What is Oil & Gas?

2. Formation of Black Gold
Oil is a fossil fuel formed from the
remains of tiny plants and animals
(plankton), 10 million-600 million years
ago, which fell to the bottom of the sea.
Little or no oxygen allows micro
organisms to break down the remains
into carbon-rich compounds that form
organic layers. The organic material
mixes with the sediments to form fine-
grained shale, or source rock.
Extreme heat and pressure to distills the
organic material into crude oil and natural
gas.
The oil then flows from the source rock
and accumulates in thicker, more porous
limestone or sandstone known as
reservoir rock.
When the earth moves the oil and natural
gas is trapped in reservoir rocks, which
are between layers of impermeable rock,
or cap rock– usually granite or marble.
The whole process takes millions of
years.

3. Finding Black Gold
Government and Oil companies usually
assign finding oil to contracted geologists
Oil geologists examine surface features,
surface rock, reservoir rock, entrapment,
satellite images, sensitive gravity meters
and magnometers. They can also detect the
smell of hydrocarbons using electronic
noses called sniffers.
The most common technique for finding
reserves is seismology which uses shock
waves that interpret waves reflected back
to the surface.
Despite all the technology, modern oil
exploration methods are only 10 percent
successful.

4. Drilling
Once oil is found, land is readied and Rig is set up….
Drilling begins….
Drilling is continued till oil is struck…..

5. Extraction
Once the well is completed, the operators must start the flow of oil
into the well.
For limestone reservoir rock, acid is pumped down the well and out
the perforations.
For sandstone reservoir rock, a special blended fuel containing
proppants is pumped down the well and out the perforations.
The pressure from this fluid makes small fractures in the sandstone
that allow oil to flow into the well, while the proppants hold these
fractures open.
Once the oil is flowing, the oilrig is removed from the site and
production equipment is set up to extract the oil from the well.

6. Extraction

8. Formation Evaluation
Drilling
Fluid
Sampling
Drilling Fluids Integrated
Formation
Evaluation
Drilling Optimization
Coring
Logging Wireline
Directional While Drilling Logging
Drilling
Drill Bits
Completion
Production
Pumping
Services
Oilfield
Sand Control Chemicals
Completions Multilateral Progressing
Systems Cavity Pumps
Expandable Workover
Completions Services
Flawless
Execution
Fishing Services
Intelligent Well Electric Submersible Production Logging
Perforating
Systems Pump Systems

9. Refining Black Gold

12. Entry Level Jobs
JOB DESCRIPTION
Labourer/Roustabout cleans, paints, moves and handles supplies
Cook's Helper helps prepare and serve food
Slasher cuts down trees and clears brush along seismic lines
Seismic Driller's Helper helps drill shot holes
Electrician's Helper helps run wires, check and fix electrical equipment
Field Assistant records data and helps operate geophysical equipment
Janitor keeps the camp clean
Mechanic's Helper helps clean, oil, test and fix equipment
Survey Helper holds stakes and rods and carries equipment
Equipment Operator drives various machines and trucks
Swamper helps truck drivers
Hot Shot Driver makes deliveries of supplies and equipment as needed

13. Skilled Jobs
JOB DESCRIPTION
guides and steadies pipes in and out of hole and maintains drilling mud
Derrick Hand system
Power Tong Operator operates hydraulic powered wrenches to connect casing
Motor Hand operates and maintains engines that power drilling equipment
packs explosives into holes and makes sure everything is safe before
Blaster blasting
Seismic Driller drills shot holes to send sound waves through the ground
makes routine checks and adjustments in different areas of pumping
Gauger station
Tank Farm Operator works at pumping stations that receive and distribute oil in bulk
Gas Utility Operator installs and services pipeline systems which transport natural gas
monitors and operates wells entering pipeline, takes samples and does
Compressor Operator tests
Control Room Operator monitors meters, gauges, indicators and alarm systems

14. Apprenticeship Trades
JOB DESCRIPTION
Cook prepares food and meals for workers
Mechanic fixes machinery
Welder welds metal together to make/fix equipment
Electrician installs/fixes electrical equipment
Plumber installs/fixes water pipes and fixtures
Carpenter builds and repairs buildings
Pipefitter puts steam and water pipes together

