission Shaft
B) Machine Shafts
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
A) Transmission Shafts:
Transmit the power from source to the machine absorbing the
power
Mountings: Gears, Pulleys etc.
Subjected to torque, BM and axial force
Types: Line Shaft and Counter Shaft
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Difference between Line shaft &
Counter Shaft:
Sr.
No.
Line Shaft Counter Shaft
1. Directly driven by prime mover
and using this power is supplied
to diff. machines
Secondary shaft driven by
main shaft using belt, chain
or gear
2. Directly connected to PRIME
MOVER
NOT DIRECTLY CONNECTED
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Difference between Line shaft &
Counter Shaft:
Sr.
No.
Line Shaft Counter Shaft
3. Example Example
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Properties of Shaft
PROPERTIES:
1. High Static Strength
2. High Fatigue Strength
3. Ductility
4. High Resilience
5. Good Machinability
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Material:
Ductile material like PLAIN CARBON STEELS AND ALLOY STEELS.
BRITTLE Material like CAST IRON can not be used
Material for Shaft
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Keys:
 Key is a machine element used on the shafts to secure rotating
elements and prevent relative motion between two rotating
member.
Keyway is the recess provided on shaft and hub to accommodate
key.
Key is also used for transmitting the torque from shaft to rotating
element.
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Material for key is Plain Carbon Steel or Alloy Steels.
Its having lower strength than Shaft material to ensure that if at all
there is failure the key should fail instead of shaft.
Keys:
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Types of Keys:
Sr. No. Type Feature Application
1 Sunk Keys Provided half in the keyway of shaft and half in the
keyway of hub Mountings of flanges, pulleys,
gears etca. Rectangular Key Rectangular tapered cross section
b. Square key Square tapered cross section
c. Parallel key Rectangular or square without taper Used in gear boxes where axial
movement is restricted
d. Gib-headed key Rectangular key with head at one end for easy removal
of key
Used in mountings of pulleys,
gears, inaccessible key seats
e. Feather key Special type parallel key attached to either shaft or hub
to prevent the relative rotary motion but, permits
relative axial movement
Clutches and gear shifting
devices
f. Woodruff key It’s a segment from cylindrical disc Machine tools and automobiles
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Types of sunk keys:
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Types of keys:
Sr.
No.
Type Feature Application
2 Saddle Keys Tapered key fits completely only in hub of rotating
element
Light duty applications, used
temporarily fastening in fixing
and eccentric cams
3 Tangent keys Two tapered rectangular keys placed 90⁰ apart Heavy duty industrial
applications
4 Kennedy keys Two tapered square keys placed 90⁰ apart Heavy duty industrial
applications
5 Round keys and
taper pins
Straight pin of circular cross section Low power drives
6 Splines Multiple keys which are made integral with shaft Automobile gear box and
machine tool gear boxes
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
References
HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057
TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
Machine Design Book by J.K. Gupta and R.S. Khurmi
Design of Machine Elements Book by V. B. Bhandari
Basic Mechanical Engineering book by R. B. Patil and Singhal
THANK YOU
For further details please contact
Priyanka Narwade
Department of Applied Science & Engineering
Hope Foundation’s
International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT
P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, MIDC Phase 1, Hinjawadi, Pune – 411 057
www.isquareit.edu.in
Phone : +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3
priyankan@isquareit.edu.in | info@isquareit.edu.in

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Introduction to Machine: Shaft and Keys

