Dreaming Music Video Treatment _ Project & Portfolio III
Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart Agricultural Water Management
1. Just Add Water: Approaches to Smart
Agricultural Water Management
Rachael McDonnell, Sonali Senaratna Sellamuttu, Petra Schmitter
Building a research-for-development partnership for thriving
drylands in a changing climate
Madrid, 6th Dec 2019
3. • Water runs through every action track of the GCA report
• Water is the first and worst hit resource by climate change
• Water is vital and connects sectors
Global Commission on Adaptation - 2019
Chapter 2 Food Security and Smallholder Livelihoods
a) Help small-scale producers and most vulnerable manage risks
b) Policy coherence by making agriculture climate smart
Chapter 4 Water - actions tracks
a) Harness the power of nature and expand water infrastructure
b) Cope with scarcity by using water more productively
c) Prepare for a changing climate by planning for floods and
droughts
https://gca.org/global-commission-on-adaptation/report
4. Tackling climate change and water in Myanmar
o Vulnerable to climate
change [Global
Climate Risk Index–
ranked 2nd of 187
countries in 2016].
o Both droughts and
floods negatively
affect livelihoods and
economic
development
5. Change in Rainfall by 2050, 2070 and 2090 for rcp8.5
scenario
• 7 RCMs- Percentage of Annual rainfall change between 1986-2005
and 2031-2050, 2051-2070 and 2071-2090 respectively
7. 2) Increasing water availability
Caveats on small reservoirs
• Under the driest climate scenarios, small reservoirs perform marginally less well (< 4-
8%)1
• Small reservoir tend to underperform due to weak institutions, sedimentation,
poor site selection, inadequate maintenance2
Small reservoirs hold significant
untapped potential in sub-Saharan Africa1
Sources: 1 Giordano et al.(2012); 2Saruchera and Jonathan Lautze (2019); 3Amarasinghe et al. (2016); 4Owusu et al. (2017)
Manage aquifer recharge (MAR) is a promising storage
alternative for smallholders
Managed aquifer recharge can
• Utilize rains, floods, treated wastewater
• Replenish groundwater & enhance baseflows in rivers
• Reduce saltwater intrusion & land subsidence
Widespread suitability in Africa,
dependent on3
• Landscape characteristics
• Soil and aquifer properties
• Availability of surface water
32% of Northern Ghana4 suitable for MAR
Bhungroo MAR structure
369 million
people reached
$20 billion
revenue annually
22 million
hectares irrigated
8. Click to edit Master text styles
Irrigation development potential SSA:
• Large-scale: 15.2 million hectares1
• Farmer-led (MP): 29.7 million hectares2
185 million
people
reached
$22 billion
revenue
annually
Many technologies remain out of reach of smallholder farmers. Women and resource-poor
farmers are particularly disadvantaged.
Sources: 1 You et al. (2011); 2Xie et al. (2014)
9. 3) Bring innovations such as solar irrigation under
smarter water management
Sources: 1 Schmitter et al..(2018), Mansoor et al. (2019)
10. On-grid systems: Sell solar ‘as a crop’ to mitigate
overexploitation of groundwater & enhance incomes1
Off-grid systems: Can provide energy access, food and
livelihood security, access to water2
Benefits of the model
• Reliable day-time energy for irrigation
• Feed-in tariff for selling excess electricity to the grid
• Supplementary, counter-seasonal incomes for farmers
• Diversified, cleaner power grids
Benefits of the model
• Reduced prohibitive upfront
costs
• Relatively equal distribution
of risk amongst gov., lender
and borrower
• Tailored financing to farmers’
needs (e.g., repayment
schedules)
Pilot on- and off-grid solar solutions
Sources: 1 Shah et al. (2018); 2 Otoo et al. (2018)
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At IWMI we are tackling 3 high priority water challenges that cover food, climate and growth and this is also the basis of our work in the region (as well as in the Myanmar context).
Food – To improve food security will sustainably managing water resources and ecosystems.
Climate – To adapt to and mitigate climate change while building resilience to water related disasters and disruption.
Growth – To reduce poverty and advance inclusion with equality as agriculture transforms, energy transitions and urbanization intensifies.
At IWMI we are tacking 3 fundamental global water challenges, that cover food, climate and growth and this is also the basis of our work in the Asia region (in the Myanmar context).
How will food security be achieved for the AP’s expanding population (approx. 4.5 billion people) while lowering the environmental footprint of the food systems and conserving biodiversity and ecosystems?
Noting that this continues to be the world’s most disaster prone region How will Asia adapt to and mitigate climate change and build resilience?
How will growth become sustainable and inclusive, in the region – noting the fact that the region is undergoing rapid economic growth, and has the world’s fastest urbanization rate. But is home to more than 52% of global poor
Myanmar’s on-going political and economic transformation presents both opportunities and challenges for water management.
Although Myanmar has abundant water resources at the national scale, inability to access water and to manage increasing local variability of supply lies behind much of the prevailing poverty and food insecurity. Both droughts and floods negatively affect livelihoods and economic development. Rapid development and change is putting pressure on water resources, with emerging risks of cross-sectoral competition, over exploitation and pollution.
Myanmar is vulnerable to climate change [and there is increasing evidence that Myanmar is likely to experience a warmer climate in the future, with a longer summertime, heavier rainfall during the rainy season in some areas and higher annual precipitation overall].
Myanmar ranked second out of 183 countries most affected by extreme weather events [between 1995 and 2014] in the Global Climate Risk Index in 2015.
@ Stefan: I dont feel this slide fits in this presentation very well because most frequently small reservoirs and MAR are public investments and not farmer led investments however they can enable farmer led irrigation
However you could make the link to ways of increasing water availability in landscapes....
1 the potential development for large scale investment in SSA is 15.2 million ha and for small scale 34. 4 million ha
2 the potential devleopment for farmer led irrigation using motorized pumps and groundwater in SSA is 29.7 million ha, 185 million people and 22 billion revenue
The estimated addressable market
for solar water pumps today in
sub-Saharan Africa and India is
approximately USD 15.6 billion,
representing 4.9 million units (Solar Water Pump Outlook 2019: Global Trends and Market Opportunities).
The figure left shows you what is used in the model that is being updated at the moment to reduce uncertainty
The map on the right shows you the results from five scenarios with different water resources and pump capacity for Mali. (it is animated)
The team is currently updating the framework for SSA under a GIS project. The results will be available through an online platform which allows you to look at technical feasibiliy according to current agricultural systems, available water resources, solar irradiation and pump requirements (energy and lifting constraints) in an interactive way
On-grid:
Attention required to ensure:
Social inclusivity
Equitable benefits among the community
Equitable water access
Off-grid:
Attention required to ensure:
Social inclusivity
Sustainable abstraction
Regulatory and financial landscape can accommodate scaling
Irrigated value chain is strenghtened