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Ähnlich wie Oxidative stress markers in different altitude training strategies in elite athletes
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Oxidative stress markers in different altitude training strategies in elite athletes
- 1. Oxidative stress markers in different altitude training strategies in elite athletes Rodríguez FA1, León J2, Calderón C3, Feriche B4, Pérez M5, Iglesias X1 1 INEF de Catalunya, Universitat de Barcelona, 2 Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, 3 CAR Sierra Nevada, Granada, 4 Facultad de Ciencias de la AF y del Deporte, Universidad de Granada, 5 Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada Aim Hypoxia induces oxidative stress in animal models and humans due to increased oxygen uptake and electron drain at the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in increased tissue oxidation (Guzy & Schumacker 2006). During altitude training exposure two independent stimuli (intense exercise and hypoxia) may have a cumulative effect on oxidative stress (Pialoux et al. 2006). We aimed to analyse the prooxidant- antioxidant balance during different strategies of moderate altitude training in elite athletes. Methods 57 elite swimmers took part in four training camps at moderate altitude (CAR Sierra Nevada, 2320 m), living and training at “high” (Hi) or “low” (Lo) level, using different strategies during a period of 4 (Lo-Lo, Hi-Hi, Hi-HiLo) or 3 weeks (Hi-Hi3). Biochemistry Prooxidant-antioxidant balance was evaluated before (pre) and once a week during the camp (W1 to W4, post in Lo-Lo only) in peripheral blood using commercially available kits: • Plasma free radical NO (nitrites) • Lipid (LPO) and protein (carbonyls) oxidation • Erythrocyte antioxidants: glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) Statistics Linear mixed modelling for main effects and interactions of group and test. References Guzy & Schumacker (2006) Exp Physiol 91(5):807-19 Pialoux et al. (2006) Eur J Clin Nutr 60, 1345-1354. Conclusions • Four weeks of training at altitude resulted in an increase of oxidative damage markers • The free radical NO increased in Hi-Hi at the second week, indicating a higher risk of health disturbances in this group • However, a seemingly adequate antioxidative defence was maintained, since intracellular GSH, the GSSG/GSH ratio, and the activity of GPx and GRd remained stable Group: different from *Lo-Lo, #Hi-Hi, $Hi-Hi3, &Hi-HiLo Test: different from apre, bW1, cW2, dW3 (p<0.05) PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 1 2 3 4 $ # &# &# a Hi-Hi3 Hi-HiLo Hi-Hi Lo-Lo A Time (weeks) GSH(nmol/minmg) PRE W1 W2 0 1 2 3 4 5 &#$ & C Time (week GST(nmol/minmg) PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 &$ a a b c d B Time (weeks) GSSG(nmol/minmg) PRE W1 W2 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 # D Time (week GSSG/GSH PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 1 2 3 4 $ # &# &# a A Time (weeks) GSH(nmol/minmg) PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 &$ a a b c d B Time (weeks) GSSG(nmol/minmg) PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 5 10 15 20 25 Hi-HiLo Hi-Hi3 Hi-Hi Lo-Lo *# $ # $ # $ # # a Time (weeks) GPx(nmol/minmg) 10 15 # # Hi-HiLo Hi-Hi3 Hi-Hi Lo-Lo /minmg) A B PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 5 10 15 20 25 Hi-H Hi-H Hi-H Lo-L *# $ # $ # $ # # a Time (weeks) GPx(nmol/minmg) PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 5 10 15 $ $ # # H H H L * Time (weeks) GRd(nmol/minmg) A B PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 Hi-HiLo Hi-Hi3 Hi-Hi Lo-Lob # Time (weeks) Nitritelevels(mM) #& PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 3 6 9 Hi- Hi- Hi- Lo- & a b c a b c d a b c d Time (weeks) LPO(mM) #& PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 a b a b c a b c d a a Time (weeks) Carbonyls(mg/mg) A B PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 3 6 9 Hi-HiLo Hi-Hi3 Hi-Hi Lo-Lo & a b c a b c d a b c d Time (weeks) LPO(mM) #& PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 30 40 50 60 70 80 a b a b c a b c d a a Time (weeks) Carbonyls(mg/mg) A B PRE W1 W2 W3 W4 0 10 20 25 30 35 40 45 Hi-HiLo Hi-Hi3 Hi-Hi Lo-Lob # Time (weeks) Nitritelevels(mM) #&