15. Office Workers
JOB DESCRIPTION
Office Clerk keeps company records and time sheets
Accounts Clerk works in payroll and accounts payable/receivable
does word processing, records mail, files and makes
Secretary
appointments
Purchasing Agent buys goods, materials and services for the company
Materials Clerk takes inventories and places orders

16. Technical Jobs
JOB DESCRIPTION
operates computers which record and process
Seismic Recording Technician
seismic data, prepares maps
assists in field studies to record and interpret
Survey Technician
geographic areas
Petroleum Technician does reservoir studies and interprets data
Mechanical Technician makes drawings of machines, buildings and systems
Geophysical Technician assists in assembly and analysis of seismic data
assists in surface and subsurface geological mapping
Geological Technician
and core sample studies

17. Semi Professional Jobs
JOB DESCRIPTION
keeps warehouse in order and keeps records of
Warehouse Manager
materials stocked
Camp Manager coordinates all aspects of camp life
makes sure there are healthy working conditions and
Safety Officer
sets safety rules
Environmental Monitor makes sure environmental rules are followed
Plant Foreman supervises all operations, hires and trains workers
Drilling Foreman responsible for all activity on drilling rig

18. Professional Jobs
JOB DESCRIPTION
Geologist explores for oil and gas deposits
uses geology, physics and engineering to recover,
Petroleum Engineer
develop and process petroleum
develops models that determine if exploration and
Research Analyst
production will be feasible
surveys land surface to determine boundaries,
Land Surveyor
contours and other features
Accountant keeps financial records
tends to injuries and ensures a safe, healthy work
Nurse
environment
administers surface and mineral rights for
Land Agent
exploration and production
makes sure everything in the whole business is
General Manager
running as best it can

19. Supporting Jobs
Expediting Trucking
Security Supply of
Equipment Rental Explosives/Chemicals
Cooking/Catering Geophysical Surveying
Painter/Drywaller Camp Management
Labour Pool Coordinator Camp Construction
Pilot/Transportation Remote Communications
Fuel Supply and Haul Supplying Materials

21. Si. No. Company Name
1 Assam Oil Company Ltd. (ACL), India
2 Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), United Arab Emirates
3 Alon USA, United States
4 Amerada Hess Corporation, United States
5 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation, United States
6 Apache Corporation, United States
7 Arbusto Energy, United States
8 Atlantic Petroleum, Faroe Islands
9 BG Group, United Kingdom
10 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, India
11 BHP Billiton, Australia
12 Buzachi Petroleum Operating, Kazakhstan
13 BP, United Kingdom
14 Cairn Energy, India
15 Canadian Natural Resources, Canada
16 Chevron Corporation, United States
17 Chief Oil and Gas, United States
18 Citgo, Venezuela
19 CNOOC Ltd., China
20 ConocoPhillips, United States

22. Si. No. Company Name
22 Crown Central Petroleum, United States
23 Cupet, Cuba
24 Devon Energy, United States
25 Ecopetrol, Colombia
26 Enbridge, Canada
27 EnCana, Canada
28 ENSCO International, United States
29 Eni, Italy
30 Essar oil ltd., India
31 Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activites Petroliere (ETAP), Tunisia
32 ExxonMobil, United States
33 First Texas Energy Corporation, United States
34 Galp Energia, Portugal
35 GeoPardazesh - Petroleum Exploration Services Co. Ltd., Iran
36 Petronet LNG Limited, India
37 Gujarat Gas Co. Ltd., India
38 Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation, India
39 Gulf Oil, Luxembourg
40 Grupa LOTOS, Poland

