This document summarizes a study assessing IITA's participation in cassava processing activities in Nigeria. The study collected data from 952 households and 143 processors in 74 villages across 14 states. It finds that while gari remains the most popular cassava product, villages with IITA interventions saw greater adoption of improved cassava varieties and processing technologies like odorless fufu and HQCF. The study aims to analyze the impact of IITA's cassava research and development activities on households, businesses, and the broader sector using descriptive statistics, econometric models, and by comparing intervention and non-intervention sites. Future work will explore complementarities between new varieties and processing and conduct production cost analyses.

1. Assessing participation of IITA in
cassava processing activities in Nigeria
T. Abdoulaye, A. Abass, B. Maziya-
Dixon, G. Tarawali, R. Okechukwu, J.
Rusike, A. Arega and V. Manyong.
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2. Outline
• Background
• Methods
• Conceptual framework
• Preliminary results
• Observations from surveys
• Future work
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3. Background
• Cassava impact well documented - productivity gains
• Processing research undocumented
• IITA promoted cassava processing - late 80’s
• Processing increases demand and adoption
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4. Background
• Processing options for farmers on labor resource
management
• Research on cassava improvement and agricultural
engineering and processing and product development
• PI 2002 opened frontier for marketing processed products
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5. Objectives
• Credible evidence of the impact of IITA cassava
processing research or lack of it in Nigeria
Specifically identify:
(a) technologies and processes developed and promoted -
how
(b) Characteristics of innovations generated and their
outcomes
(c) Impact of cassava processing research interventions on
households and others sector participants
(d) Lessons to be learned from interventions
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6. Hypotheses
• Cassava processing research activities generated a
new stream of outputs with potential to confer benefits
to market participants
• The innovations were adopted by fabricators and
processors and resulted in the changes in their
efficiencies
• Improved varieties and Processing are complementary
technologies
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7. Data Analysis
Data will be analyzed using:
- Descriptive statistics
- Budgeting methods
- Econometric models. including micro-econometric
evaluation methods.
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8. Approach
• Data from 14 states, 74 villages in 4
regions of Nigeria
• 36 villages with IITA intervention
•38 villages with no-IITA intervention
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9. Location of Surveyed communities
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10. Data and Sampling
Households Machine Processors
fabricators
South West 422 14 10
South East 184 37 48
South South 253 7 69
North Central 93 0 16
Total 952 58 143
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11. Cassava processing R4D – Impact pathway (Adapted from Rusike et al, 2009)
Inputs: Facilitation,
Advocacy, labor, funds,
plants, equipments etc..
OUTPUTS
3. Training
1. Modified/new
2. Products - Workshop on
equipments
- Odorless Fufu improving machines
-Grater
- HQCF - Capacity
-Press
- Better quality Gari building on
-Fryers
- Chips business skills
-Sifters
- Animal feed - Training on
-Dryers
process hygiene
Outcomes: Farmers, Fabricators and Processors:
Changes in knowledge
and practices
Increased business skills
Cost savings
More hygienic facilities
New business, new products
Increased incomes
Impact: Households, village, LGA, State and Nation
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12. Selected Cassava products
in surveyed villages
100
90
80
70
% of villages
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Garri Odourlessfufu Chips Bakery flour
Products
2009 1999
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13. Main Cassava Production
constraints
80
70
60
% of villages
50
40
30
20
10
0
bad road inadequate pest/disease low yield
input market
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14. Main cassava processing constraints
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
% of Villages
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
.0%
inadequate bad road inadequate far distance to
water sources market processor
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15. Date of creation of processing
enterprises
Before 2000
After 2000
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16. Ownership of enterprises
Cooperative
Incorporated
company
Sole proprietorship
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17. Observations about Cassava
processing sector in Nigeria
• Gari is still the most popular product making the
graters the most used equipment
• Stakeholders recognize IITA as catalyst of
changes
• PI another important factor of change.
• With change in 2007, millers stopped ordering
cassava flour
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18. Observations about Cassava
processing sector in Nigeria
• “Rent seekers” could not compete – true for both
fabricators and processors
• Others have adjusted and diversified
• Few firms are reconsidering vertical integration
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19. Households use of improved Cassava
70
60
% of households
50
40
30
20
10
0
More than 10 years 5-10 years Current 2009
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20. Household Cassava utilization
90
80
70
60
% hoseholds
50
40
30
20
10
0
boiling garri fufu flour dry chips blendind mixed cassava
cassava making making dry or flour leaves
w et
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21. Households awareness and use of
Cassava processing Equipments
70
60
% of households
50
40
30
20
10
0
peeling grating chipping pressing sifting frying
Machines
Aware(%) Use(%)
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22. Future Work
1. Component approach to analyze
complementarities and sequencing between
processing and adoption of new varieties.
• Component approach will address if there are reasons
to justify intervention
2. System analysis using intervention and non-
intervention site to measure impact of
interventions as a whole – R4D approach
• System approach will focus on whether interventions
as a whole lead to impact
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23. Future work
- Use micro-econometrics approach to estimate impact
based on with and without R4D intervention by IITA and
partners.
- Use econometrics to test complementarities
- Johnson and Masters, 2004 could establish complementarities at village
level but not at household
- Now small graters more widely use and household level
complementarities can be established
- Conduct production cost and efficiency analysis
- Manual vs. mechanical
- Large vs. small enterprise
- Compare to past estimations to test efficiency given
current prices
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24. Thank You
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