Pearl amadi assessing

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Assessing the Level of Consumption of Pro-
Vitamin A Cassava Products among Rural
Households in South- East and South- South
Nigeria
Pearl Amadi, Felix Nzeakor and Godwin Asumugha

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INTRODUCTIONMillions of rural Nigerian
households, irrespective of age, sex
or culture consume less vitamin A
than the body needs (Ilona, 2017).
As a result, IITA, Ibadan in
partnership with the NRCRI,
Umudike, developed and released
pro vitamin A cassava varieties in
2011 and 2014 in a Harvest-Plus-
funded project.
 Progressively, these pro vitamin A
cassava varieties have been
distributed to millions of households
in Nigeria.

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INTRODUCTIONThe consumption of pro-vitamin A
cassava products in a rural
household scenario where root and
tuber crops are major staples is very
necessary.
 However, the rate of consumption
is subject to its profitability in terms of
nutritional value, health benefits,
marketability, high yield and quality of
the products.
In view of the above, the need to
assess the consumption level of pro
vitamin A cassava products in Nigeria
becomes imperative.

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OBJECTIVES
to assess the frequency of
consumption of pro vitamin A garri, fufu,
tapioca, flakes, flour for snacks: cake,
bread, chin-chin, boons.
to assess the consumer preference
and acceptability of the products;
to determine the factors influencing
consumption of the products;
to identify constraints to consumption
of the products; and
to analyze the level of consumption of
pro- vitamin A cassava among rural
households across the states.

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Methodology
Study Area

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Methodology Multistage sampling procedure was
used in selecting the sample size of
480 respondents cumulatively chosen
from the four states
Eight (8) agricultural zones
twenty-four (24) blocks,
forty-eight (48) circles and
 120 respondents from each state,
giving a total of 480 respondents.

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 Focus Group Discussion, and
 well-structured questionnaire were
used to elicit information from the
respondents
 Data were analyzed using descriptive
statistics such as tables, mean and
 Inferential statistics (Duncan multiple
range test)
 The model is specified as follows:
where:
DMRP = Duncan Multiple Range
QP = Shortest Significant Range
√MSE = Mean Square Error
r = Number of states
Methodology

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Results and Discussion
Imo State Anambra State Delta State AkwaIbom State Pooled
Consumption/Usage
Forms
X SD X SD X SD X SD X SD
Garri form 3.63 1.4138 4.54 1.1294 4.13 1.2430 3.45 1.2602 4.26 1.3312
Fufu form 3.35 1.5806 2.68 1.0936 2.80 1.2675 4.74 1.5335 3.07 1.4191
Dispose as fresh root 1.00 .00000 1.00 .00000 1.00 .00000 1.15 .58912 1.04 .30075
Dispose as stem 1.00 .00000 1.00 .00000 1.00 .00000 1.12 .55855 1.03 .28362
Use as flour 1.12 .43354 1.37 .50098 1.08 .33263 1.36 .79701 1.23 .55835
Consume in flakes
(abacha) 2.07 .51422 2.43 .57589 1.00 .00000 1.35 .79701 1.71 .79126
Use as cassava chips 1.00 .00000 1.00 .00000 1.07 .26450 2.54 1.0682 1.40 .85674
Consume as value
added: bread, cake, 1.17 .49081 1.34 .47626 1.15 .40272 1.08 .44122 1.19 .46258
Tapioca 1.00 .00000 1.00 .00000 3.23 .82465 1.17 .37424 1.59 1.0453
Grand mean 1.70 1.82 1.82 2.00 1.84
Table 1: Frequency of consumption and Usage of pro vitamin A cassava Products