23. Si. No. Company Name
40 Grupa LOTOS, Poland
41 Hargeisa Minerals & Resources Company Ltd, Somaliland
42 Hellenic Petroleum, Greece
43 Hess Corporation, United States
44 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, India
45 Husky Energy, Canada
46 IB Daiwa, Japan
47 Imperial Oil, Canada
48 INA - Industrija Nafte, Croatia
49 Indian Oil Corporation, India
50 Inpex, Japan
51 Irving Oil, Canada
52 Japan Energy, Japan
53 Kaz-Munay Gaz, Kazakhstan
54 Karazhanbas Munay, Kazakhstan
55 Kerr-McGee, United States
56 Koch Industries, United States
57 Kuwait German Petroleum Company, Canada
58 Kuwait Gulf Oil Company, Kuwait
59 Kuwait National Petroleum Company Kuwait
60 Kuwait Oil Company, Kuwait

24. Si. No. Company Name
61 Kuwait Petroleum Corporation, Kuwait
62 LUKoil, Russia
63 Marathon Oil Corporation, United States
64 Maurel & Prom, France
65 Maxol Group, Republic of Ireland
66 MedcoEnergi, Indonesia
67 Mol Group, Hungary
68 Naftna Industrija Srbije, Serbia
69 Naftogas of Ukraine, Ukraine
70 National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Iran
71 National Oil Corporation, Libya
72 Neste Oil, Finland
73 Nexen, Canada
74 Nippon Oil, Japan
75 NNPC, Nigeria
76 Oil Planet International Corp, United States
77 Northern Resources, Canada
78 Oil and Gas Development Company Limited, Pakistan
79 Occidental Petroleum, United States
80 Oil India Limited, India

25. Si. No. Company Name
81 Oman Oil Company (OOC), Oman
82 OMV, Austria
83 ONGC, India
84 PKN Orlen S.A., Poland
85 PSO, Pakistan
86 Petróleos de Venezuela, Venezuela
87 Petroleos Mexicanos, Mexico
88 Petroleum Development Oman, (PDO)
89 Perenco, France, United Kingdom
90 Petro-Canada, Canada
91 Petrobras, Brazil
92 PetroChina, China
93 PetroKazakhstan, Kazakhstan
94 Petrom, Romania
95 Petron Corporation, Philippines
96 PETRONAS, Malaysia
97 PETROTRIN, Trinidad and Tobago
98 PetroVietnam, Vietnam
99 Pertamina, Indonesia
100 Polish Oil and Gas Company, Poland

26. Si. No. Company Name
101 Plains Exploration & Production Company (PXP), United States
102 PTT Public Company Limited, Thailand
103 Qatar Petroleum, Qatar
104 Reliance Industries Limited, India
105 Repsol YPF, Spain
106 Rompetrol Group N.V., Romania
107 Royal Dutch Shell, Netherlands, United Kingdom
108 Sagiz Petroleum, Kazakhstan
109 San-Ai Oil, Japan
110 Santos Limited, Australia
111 Sasol, South Africa
112 Saudi Aramco, Saudi Arabia (the largest in the world)
113 Shell Canada, Canada (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell)
114 Shell Oil Company, US (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell)
115 Sinclair Oil, United States
116 Sinopec, China
117 Snpc, Congo-Brazzaville
118 Sonangol, Angola
119 Sonatrach, Algeria
120 SPC, Singapore

27. Si. No. Company Name
121 StatoilHydro, Norway
122 State Oil Company of Azerbaijan, SOCAR Azerbaijan
123 Somerset Refinery, United States
124 State Oil Company of Suriname, Suriname
125 Sunoco, United States
126 Suncor Energy, Canada
127 Surgutneftegaz, Russia
128 Syncrude, Canada
129 Talisman Energy, Canada
130 Todd Energy, New Zealand
131 Total, France
132 Tullow Oil, United Kingdom
133 United Refining Company, United States
134 Vaalco Energy Inc., United States
135 Wintershall, Germany
136 Woodside Petroleum, Australia
137 XTO Energy, United States
138 YPF, Argentina
139 YPFB, Bolivia

28. Si. No. Company Name
1
Wal-Mart Stores
2
Royal Dutch Shell
3
Exxon Mobil
4
BP
5
Sinopec Group
6
China National Petroleum
7
State Grid
8
Toyota Motor
9
Japan Post Holdings
10
Chevron

29. Employment Statistics

31. Lab0ur Statistics

32. CONCLUSION
Booming Sector