Pensa, Masala, Marietta &Tabasso - Input2012

IN.VI.TO.
INteractive VIsualization TOol

THE EFFECTS OF DECISION-MAKING ON
URBAN FORM, A TOOL FOR SUPPORTING
PLANNING PROCESSES
Stefano Pensa, Elena Masala, Cristina Marietta, Matteo Tabasso

InViTo: an interactive visualization tool for supporting planning processes
Slide 1 / 27
INPUT 2012 - Seventh International Conference on Informatics and Urban and Regional Planning – Cagliari 10-12 May 2012

SPATIAL DECISION PROCESS

Market Requirements
buffer

management
land management
Planning Rules
landscape business

Economic Sustainability
customer
corporate efficiency national

capacity

capital

heritage
financial resources
target

sales process
regional strategy
local

value
development

water

pollution
consumption
emissions
growth

energy

education

natural resources
Development Environmental Aspects
welfare soil
social

Citizens Needs

mobility
health impact
services

solutions

community

Slide 2 / 27

SPATIAL DECISION PROCESS

citizens representatives
transportation companies urban planners

Urban Planning

corporations

building contractors professional chambers
politicians retailers

banks

Slide 3 / 27

AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND NEEDS
Task
Large scale planning and decision making processes supported by interactive tool.

Assumption
ICT provides nowadays a large amount and typologies of tools which offer the
possibility to visualize numerous data and relate them to specific features.

Thus, in this research, no new software has been created. Existing software have
been investigated in order to find the best fitting to multidisciplinary processes.

Slide 4 / 27

AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND NEEDS

What did I look for?

A single tool to manage and display data and variables with the possibility of
obtaining customized output graphs.

Capability of relating choices and proposals to their effect on territory
transformations and possibility of visualizing outputs in real-time in order to
support workshops an focus groups.

Construction of a replicable and easy fitting method.

Slide 5 / 27

MC NEELS RHINOCEROS AND GRASSHOPPER
Rhinoceros® (Rhino) is a stand-alone,
commercial NURBS-based 3-D modeling tool,
developed by Robert McNeel & Associates.
The software is commonly used for industrial design
and architecture.

Grasshopper™ is a graphical algorithm editor tightly
integrated with Rhino’s 3-D modeling tools. Shapes are
created using generative algorithms that can contain
different types of input including numeric, textual, audio-
visual applications.

Usually Rhinoceros and its plug-in
Grasshopper are used for industrial and
architectural design at the building or
HUNTER'S POINT SOUTH HANGZHOU VESSEL CHAIR furniture scale.
WATERFRONT PARK STADIUM MANI MANI
PAVILION NBBJ and CCDI 2011
WEISS/MANFREDI 2009
ARCHITECTS
2011

Slide 6 / 27

WHY RHINOCEROS AND GRASSHOPPER?

Generative: grasshopper plug-in allows to generate shapes
without standard CAD environment modelling. Shapes are
described by a sequence of processing steps.

Parametric: mathematical functions and relationships
among them define shapes and their behaviours.

Dynamic: outputs change in real time according to user
choices following the rules of assessment method.

Easy to customize: using common scripting languages
(Python, C# or VisualBasic).

Slide 7 / 27

WHAT’S NEW WITH RHINO AND GH?

Scale factor: a software, commonly used at building scale
(or lower), are adapted to a large area planning process.

GIS: potentiality offered by script codes are used to
combine Grasshopper with ESRI GIS shapes and data.

Assessment Methods: the dynamics of various assessment
models such as multi-criteria analysis, surveys, conjoint
analysis are reproduced in order to visualize outputs.

Participatory Processes: the instrument represents a useful
tool for participatory planning.

Slide 8 / 27

THE STRUCTURE OF THE INSTRUMENT

Slide 9 / 27


A script allows the model to import geo-referenced data in
order to generate specific shapes for each indicator.

Slide 10 / 27

Each element can be associated to a
mathematical function (e.g. based on
distance) that describe its behaviour. The
function can be manually implemented or
read from external file.

Slide 11 / 27


Slide 12 / 27

Outputs can be displayed multidimensional maps in real-time
in Google Earth according to input data and actor choices.

Gradient Maps Quantitative Maps

Symbolic Comparative Maps Volume Graph Maps

Slide 13 / 27

Turin Pilot Application: the instrument has been tested on the Northern
metropolitan area of Turin. The effects of new infrastructure projects
on redevelopment areas has been investigated in order to provide guidelines for
new projects on the area.

CircUse: In.Vi.To. has been set to evaluate possible land use for abandoned
brownfield in the town of Asti.

CoDe24: using ANP assessment method, main bottlenecks and critical areas
have been investigated. In.Vi.To. reproduces the assessment dynamic and
releases outputs according to ANP method.

COST TU1002: in the COST Action TU1002 about accessibility instruments,
In.Vi.To. has been tested in the town of Turin to evaluate level of accessibility to
public trasport.

COST TU0801: in the COST Action TU0801 about semantic enrichment of 3D
city models for sustainable urban development In.Vi.To is been testing in the
Skopje case study

Slide 14 / 27

TURIN PILOT APPLICATION
Focus: compatibility of residential
settlements with respect to transformation
areas and abandoned brownfields.

