Hazrat Abu Bakr Sidique R.A the 1st Caliph of Islam
1. 1st Caliph
Hz. Abu Bakr Sidique R.A
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• Next in Series
• Rest of three Rightful Caliphs
2. Biography, 573-634AD , aged 61.
He remained caliph for 2 years, 7 months.
He is buried beside Prophet .ﷺ
He was educated & a rich merchant. Through his influence many distinguished persons were
converted to Islam.
Her Daughter Hz. Ayesha R.A is married to prophet, so she is mother of believers (umul-
momineen).
He spent 40,000 to free slaves during 1st 3 Nabvis.
He was involved in several campaigns such as the Uhud, Trench, Invasion of Banu Qurayza, Battle of
Khaybar, the Conquest of Mecca, the Hunayn, the Siege of Ta'if, and the Battle of Tabuk. He also
participated in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah.
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3. Acceptance of Islam
Once he traveled to Syria on business. While there, he had a dream in which he saw the sun and the moon
descend from the sky and fall onto his lap. He took hold of them, placed them against his chest, and then stored
them in a sheet. In the morning, he met with a Christian priest and sought an interpretation to the dream. Hz.
Abu Bakr told him his name, his tribe & his livelihood.
The priest then said, “So listen carefully: The Final Prophet, Muhammad, has arrived, and he is from your tribe. If it
wasn’t for him, Allah wouldn’t have created the Earth, the Heavens, or even another prophet. He’s the leader of
whatever came first and whatever comes last. O Abu Bakr! Soon you’ll join this deen and become both a minister
and a viceroy of it. This is the dream’s interpretation. Listen too, that I’ve read the praise of this Prophet in the
Torah and in the Bible, and I’ve already brought Imaan upon him and accepted Islam – only I haven’t revealed this
yet to the Christians out of fear.”Hearing this, the love for Prophet began to grow within him, & he went back to
Makah.
The Prophet saw him and said, “Abu Bakr! You’ve come. Now quickly enter the religion of truth.” Abu Bakr replied,
“Fine, but I’d like to see a miracle.”
The Prophet said, “Whatever you saw in Syria, and its interpretation by the priest, was solely my miracle.” Hz. Abu
Bakr replied” You’ve spoken the truth, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
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4. His Father took him to the Temple
Once in his childhood, his father took him to a temple and said, ‘These are your gods, prostrate to
them, Abu Bakr(R.A)said to idol, ‘I am hungry, give me food, I have no clothes, give me clothes, I will
throw a stone; if you are a god, protect yourself.’ He threw a stone at the idol and it fell to the ground.
On seeing that, his father became angry and slapped him. When his father told this incident to her
mother, her mother replied don’t say anything to him because this child is not going to prostrate
before idols. He is the one who stops those who prostrates before idols. My mother said that when I
used to perform any kind of housework I didn’t feel any pain but when I went to temple to prostrate,
this child used to get contracted in my womb and didn’t allow me to prostrate. I was surprised what’s
the matter? Then a voice came from sky that congratulations to you because the child in your womb
is the companion of the last prophet and his name has “sidique” been announced in skies.
Hazrat Umar inquired prophet that Hz Abu Bakr was only of 4 years, he didn’t knew what had
happened, instantaneously Hz Jibreel came who told prophet that Abu Bakr is truthful.
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5. Very 1st Open Speech in public
In 4th Nabvi when he began to deliver his speech, the disbelievers attacked the Muslims, Abu
Bakr(R.A) got injured badly & became unconscious. People began to think that may be Abū
Bakr(R.A) would not survive. Then in the evening, when he recovered, the first words he uttered
were, ‘How is the Prophet ﷺ ?’, he was rebuked by the people who said, ‘You are in this condition
because you supported him, even then you are still calling his name!’ Her mother brought food
for him but he said, ‘I swear by Allah, I will not eat or drink anything until I see Prophet ﷺ . So her
mother took him to the prophet ﷺ . Abū Bakr(R.A) embraced the Beloved Prophet ﷺ and began
to weep. Then he said to Prophet ﷺ ‘This is my respected mother, please pray for her to be
guided and give her the invitation to Islam.’ On invitation of Islam, she became Muslim
immediately!
When prophet ﷺ asked Muslims to migrate to Abyssinia, Abu Bakr RA was going to migrate, but
then his friend Rabia gave him protection. When Quraished told him about Prophet ﷺ s’ night
journey, he replied “if prophet ﷺ said so then its true”, so he got title ‘Siddique’ (One who speaks
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6. Medina migration
When Prophet ﷺ got order to migrate to medina, prophet went out of his house, it was time of late
night, he saw that Abu Bakr(R.A) had 2 camels ready. Prophet inquired who informed you about
migration. He replied that Prophet do you remember that night when you said that Allah will order
You to migrate and when You will start migration You will choose a companion therefore since that
day I used to stand by your doors at night. He asked prophet to make him a companion. Then they
went to Cave sour. Abdullah, the son of Abu Bakr(R.A), would listen to the plans Quraysh, and at night
he would carry the news to the fugitives in the cave. Asma RA, the daughter of Abu Bakr RA, brought
them meals every day. Aamir, a servant of Abu Bakr RA, would bring a flock of goats to the mouth of
the cave every night where they were milked.
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7. Settled in Cave Saur
Abū Bakr(R.A)went into the cave, cleaned it and filled all the holes that were present over there. He
was unable to find anything to fill the last two holes so he plugged them with his blessed feet, then he
requested Prophet ﷺ to come in.
