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WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN
Modeling the cement industry - Energy flows
connected to material flows and production processes
Michel Dominik Obrist :: PhD Student :: Paul Scherrer Institute
ETSAP-Workshop :: 17.12.2020
Presenter’s Profile
Page 2
Michel Dominik Obrist
Born 05.04.1989
PhD Student at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (CH)
Laboratory for Energy System Analysis (LEA)
Energy Economics Group
Contact: michel.obrist@psi.ch
+41 56 310 26 91
Education:
Sep 09 – Sep 12: BSc in Mechanical Engineering
University of Applied Sciences, Windisch (CH)
Sep 16 – Sep 18: MSc in Sustainable Energy
Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (DK)
• TIMES based demand model of cement industry subsector
• Scope:
− Cement sector in Switzerland
− Analysis until 2050
• Exogenous inputs:
− Prices of the energy carrier from national energy system model (STEM)
− Cement demand
− Scenario analysis with energy efficiency target, CO2 tax and CO2 cap
• Plan is to connect the subsector model to the national energy system model
General description of the model
Page 3
• Previous modelling technique
Methodology – Modeling technique
Page 4
Space heat
Process heat
Mechanical drives
Lighting
Others
Model
Electricity
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Waste
Biomass
Hydrogen
Wood pellets
Energy carrier
Energy service
demand
• Previous modelling technique
Methodology – Modeling technique
Page 5
Space heat
Process heat
Mechanical drives
Lighting
Others
Electricity
Coal
Natural gas
Oil
Waste
Biomass
Hydrogen
Wood pellets
Energy carrier
Energy service
demand
Methodology – Modeling technique
Page 6
Methodology – Modeling technique
Page 7
With the new modeling technique, the model can account for:
• Specific energy efficiency improvements of single process steps
− Mills with higher energy efficiency
− Kilns with better insulation
• Process related improvements
− Waste heat recovery
• Material efficiency enhancement
− Clinker ratio in cement
− Reuse of demolished concrete as supplementary cementitious material
• Process related emissions
− CO2 emissions from chemical conversion of limestone into clinker
Advantages
Page 8
Scope of the model
Page 9
Burner Technologies
Page 10
• Absorbtion with monoethanolamine (MEA)
− CO2 is absorbed by aqueous menoethanolamine solvent
− Requires considerable amount of heat for solvent regeneration
• Chilled ammonia process
− CO2 is adsorbed by chilled ammonia as solvent
− Heat is required for solvent regeneration and ammonia recovery
• Calcium Looping – Tail end
− Based on the carbonation reaction CaO + CO2  CaCO3
− Implementation of steam cycle using waste heat is possible
• Oxyfuel process
− Combustion is performed with oxygen and CO2
− Process needs to be modified
− Possibility to implement ORC because of the hot exhaust air
CCS technologies
Page 11
Result highlights - CCS technologies
Page 12
[1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)
• CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until
2050 compared to 2015
• CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until
2050 compared to 2015
Result highlights – Kiln technologies
Page 13
[1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)
Results highlights – Energy consumption per
production step (BAU)
Page 14
• Detailed model of the Swiss cement sector with material flows and production
processes connected to conventional energy flows
• With the model we were able to show:
− Energy consumption decreases (3.0 GJ/tcement in 2015 to 2.3 GJ/tcement in 2050)
− CO2 emissions decrease (579 kgCO2/tcement in 2015 to 466 kgCO2/tcement in 2050)
− Drastic reduction of the CO2 emissions requires CCS technologies and a
minimum tax of 70 EUR/tCO2
Summary and conclusion
Page 15
The full scenario analysis with all results is
available in our publication:
Obrist M., Kannan R., Schmidt T.J., Kober T.
2020. Decarbonization pathways of the Swiss
cement industry towards net zero emissions.
Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI:
10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125413
Page 16
Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen
My thanks go to my
supervisors
• Dr. Tom Kober
• Dr. Kannan
Ramachandran
• Prof. Dr. Thomas
Schmidt
Contact:
michel.obrist@psi.ch
+41 56 310 26 91

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Modelling the cement industry - Energy flows connected to material flows and production processes

  • 1. WIR SCHAFFEN WISSEN – HEUTE FÜR MORGEN Modeling the cement industry - Energy flows connected to material flows and production processes Michel Dominik Obrist :: PhD Student :: Paul Scherrer Institute ETSAP-Workshop :: 17.12.2020
  • 2. Presenter’s Profile Page 2 Michel Dominik Obrist Born 05.04.1989 PhD Student at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (CH) Laboratory for Energy System Analysis (LEA) Energy Economics Group Contact: michel.obrist@psi.ch +41 56 310 26 91 Education: Sep 09 – Sep 12: BSc in Mechanical Engineering University of Applied Sciences, Windisch (CH) Sep 16 – Sep 18: MSc in Sustainable Energy Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby (DK)
  • 3. • TIMES based demand model of cement industry subsector • Scope: − Cement sector in Switzerland − Analysis until 2050 • Exogenous inputs: − Prices of the energy carrier from national energy system model (STEM) − Cement demand − Scenario analysis with energy efficiency target, CO2 tax and CO2 cap • Plan is to connect the subsector model to the national energy system model General description of the model Page 3
  • 4. • Previous modelling technique Methodology – Modeling technique Page 4 Space heat Process heat Mechanical drives Lighting Others Model Electricity Coal Natural gas Oil Waste Biomass Hydrogen Wood pellets Energy carrier Energy service demand
  • 5. • Previous modelling technique Methodology – Modeling technique Page 5 Space heat Process heat Mechanical drives Lighting Others Electricity Coal Natural gas Oil Waste Biomass Hydrogen Wood pellets Energy carrier Energy service demand
  • 6. Methodology – Modeling technique Page 6
  • 7. Methodology – Modeling technique Page 7
  • 8. With the new modeling technique, the model can account for: • Specific energy efficiency improvements of single process steps − Mills with higher energy efficiency − Kilns with better insulation • Process related improvements − Waste heat recovery • Material efficiency enhancement − Clinker ratio in cement − Reuse of demolished concrete as supplementary cementitious material • Process related emissions − CO2 emissions from chemical conversion of limestone into clinker Advantages Page 8
  • 9. Scope of the model Page 9
  • 11. • Absorbtion with monoethanolamine (MEA) − CO2 is absorbed by aqueous menoethanolamine solvent − Requires considerable amount of heat for solvent regeneration • Chilled ammonia process − CO2 is adsorbed by chilled ammonia as solvent − Heat is required for solvent regeneration and ammonia recovery • Calcium Looping – Tail end − Based on the carbonation reaction CaO + CO2  CaCO3 − Implementation of steam cycle using waste heat is possible • Oxyfuel process − Combustion is performed with oxygen and CO2 − Process needs to be modified − Possibility to implement ORC because of the hot exhaust air CCS technologies Page 11
  • 12. Result highlights - CCS technologies Page 12 [1] Obrist M. et al. (2020) • CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until 2050 compared to 2015
  • 13. • CAP-80 scenario targets a linear reduction of the CO2 emissions by 80% until 2050 compared to 2015 Result highlights – Kiln technologies Page 13 [1] Obrist M. et al. (2020)
  • 14. Results highlights – Energy consumption per production step (BAU) Page 14
  • 15. • Detailed model of the Swiss cement sector with material flows and production processes connected to conventional energy flows • With the model we were able to show: − Energy consumption decreases (3.0 GJ/tcement in 2015 to 2.3 GJ/tcement in 2050) − CO2 emissions decrease (579 kgCO2/tcement in 2015 to 466 kgCO2/tcement in 2050) − Drastic reduction of the CO2 emissions requires CCS technologies and a minimum tax of 70 EUR/tCO2 Summary and conclusion Page 15 The full scenario analysis with all results is available in our publication: Obrist M., Kannan R., Schmidt T.J., Kober T. 2020. Decarbonization pathways of the Swiss cement industry towards net zero emissions. Journal of Cleaner Production, DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125413
  • 16. Page 16 Wir schaffen Wissen – heute für morgen My thanks go to my supervisors • Dr. Tom Kober • Dr. Kannan Ramachandran • Prof. Dr. Thomas Schmidt Contact: michel.obrist@psi.ch +41 56 310 26 91