Location: Turin – transformation areas
Area: 10 km x 10 km
Grid: 50 m

Relationship between urban function
(residential): and facilities

Considered elements (for residential):
bus stops, subway stops, railway stations, green areas,
public services, motorway exits (network distance)
main streets, railway and motorway tracks, industrial
Turin Interactive Quantitative Residential Map sites (euclidean distance)
Turin – Volume Graph Residential Map Turin – Volume Graph Residential Map

Survey to citizen
to identify specific spatial effect of each elements as
mathematical function

Weighted sum of functions
Using VBA interface to input values

Graph Volume and Quantitative Output
Visualization

Slide 15 / 27

TURIN PILOT APPLICATION (VIDEO)

Slide 16 / 27

CIRCUSE – CIRCULAR FLOW LAND USE MANAGEMENT
Location: Asti

Area: 20 km x 20 km
Focus: promoting sustainable development Grid: 50 m
of brownfields, greyfields and degraded
greenfields in urban and peri-urban areas. Issue: defining new destination for abandoned
brownfield by participatory process.

Survey to experts
to identify specific spatial effect of each
elements as mathematical function

Increasing usability by non-technicians
Creating a user-friendly interface

Replicability
of the model between EU partners

Slide 18 / 27

CIRCUSE – CIRCULAR FLOW LAND USE MANAGEMENT

Considered elements:
urban bus stops, sub urban bus stops, railway
stations, green areas, public services,
motorway exits (network distance)
national raods, railway and motorway tracks,
industrial sites (euclidean distance)

Considered land uses:
Residential, Commercial, Hotel-sector, Industry

Weights definition method
Elements grouped in families
Asti Interactive Land Use Map Two at a time comparison
Suburban Bus Stops - Residential Map Railway Stations – Residential Map Motorway Exit – Residential Map

Gradient Map Visualization

Slide 19 / 27

CODE24 – CORRIDOR 24 DEVELOPMENT ROTTERDAM - GENOA
Focus: coordinated transnational strategy to
support the improvement and the
development of the Corridor 24 Rotterdam -
Genoa

Locations: Wesel – Oberhausen, Bellinzona,
Frankfurt Region
Area: 20 km x 20 km (Wesel)
200 km x 100 km (Frankfurt Region)
Benefit Subnet – Wesel Case Study
Grid: 500 m

Multi Scenario Approach

ANP Assessment Approach:
Benefits Opportunities Costs Risks network,
Cluster (transport, economic, urban, environmental)
Nodes

Questionnaire to experts
to rank scenarios with real time outputs

Opportunities Subnet – Bellinzona Case Study Volume Graph Visualization

Slide 20 / 27

CODE24 – CORRIDOR 24 DEVELOPMENT ROTTERDAM – GENOA (VIDEO)

Slide 21 / 27

COST ACTION TU1002 – ACCESSIBILITY INSTRUMENTS

Focus: to close the gap between accessibility
models and planning practice

Location: Turin
Area: 2 km x 2 km
Grid: 20 m

Open Data
Open Street Map Road Network
Public Transport Company Data

Real Time Query and Calculation
Based on walk distances, modality, number of lines,
frequency
Trough a VBA interface

Gradient Map Visualization
Turin Subway Stop Accessibility Map Turin Bus Stop Accessibility Map

Turin - Central Area Accessibility Turin - Central Area Accessibility

Slide 22 / 27

COST ACTION TU1002 – ACCESSIBILITY INSTRUMENTS

Turin public OpenStreetMap is a By matching the data it’s
transport data set: freely editable street possible to design the
urban and map. Download is accessibility to public
metropolitan bus available by internet transport by the shorter
stops, paths, from everywhere. pedestrian path.
timetables

Slide 23 / 27

COST TU0801 – SEMANTIC ENRICHMENT OF 3D CITY MODELS
Location: Skopje
Area: 2,5 km x 0,6 km
Grid: 20 m

Relationship between residential function
and facilities

bus stops, subway stops, railway stations, green areas, public
services, motorway exits (network distance)
main streets, railway and motorway tracks, industrial sites
(euclidean distance)

Survey to citizen
Flat distributions graphs in Skopje mathematical function

Graph Volume and Flats Distribution Output
Visualization

Flats distibution in Skopje

Volume and gradient graphs in Skopje

Slide 24 / 27

COST TU0801 – SEMANTIC ENRICHMENT OF 3D CITY MODELS
Location: Skopje
Area: 2,5 km x 0,6 km
Grid: 20 m

Relationship between residential function
and facilities

bus stops, subway stops, railway stations, green areas, public
services, motorway exits (network distance)
main streets, railway and motorway tracks, industrial sites
(euclidean distance)

Survey to citizen
mathematical function

Graph Volume and Flats Distribution Output
Visualization

Flats distibution in Skopje

Volume and gradient graphs in Skopje

Slide 25 / 27

CONCLUSIONS

Possibility of being adapted to different uses and purposes
is a deep strength of the instrument.

In.Vi.To. showed to be useful for transparent
communication and as shared basis for discussion.

Real time interaction with the model encourages
stakeholder to actively participate to workshop and focus
group.

Slide 26 / 27

Thank you!

For further information: stefano.pensa@polito.it

Slide 27 / 27

Pensa, Masala, Marietta &Tabasso - Input2012

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Pensa, Masala, Marietta &Tabasso - Input2012