Technical paper 2

1. Sustainable Development Synergies and
Co-benefits of Low-carbon Transport
Measures
Manfred Breithaupt, GIZ
EcoMobility World Festival 2015
Johannesburg, South Africa

2. Low-carbon transport as trigger for sustainable development
• Transport energy consumption could be 40-50% lower compared to
the current levels only by using readily available and cost effective
measures (IEA 2014)
• In addition to being cost-effective, low-carbon transport also has the
potential to generate a number of sustainable development benefits

3. Co-benefits for key climate change mitigation measures
• An integrated policy approach that combines measures to avoid travel
by keeping trips short, shifts trips to low-carbon transport modes and
improves transport technologies can generate synergies between
various objectives and avoid trade-offs
• Technology focused strategies are more likely to generate trade-offs
and have a smaller potential for synergies

4. AVOID
Reducing the need to travel
SHIFT
Changing mode choice
IMPROVE
Increasing the energy efficiency of vehicles,
fuels and transport operations
Carlos Pardo, 2008
Claudio Varano, 2004 2010

5. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Energy security is a key policy objective on
the national level and transport plays a major
role in this due to its almost complete
dependence on petroleum products.
• Reducing imports of fossil fuel products has a
direct impact on the terms of trade and
overall economic efficiency.

6. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Congestion is a major issue in many urban
areas of developing cities and creates
substantial economic cost.
• For example, it accounts for around 3.4%
in Dakar and 4% in Manila, 3.3% to 5.3%
in Beijing, China, up to 6% in Bangkok and
up to 10% in Lima

7. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Improved access and re-allocating
space from roads and parking to
more people centred-activities can
significantly improve the quality of
live in cities.

8. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Improved reliability of travel times for
both people and freight can also
contribute substantially the attractiveness
of cities and the ease of doing businesses.
This can sometimes be achieved by cost
effient measures such as creating bus
lanes (e.g. 470 km of excl bus lanes in Sao
Paulo during last 2 years)

9. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Air quality is a major issue to which low-carbon
transport can make a positive contribution by
reducing vehicle engine emissions such as sulphur
oxides (SOx), nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide
(CO), hydrocarbons (HC), volatile organic compounds
(VOC), toxic metals, and particulate matter (PM)
• Example: Bogota s TransMilenio saved annually aprox
1 million tCO2 , besides a considerable reducion of
other external costs, suc as a reduction of 43 % in
SO2, 18 % in Nox, and 12 % in PM Turner, 2012)

10. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Health benefits of non-motorized transport
(NMT) by cycling and walking significantly
outweigh the risks due to pollution inhalation
• Example: Walking and Cycling in Copenhagen
leads to improved health through increased
physical activity, generating economic health
benefits of about 2 billion DDK (around 270
million Euro) annually

11. Opportunities for sustainable development benefits
• Road safety is a major issue as road
accidents killed around 1.27 million in 2011,
over 90% in low-income countries. In
addition, between 20 to 50 million people
suffer serious injuries annually.
• Example: Trans Milenio system in Bogota
reduces commuting times by a third,
improves access and reduces accidents on
BRT corridors by almost 90%

12. Sustainable development potential of low-carbon transport
• A range of policy, technology and
infrastructure measures are readily
available to initiate the transition to a
low-carbon transport system
• Key factor for success is the
combination and integration of
measures and impact assessments
can be an important guide on this
• National and local policy measures
and strategies that address transport
Activity, Structure, Intensity and Fuels

13. Main Components of Sustainable Transport
• Public Transport with
priority over all other
modes on the road
• Non-motorised transport
• Creating/conserving
public space
• PT Integration
• TDM measures
• Vehicle Technologies
Do you see these factors here?

14. Activity
• Reduction and management: short
distances, compact cities and mixed use
• Potential to reduce energy consumption
by 10 to 30%
• Co-benefits: Reduced travel times;
improved air quality, public health, safety
and more equitable access

15. Structure
• Shift to more energy efficient modes
(Public Transport, Walking and Cycling
• Potential of up to 30% reductions
• Co-benefits: Reduced urban congestion
and more equitable access

16. Intensity
• Vehicle fuel efficiency (more efficient
Internal Combustion Engines)
• Efficiency improvement of 40-60% by
2030 feasible at low or negative costs
• Co-benefits: Improved energy security,
productivity and affordability

17. Fuels
• Switch to electricity, hydrogen, CNG,
biofuels and other fuels
• Emission theoretical reduction
potential, with greater costs and
uncertainties
• Co-benefits: Diversification of the fuels
used contributes to climate, air quality
and/or energy security objectives

18. Case studies: Congestion charging in Singapore
• Public transport patronage increased by
45% , 25% decrease in road site accidents,
and average travel speeds increasing from
about 20 km/h to 30 km/h
• The system has been constantly upgraded
and a number of supporting measures
introduced. This led to public transport
having a modal share of over 60% in daily
traffic

19. Case studies: Metro in Delhi
• The metro in Delhi was estimated to lead
to an overall reduction of 2.3% (about
115 ktCO2-eq.) in CO2 emissions in the
initial phase, with the potential of
reductions up to 10% (463 ktCO2-eq)
• Air pollution was estimated to amount
to lower emissions of NOx (1143t to
2887t), PM (163t to 325t), CO (6545t to
13,089t) and HC (1951t to 3902t)

20. Building coalitions for sustainable transport and climate
change mitigation
• Vital for the success of long-term policy and
infrastructure decisions is support from key political
players, stakeholders and the wider public.

21. Generating synergies: next steps
• Reach out to relevant stakeholders
• Find partners to support you and develop coalitions
• Use the potential for co-benefits to address objectives of key players
• Initiate public participation
• Keep up the momentum
• Do not wait until nearly everyone agrees. That will never happen.
Successful pilots show the potential and can be quickly scaled up.
Learning from pilots is key, such as the examples from Curitiba, London,
Paris,Copenhagen, Bogota, SFO and other cities have shown.

22. Non-European
Cities:
 Bogotá
 Curitiba
Singapore
Tokyo
Europe:
 Zurich
 Vienna
Amsterdam
 Groningen
 Copenhagen
 Freiburg
Muenster
London
International Experiences reg livable Cities
All of these successes featured an integrated and packaged approach:
1. High-quality public transport
2. Improved conditions for walking and bicycling
3. Effective integration of modes
4. Supportive land-use policies
5. Car-restriction measures