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Products Preference Imo State Anambra State Delta State AkwaIbom State Pooled
X SD X SD X SD X SD X SD
Garri:
Colour 2.98 .1825 2.98 .1825 3.00 .0000 2.97 .2034 2.98 .1574
Mould ability 1.90 .0000 3.00 .0000 1.98 .1285 2.90 .3279 2.36 .1959
Taste 2.98 .1825 2.98 .1825 2.95 .2188 2.90 .3279 2.93 .2589
Elasticity 1.98 .1825 2.98 .1825 1.92 .3218 2.68 .5018 2.38 .3454
Texture 2.98 .1825 2.98 .1825 3.00 .0000 2.93 .3104 2.97 .1922
Fufu:
Colour 3.00 .0000 2.94 .2353 3.00 .0000 2.93 .2820 2.96 .1858
Mould ability 2.95 .2006 1.96 .1802 1.00 .0000 2.87 .3793 2.25 .2365
Taste 2.98 .1285 2.98 .1285 3.00 .0000 2.89 .3619 2.96 .2064
Elasticity 2.97 .1567 1.98 .1285 1.90 .0000 2.74 .4762 2.32 .2791
Texture 3.00 .0000 2.98 .1285 3.00 .0000 2.91 .3326 2.97 .1811
Flakes (abacha)
Mouth feel 1.84 .3666 1.98 .1285 1.27 .5179 2.80 .4901 2.02 .4862
Colour 2.95 .2189 2.98 .1285 2.51 .5342 2.83 .4364 2.82 .4101
Taste 2.55 .4988 2.98 .1285 2.59 .5869 2.77 .4756 2.72 .4862
Flour
Texture 2.07 .26450 2.21 .4137 2.26 .4440 2.61 .5374 2.29 .4694
Colour 2.22 .41933 2.15 .3665 2.14 .3501 2.64 .5313 2.29 .4685
Value added
products: bread
Taste 2.20 .4016 2.20 .4078 2.05 .2687 2.15 .38128 2.15 .3728
Crispness 2.19 .3952 2.10 .3121 2.05 .2687 2.19 .4159 2.13 .3566
Aroma 2.30 .4601 2.07 .2645 2.05 .2687 2.10 .3379 2.13 .3545
Colour 2.15 .3665 2.10 .3121 2.05 .2687 2.14 .3734 2.11 .3341
Mouth feel 2.33 .47338 2.10 .3121 2.05 .2687 2.19 .4159 2.17 .3894
Tapioca 1.00 .0000 1.03 .1802 2.98 .1285 1.31 .3671 1.58 .4812
Grand Mean 2.20 2.20 2.26 2.40 2.49
Table 2: Consumers’ preference and acceptability of pro vitamin A cassava products

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Factors influencing
consumption
Imo State Anambra State Delta State AkwaIbom State Pooled
X SD X SD X SD X SD X SD
It has health benefits. 4.25 .4348 4.31 .4637 4.51 .5020 3.91 .8300 4.24 .6172
It is highly nutritious 4.22 .4193 4.18 .3886 4.51 .5020 4.44 .6584 4.34 .5202
It is good for diabetes patients. 3.89 .4259 4.18 .3886 4.29 .4564 4.20 .6298 4.14 .5054
Always available, affordable,
and accessible.
2.85 .8059 4.07 .4976 2.94 .9907 4.02 .7668 3.49 .9584
Good for obsessed people. 3.83 .5239 4.03 .2220 3.70 .6430 3.81 .7702 3.84 .5874
Very simple to process 4.03 .4287 4.00 .0000 3.89 .4815 3.85 .6693 3.94 .4693
It has good colour 3.82 .4848 4.03 .1568 3.88 .4335 4.17 .5528 3.96 .4483
It has good texture 3.33 .9716 4.09 .2898 3.23 1.133 4.19 .5233 3.71 .9129
It is palatable 3.69 .7077 4.01 .0911 3.82 .6349 4.27 .6181 3.95 .6072
Grand mean 3.77 4.1 3.67 4.1 3.96
Table 3: Factors influencing consumption of pro vitamin A cassava products among Farmers

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0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5 4.1
3.2 3.5
4.2 4.3
3.3
• Constraints

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Table 4: Duncan’s multiple range tests for level of consumption form of pro
vitamin A cassava across the states.
States R Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error F-value Sig.
Imo State 120 1.9150a .27700 .01264
Anambra State 120 1.9961ab .34223 .03124
Delta State 120 1.9150a .27700 .01264
AkwaIbom 120 2.1426ab .19011 .01735
Total 480 1.9150 .27700 .01264 92.12 .000***

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Conclusion
The study concluded that there
were low levels of consumption
of pro-vitamin A tapioca, flakes, bread,
chin-chin, cake, boons and
doughnuts among rural
households across the states.
 There were differences in the
level of consumption of all the
products across the states,
though with AkwaIbom as
the only state having high
consumption.

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Therefore, I recommend increase
in the production of value added
products: bread, chin-chin, cake,
boons to boost the consumption.
Also, there is need for promotional
activities, such as field days and
nutritional information campaigns
to boost consumption and achieve
the focus on eradicating VAD through
a cheaper cost effective sustainable
means accessible to even the rural
poorer households in Nigeria.
Recommendation

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THANKS FOR LISTENING

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