  • 1. BASIC MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Unit –I: Introduction to Mechanical Engineering (Shaft & Keys) Priyanka A. Narwade Assistant Professor Department of Applied sciences & engineering Hope Foundation’s International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 2. Introduction to Machine: Device consisting of various elements to perform the prescribed task to satisfy the human needs E.g. Pump Set, IC Engine, Turbine etc. INPUT (Source of Energy) Machine (Arrangements of Elements) Output (Prescribed Task) HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 3. Classification of Machine Elements: HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 4. Shafts: A shaft is a rotating member, circular cross-section, solid or hollow, to transmit power or motion To transmit the power using shaft different members are used such as, Gears, Pulleys, Sprockets Types: A) Transmission Shaft B) Machine Shafts HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 5. A) Transmission Shafts: Transmit the power from source to the machine absorbing the power Mountings: Gears, Pulleys etc. Subjected to torque, BM and axial force Types: Line Shaft and Counter Shaft HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 6. Difference between Line shaft & Counter Shaft: Sr. No. Line Shaft Counter Shaft 1. Directly driven by prime mover and using this power is supplied to diff. machines Secondary shaft driven by main shaft using belt, chain or gear 2. Directly connected to PRIME MOVER NOT DIRECTLY CONNECTED HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 7. Difference between Line shaft & Counter Shaft: Sr. No. Line Shaft Counter Shaft 3. Example Example HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 8. Properties of Shaft PROPERTIES: 1. High Static Strength 2. High Fatigue Strength 3. Ductility 4. High Resilience 5. Good Machinability HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 9. Material: Ductile material like PLAIN CARBON STEELS AND ALLOY STEELS. BRITTLE Material like CAST IRON can not be used Material for Shaft HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 10. Keys:  Key is a machine element used on the shafts to secure rotating elements and prevent relative motion between two rotating member. Keyway is the recess provided on shaft and hub to accommodate key. Key is also used for transmitting the torque from shaft to rotating element. HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 11. Material for key is Plain Carbon Steel or Alloy Steels. Its having lower strength than Shaft material to ensure that if at all there is failure the key should fail instead of shaft. Keys: HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 12. Types of Keys: Sr. No. Type Feature Application 1 Sunk Keys Provided half in the keyway of shaft and half in the keyway of hub Mountings of flanges, pulleys, gears etca. Rectangular Key Rectangular tapered cross section b. Square key Square tapered cross section c. Parallel key Rectangular or square without taper Used in gear boxes where axial movement is restricted d. Gib-headed key Rectangular key with head at one end for easy removal of key Used in mountings of pulleys, gears, inaccessible key seats e. Feather key Special type parallel key attached to either shaft or hub to prevent the relative rotary motion but, permits relative axial movement Clutches and gear shifting devices f. Woodruff key It’s a segment from cylindrical disc Machine tools and automobiles HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 13. Types of sunk keys: HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 14. Types of keys: Sr. No. Type Feature Application 2 Saddle Keys Tapered key fits completely only in hub of rotating element Light duty applications, used temporarily fastening in fixing and eccentric cams 3 Tangent keys Two tapered rectangular keys placed 90⁰ apart Heavy duty industrial applications 4 Kennedy keys Two tapered square keys placed 90⁰ apart Heavy duty industrial applications 5 Round keys and taper pins Straight pin of circular cross section Low power drives 6 Splines Multiple keys which are made integral with shaft Automobile gear box and machine tool gear boxes HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 15. HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN
  • 16. References HOPE FOUNDATION’S INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, I²IT, P-14 RAJIV GANDHI INFOTECH PARK, HINJAWADI, PUNE - 411 057 TEL - +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 | WEBSITE - WWW.ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN ; EMAIL - INFO@ISQUAREIT.EDU.IN Machine Design Book by J.K. Gupta and R.S. Khurmi Design of Machine Elements Book by V. B. Bhandari Basic Mechanical Engineering book by R. B. Patil and Singhal
  • 17. THANK YOU For further details please contact Priyanka Narwade Department of Applied Science & Engineering Hope Foundation’s International Institute of Information Technology, I²IT P-14, Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park, MIDC Phase 1, Hinjawadi, Pune – 411 057 www.isquareit.edu.in Phone : +91 20 22933441 / 2 / 3 priyankan@isquareit.edu.in | info@isquareit.edu.in