The document discusses corruption in the health sector in India. It provides data from surveys on perceived corruption in different government services. Health and drugs/pharmaceuticals are seen as highly corrupt sectors. The types of corruption discussed include bribery for services, procurement irregularities, and private interests of health professionals. Reforms suggested involve strengthening anti-corruption institutions, increasing transparency, implementing e-governance, improving monitoring, and encouraging public participation and awareness.
Keynote Address: Stewardship and Governance in Health Systems with special re...
Good governance in healthcare - H. Sudarshan
1. Good Governance in Health Care by Dr. H. Sudarshan Ex - Vigilance Director (Health) & Chairman, Task Force on Health Government of Karnataka
2. Year Score Rank First Rank Last Rank 1995 2.78 34/41 New Zealand Indonesia 1996 2.63 45/54 New Zealand Nigeria 2000 2.80 69/90 Finland Nigeria 2001 2.70 71/91 Finland Bangladesh 2002 2.70 71/102 Finland Bangladesh 2003 2.80 83/133 Finland Bangladesh 2004 2.80 90/145 Finland Bangladesh & Haiti 2005 2.90 88/158 Iceland Bangladesh & Chad 2006 3.30 74/163 Iceland Haiti 2007 3.50 72/180 New Zealand Myanmar/Somalia 2008 3.40 85/180 Denmark Somalia 2009 3.40 84/180 New Zealand Somalia 2010 3.30 87/178 Denmark, NZ & Singapore Somalia
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5. The India Corruption Study 2005 by Transparency International India State C. Index Rank Kerala 240 1 Him Pradesh 301 2 Gujarath 417 3 Andhra Pradesh 433 4 Maharashtra 433 5 Chattisgarh 445 6 Punjab 459 7 West Bengal 461 8 Orissa 475 9 Uttar Pradesh 491 10 State C.Index Rank Delhi 496 11 Tamil Nadu 509 12 Haryana 516 13 Jharkhand 520 14 Assam 542 15 Rajasthan 543 16 Karnataka 576 17 M.P. 584 18 J & K 655 19 Bihar 695 20
6. Corruption Index & Ranking of Services Need Based Services C. Index Rank RFI (Farmers) 22 1 Income Tax 35 2 Municipalities 47 3 Judiciary 59 4 Land Admin 59 5 Police 77 6 Basic Services C.Index Rank Schools 26 1 Water Supply 29 2 PDS 37 3 Electricity 39 4 Govt. Hospitals 42 5
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20. DRUGS CONTROLLER ADDITIONAL DC DEPUTY DC ASST DC DRUG INSPECTORS PHARMACY COLLEGE PRINCIPAL DRUGS TESTING LABORATORY PRIVATE LABS GMS ZP DIR AUTONOUMS BLOOD BANKS PRIVATE / PUBLIC Manufacturing license, DPCO, WHO-GMP Certificate, Testing DPCO, GMP Certificate, Testing, Performance certificate, No Conviction certificate PEOPLE OF KARNATAKA DRUGS CONTROL DEPRTMENT PRIMARY MANUFACTURERS LOAN LICENCES C&F AGENTS AUTHORISED DEALERS DISTRIBUTORS REGIONAL STOCKISTS WHOLESALERS RETAILERS
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23. G M S THE CARTEL RATE CONTRACT PROCUREMENT Distribution (40%of drugs) Need based Indenting Burden of Disease DRUG SCAM DIRECTORATE ADMINISTRATION PEOPLE OF KARNATAKA PERIPHERAL HEALTHE INSTITUTIONS Certification Price control Substandard / Spurious Higher Cost Drugs Z P RC Drugs Transparency Act violations BAD GOOD DRUG CONTROL DEPARTMENT 60% Drugs Non RC, public sector DHO (ZP) Other Hospitals (DJD) Directorate RCH, Malaria, Mid Day Meal Autonomous Hospitals Medical Education Hospitals, Autonomous Hospitals BLOOD BANKS PRIVATE/PUBLIC SECTOR PRIMARY MANUFACTURERS AUTHORISED DEALERS WHOLESALERS RETAILERS EXPORT PRIVATE HOSPITALS SUBSTANDARD SPURIOUS DRUGS HIGHER RATE STANDARD DRUGS GOOD RATE
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26. Lessons from other Anti-corruption Institutions By Dr. H.Sudarshan Karuna Trust
What have we achieved. Starting with prescriptions you will see that from the baseline exercise where no preventative fraud measures had been put in place - £117million a year was being lost to fraud and corruption. Between the 1 st and 2 nd exercises, a number of policy revisions were introduced, for example, I spoke earlier about point of dispensing checks where patients are now asked to provide evidence if they claim an exemption from charges., if they do not provide this they still get their medication but the contractor marks the form and this is checked later. A system of Penalty charges has also been introduced for those patients who still make a fraudulent claim. Between the 2 nd and third exercises a Team of experts visited every pharmacy outlet in England to emphasise the importance of their role in preventing patient fraud and to ensure that they knew what evidence to ask for to prove exemption. We have freed up an astonishing 102 million euros for patient care and the work M-A-M goes on. ……
Equally we have freed up over 19 million a year from the dental services; again similar policies, press campaigns were put in place and action was taken between all 3 exercises.
And a further 4.3 million from optical patient fraud. From all these measurement results you are able to see more clearly just how much we have been able to reduce fraud by in just a few short years and it is a staggering £94million or 56%. (£170m - £76m)
We try to use examples that mean something to our audience – for example when we announced how the NHS had benefited from an additional £675 million we translated the figures into something more meaningful. We described how that money could pay for five new hospitals, 27,000 heart transplants or 170,000 hip replacements. It’s important that we communicate strong but balanced messages. We aren’t saying that everyone who works in or uses the NHS is committing fraud and are careful to refer to the honest majority. We don’t want to ostracise NHS staff but unite them to help us tackle fraud and corruption. Equally we don’t want to create public alarm because we don't want the public to lose faith in the NHS. We want to send a strong message out to those who may be contemplating committing fraud against the NHS. We want those people to feel that the likelihood of getting caught is to great – that it simply isn’t worth the risk.