The document summarizes the goals and approach of the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish, which aims to sustainably increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and aquaculture systems to provide more animal-source foods for poor consumers and reduce poverty. The program will focus on whole value chains in targeted commodities and countries by working directly with development partners on strategic interventions to achieve impact at scale. It will address productivity gaps, engage stakeholders along the value chains, and generate global public goods through cross-cutting research platforms. The goal is for more meat, milk and fish to be produced by and for the poor.

1. CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and
Fish:
Achieving proof of scale
for food security and poverty reduction
Tom Randolph
G20 Meeting of Agricultural Chief Scientists
Guadalajara, Mexico, 25 September 2012

2. The challenge
 Can research accelerate livestock and aquaculture
development to benefit the poor?
o Mixed record to date
o Systematic under-investment
o Also related to our research-for-development
model?
 Focus of new CGIAR Research Program
o Increase productivity of small-scale systems
o ‘by the poor’  poverty reduction
o ‘for the poor’  food security

3. Correcting perceptions
1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and bad for
health, so should not promote
2. Small-scale production and marketing systems are
disappearing; sector is quickly industrializing
3. Livestock and aquaculture development will have
negative environmental impacts

4. 1. Animal-source foods are a luxury and
bad for health, so should not promote
Evidence?
Nearly everyone consumes some animal-source food in
their diet, and for good reason:
o Dense sources of critical high-quality nutrients
o Important role of diet diversity
o Enhances bioavailability of micronutrients from
plant-based foods
o Improves growth and cognitive development
o So, strategic for nutritionally challenged
populations

5. Need to put health risks
into perspective:
Consumption will remain low
for the great majority
Rosegrant et al. 2009

6. 2. Small-scale production and marketing systems
disappearing; sector quickly industrializing
Evidence?
Nearly a billion people rely on livestock and aquaculture
in small-scale production and marketing systems for their
livelihoods
 Small farms responsible for >50% of livestock
production across much of Africa and Asia

7. 3. Livestock and aquaculture development will
have negative environmental impacts
Evidence?
Increasing productivity in small-scale systems
significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions per unit of
product

8. Production efficiency – developed countries
Increased
footprint per
animal, but
2/3 less per
kg of milk
8
Capper et al., 2009

9. 3. Livestock and aquaculture development will
have negative environmental impacts
Evidence?
Increasing productivity in small-scale systems
significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions per unit of
product
Small-scale systems more likely to recycle waste

10. Are we missing an opportunity?
 Livestock and Blue Revolutions: accelerating
demand in developing countries as urbanization
and incomes rise
 Industrial systems will provide a large part of the
needed increase in supply to cities and the better-
off in some places
 But the poor will often continue to rely on small-
scale production and marketing systems
 If able to respond, they could contribute, both
increasing supplies and reducing poverty
 …and better manage the transition for
many smallholder households

11. Managing the transition
 Estimates for smallholders in Africa and Latin
America (Wiggins 2012; Dorward 2009) :
1/3 Will ‘step up’ to become commercial
farmers
1/3 Will ‘step out’ and work for other, go to
the city
1/3 Could go either way
 Can 2/3 be enabled to develop into commercial
producers, accumulate capital and transition out of
agriculture?
 deeper rural economic growth
 avoid social disruption
(Johnston et al. 1995)

12. But productivity gap remains despite
investment in livestock development
Biomass is calculated as inventory x average liveweight.
Output is given as carcass weight.
Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)

13. But productivity gap remains despite
investment in livestock development (2)
Source: (Steinfeld et al 2006)

14. Aquaculture lagging as well
annual growth rate of aquaculture 2007-2015 needed
to satisfy fish demand
source: Cai (2011)

15. A smarter approach?
 Drawing from recent experiences, can we
accelerate research to impact?
 Objective of new CGIAR Research
Program on Livestock and Fish

16. Goal
More m ilk, m e a t a nd fis h by a nd for the p o o r
To sustainably increase the productivity of
small-scale livestock and fish systems to
increase the availability and affordability of
animal-source foods for poor consumers and,
in doing so, reduce poverty through greater
participation by the poor along the whole value
chains for animal-source foods.

17. Basic Idea: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Traditional approach was piecemeal
Past research has focused specific aspects
of given value chains, commodities and country.
Consumers
...in Country A
Consumers
...in Country B
Consumers
...in Country C
Consumers
...in Country D

18. Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
#1: Addressing the whole value chain
#2+3: Working directly to impact at scale with development partners
R4D integrated to transform selected value chains
In targeted commodities and countries.
Consumers
Major intervention with development partners
Value chain development team + research partners
Strategic L&F CRP Cross-cutting Platforms
• Technology Generation
• Market Innovation
• Targeting & Impact
INTERVENTIONS TO GLOBAL RESEARCH
SCALE OUT REGIONALLY PUBLIC GOODS

19. #4 Focus, focus, focus!
Working in only 9 target value chains
SHEEP & GOATS
AQUACULTURE
PIGS
DAIRY

20. Status
 Partnership of 4 CGIAR Centers
 ILRI
 WorldFish Center
 CIAT
 ICARDA
 Officially started January 1st, 2012
 Engaging with partners
 Consolidating ongoing activities, and developing
strategy by component and value chain

21. 3-year Budget Envelope by Component
TOTAL Approved = US$99.6m
2/3’s funding secured

22. Thank you
More meat, milk and fish by and for the poor
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish