Zambia has a significant HIV epidemic, with an adult prevalence of 14.3% nationally. Prevalence is higher in urban areas and among women. The key drivers of the epidemic include multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships, low condom use, low male circumcision rates, mobility and labor migration, and vulnerabilities of groups like sex workers and men who have sex with men. The response has included programs to increase counseling and testing, condom use, and male circumcision, but challenges remain in changing cultural practices, empowering women, and ensuring program sustainability.

4. An Overview of HIV & AIDS
in
Zambia
History
Current picture
Key Drivers
The Response
Successes & Challenges

6. 6
The Zambian HIV Epidemic –Who?
Adult Prevalence 14.3% (15-49 yrs)
Rural:
5 - 15%
Women:
16.1%
Men:
12.3%
Urban:
20 -30%

7. Key Drivers of the Zambian epidemic
6+ Key drivers
1 Multiple & Concurrent Sexual Partnerships
2 Low and inconsistent Condom use
3 Low levels of Male Circumcision
4 Mobility and labour migration
5 Vulnerable & Marginalized grps (CSW, MSM, prisoners, disabled)
6 Vertical transmission – MTCT
Others:
Intergenerational/Transact ional Sex (STGs & STDs)
Low Status of women/GBV
Cultural/traditional practices
Alcohol
Stigma
Low levels of Counselling & Testing

8. The Response: Are we doing the right things??
“We are like a person on a dark night,
hunting frantically for a lost key, under a light.
Not because that is where the key was lost,
But because …..
that is where we’re able to see!”
Prof Michael J Kelly SJ

9. 9
“New HIV infections can be stopped
only by individuals changing their
sexual behaviour”.....
Prof M J Kelly SJ

10. Mcp……….

11. Condom use…….

12. M c……….

14. Challenges
• Raising the status of women
• Changing cultural practices
• Letting women lead the HIV response
– PMTCT example
– MSM
– Testing
– Increasing uptake of VMMC
• Planning program sustainability beyond donors
• Political will/ commitment/Leadershp

15. Thank you very much!!!!
Enjoy your visit to our country…