Gender aspects of informal markets
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Presentation by Delia Grace and Kristina Roesel at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
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Gender aspects of informal markets
- 1. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté Gender aspects of informal markets Delia Grace Kristina Roesel Safe Food, Fair Food team 1. International Livestock Research Instiute, Nairobi, KENYA 2. Free University Berlin, Germany
- 2. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté 2 Food safety in sub-Saharan Africa • Every year, at least 2 billion cases of diarrhea occur and 1.5 million children under 5 yrs die worldwide • 80% of child deaths due to diarrhea occur in South Asia and Africa • Animal source foods are single most important source of food borne disease (FBD) • In sub-Saharan Africa, large proportion of animal source foods are sold through informal markets
- 3. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté FOOD SAFETY Characteristics Benefits No effective health and safety regulations, Many actors, Pay no tax, Traditional processing & retail practices, Poor infrastructure, Little support from Public and NGO. Cheap, Freshness, local breeds, Taste, Trust in vendors, Credit INFORMAL MARKETS
- 5. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté Risk assessment & management with a gender perspective • How do the differing roles of women and men affect their exposure to hazards? • How does the biology of women and men, young and old, healthy and sick affect their vulnerability to different diseases? • As food systems undergo change and evolution, how might this advantage or disadvantage women and men? • How do women and men differ in their capacity to manage risk and how can we best enhance risk management? 5
- 6. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté 6 Safe Food Fair Food Centre Suisse des Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire Côte d’Ivoire, Mali University of Ghana Ghana Addis Ababa University Ethiopia Nairobi University Kenya Sokoine University of Agriculture Tanzania Direcção de Ciências Animais Mozambique University of Pretoria South Africa
- 8. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté When disease targets women • High rates of abortion among women in some areas • Listeria never reported in food • Listeria reported in sheep • First study to assess risk of Listeria in Ghana 8 Hazard: Listeria in milk Hazard: Listeria in fish Moderate riskLow risk RISK ASSESSEMENT
- 9. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté Risk & nutrients for the most vulnerable 9 Pregnant women avoid R U Intestines √ √ Head meat √ √ Spicy food √ ○ Fishy food ○ √ Dog meat √ ○ “Nem chua”‐fermented pork ○ √ Boiled pork with fresh fig leaves √ ○
- 10. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté New markets change opportunity and risk 10 Traditionally women control sale & processing pf milk Abijan: new urban markets Markets self-organising Producers immigrants: mainly men & unmarried Men dominate milk value chain Mali: new co-operative expands markets Co-operative trains women Women remain in market Cooperative introduces quality tests Some milk fails tests Women take it home and consume Family health at risk Women have markets for milk Less milk goes to herder Nutrition status at risk
- 11. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté Women are fewer but better butchers 11 Women have a more important role in self-organised groups than officially- organised groups. Women better meat handling practice and better quality meat (p=0.001). Men eat more muscle meat (steak) and women more offal (p=0.004). Peer to peer training resulted in: • a 20% reduction in unacceptable meat • $9 per butcher and saved $780 saved in diarrhoea treatment costs
- 12. Conférence internationale Africa 2013 sur l’Ecosanté Acknowledgements • SFFF leaders: Kohei Makita, Bassirou Bonfoh, Hung Nguyen, Erastus Kang’ethe, Lusato Kurwijila, Saskia Hendrickx, Cheryl McCrindle, Kwaku Tano‐Debrah, Girma Zewde, Helena Matusse • Donors: GIZ/BMZ, ACIAR, CAPRI & CRP A4NH • Partners: FUB; BFR; RGU; HU; STPH • Producers, transporters, processors, retailers and consumers of ASF in Ghana, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire and Vietnam 12