Prophet ﷺ rested his head in the lap of Abū Bakr(R.A)and began to sleep. There was a snake in the
cave who bit the foot of Ṣiddīq Al-Akbar RA, but he remained completely motionless and silent
despite the intense pain. However, due to the intense level of pain, tears began to flow unintentionally
from his eyes. When some tears fell on prophet ’ﷺs face, he awoke and asked, ‘O Abū Bakr RA, Why
are you crying?’ Abu Bakr(R.A)told him about all the incident of the snake. Prophet ﷺ rubbed his
blessed saliva on the part of the foot that had been bitten and the wound healed up immediately.’
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8. Physical Protection of Cave
When disbelievers of the Quraīsh saw the nest and the eggs of the pigeon at edge of the cave, they began
to say, ‘If there were any people here, the spider would not have cast its web, nor would the pigeon have
laid its eggs.’ Hearing their sound, Sayyidunā Ṣiddīq(R.A)became worried and said, ‘if they were to look at
their feet, they would see us.’ The Prophet ﷺ said: Grieve not, no doubt Allah is with us. What fear did
Hazrat Abu Bakr Had? He was not concerned about him but he was concerned and worried about
prophet, otherwise he would not have placed his feet in the mouth of snake and he would not have fought
with infidels for prophet. When Hazrat Musa saw the magicians ropes turning into snakes he feared then
Allah said to him don’t be afraid, at that time he was concerned about himself but here Hazrat Abu bakr
was not worried about himself but for prophet.
They left the cave, Abu Bakr(R.A)would sometimes walk in front of the Prophet ﷺ and sometimes behind.
The Prophet ﷺ asked the reason, He replied ‘When I think about those who are searching for us, I move
behind you, and when I think about the hidden enemies waiting to ambush, I move in front of you, so that
no harm can reach you. ’Prophet ﷺ then asked, ‘In case of danger, would you prefer to die before me in
my place?’ He replied, ‘By Allah! This is my only desire.’
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9. Gave everything in path of Allah
At the occasion of Ghazwaĥ-e-Tabūk the Prophet ﷺ ordered the wealthy Muslims to generously
donate their wealth for Jihad for the sake of Allah-so that the food and conveyance could be arranged
for the warriors. Abu Bakr(R.A)presented all of his wealth. Prophet ﷺ asked, ‘Did you leave anything for
your household?’ He replied, ‘I have left Allah and His Prophet ﷺ for them.’ (I.e. Allah and His Beloved
Prophet ﷺ are enough for me and my family).
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10. During battle his son confronted him
When Abdul Rahman (R.A) became a Muslim he told his father that on the day of the battle of Badr,
he had on several occasions come within a striking distance, but he went the other way. Abu
Bakr(R.A)said that if he had such an opportunity, he would not have spared him. In siege of Taif, son of
Abu Bakr RA, Abdullah(R.A)was hit by an arrow due to which he died.
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11. At the time of accession
Designating Abu Bakr(R.A)to lead the Muslims in prayer in his last days when he was too ill to lead the
prayer. Prophet ﷺ also appointed to Abu Bakr(R.A)to lead the pilgrimage to Mecca.
Many tribes apostatized and refused to pay Zakat. Many false prophets rose.
Due to illness of prophet ,ﷺ Usama bin zaid (R.A) was not able to go for Syria expedition. After
prophet ’ﷺs death Abu Bakr (R.A)sent his army to Syria.
Some tribes were not prepared to pay Zakat. Hz. Abu Bakr said if they withheld, even as much as
string to tie a camel, he would fight against them.
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12. Campaigns against the apostates
(Rida Wars)
The commanders were instructed that before taking any action against an apostate tribe it should be called
upon to return to Islam.
There were many wars fought and these apostasy campaigns ended within short period of six months,
most of the people were readmitted to Islam after these wars.
Most famous battle is Battle of Yamam, in which 700 Hafiz sahaba martyered. Hz. Abu Bakr had made a law
that those sahaba who took part in the battle of badr are an asset to islam hence they should not take part
in any battle, but in this battle he broke his own law and said no matter if you took part in Badr or not
everyone should go to war.
This war was fought against Muselma Kazaab who claimed himself prophet, Muselma was killed and rest of
the people were readmitted to islam.
After the huge loss of Hufaz sahaba Hz. Umr suggested Hz. Abu Bakr to compile Quran.
During one of these battle Hz. Khalid(R.A) was charged of murdering a Muslim (Malik), he said if according
to Prophet ﷺ , He was the Sword of Allah, how could such sword fall on the neck of a Muslim. Hence he
was not sued.
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13. Battles with Byzantine & Persian
Empires
Many conquest were paved down in
Persia and Byzantine Empire.
This figure shows the area ruled by
different caliphs.
I is added by Hz. Abu Bakr.
II is added by Hz. Umar.
III is added by Hz. Usman.
IV is added by Hz. Ali.
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14. Death
He would not take salary from state treasury instead he preferred to run his own business, Hz. Umar
said if you would run your own business how would you be able to run the state so On the advice of
Umar (R.A) Hz. Abu Bakr had agreed to have a salary from state treasury.
On the day of the apparent passing of Hz. Abu Bakr there was no oil in the house to light the lamp,
there was not even enough money in the house to buy a shroud.
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