1. Sustainability quantified
EU and Dutch Waste Management & Recycling Technology
and what it can do for Brasil
Erik de Baedts
International Solid Waste Association (ISWA)
Municipal Waste Europe (MWE)
Royal Dutch Waste Management Association (NVRD)
June 2012

2. AGENDA
Sustainability and relevance of waste management
Green economic development and the role of waste management
Waste management and recycling best practices in Europe
Impact of waste management quantified, the Dutch example
Impact of technology in reach for emerging economies like Brasil
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3. Global situation
Production, consumption and…

4. Global situation
Production, consumption and… waste!

5. The end of our current production process…
90% landfilling in Brasil, no better in Asia & Africa
Health
Hygiene
Environment, Climate
Social Responsibility
=> Not sustainable
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6. Planetary Boundaries
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7. Urbanisation and use of resources
More urbanisation to megacities
More use of material resources
(it’s not just energy stupid ;-)
Yet collection and recycling of
resources is more difficult in
(mega-)cities with highrise

8. Scarce resources
De Afvalbranche is de ‘bewaker’ van de waarde van
hulpbronnen en materialen: Hoe kan deze rol het beste
ingevuld worden?

9. Towards a green economy
Textile Aluminium Electronics X/Y/Z Instruments
Design Ecodesign
Design Resources
Resources Producers
Carpet / Sector
Responsibility?
Fashion Design
Production Production
Reimbursement
Industry
schemes?
Retail Marketing
Consumption
Positive
Consumption Consumption triggers?
- Knowledge
Waste Management - Sorting (treatment)
- Logistics
2009 © NVRD

10. Relevance Waste & Recycling
Motor of the green economy, with cross-cutting impact
 Beeld Radertjes invoegen.
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11. Chain Management
Changing the dynamics
through WASTE

12. Recycling society and economy
including Producers Responsibility
Purchase
products
Producer
Consumer/ citizen
Reuse of waste
Disposal
resources
Recycling
resource

13. EU Approach: The Waste Hierarchy
Instead of landfilling shift to sorting and recycling,
organise sufficient but not too much waste to energy,
then focus on prevention and reuse

14. EU Approach: impact Waste Hierarchy
bottom-up CO2-impact
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15. EU Municipal waste treatment, EU-27, (kg /capita), 1995-2009

16. EU Municipal waste treated in 2009 by country
and treatment category, sorted by percentage, 2011

17. Waste treatment strategy by EU country groups, 2009

18. EU Development of municipal waste treatment, 1995 to 2009 by treatment
groups and category, (% kg per capita)

19. Trends and outlook Municipal Waste Management Europe
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20. Policy question: how does Europe as recycling society?
• Management of waste has improved
• Many countries are recycling and recovering more, but...
• More efforts are needed if the EU is to become a 'recycling society'.
• The majority of the waste (45 %) is still sent to landfill
• But an increasing amount is recycled (42 %) or incinerated (5 %).
• Municipal waste specifically landfilled 62 % (1995) down to > 38 % (2010)
• Frontrunners in NW-Europe
• Working to enhance demand for recycled materials
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21. Material use increasing in Europe, but less than GDP
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22. Recycling's current and potential contribution to meeting EU demand
for various materials, 2006

23. Total turnover of recycling of seven key recyclables in the EU
2004 and 2006–2009

24. People employed in recycling activities in the EU
per million inhabitants: the business
 Overall employment related to materials recovery in Europe increased
from 422 inhabitants per million in 2000 to 611 in 2007, increase of 45 %.
700
600
500
Recycling
400
Wholesale of waste
300 and scraps
200 Total
100
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
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25. The Example of Europe for the planet
Potential for scaling up
 What the EU has done:
– Regulation & investment in waste management
– Prevention, minimization, reuse, recycling
and energy recovery activities leading to
reductions in use of landfills.
 Significant GHG reduction potential:
– Municipal waste sector will be a net GHG
reducer in 2012-2020.
– Waste-related GHG emissions declined from
69 to 32 million tonnes of CO2 from 1990-2007
– EU is able to meet 18% of its Kyoto Protocol
target through the waste management sector.
 This can be replicated worldwide:
– UNEP (2010) on Waste and Climate Change:
– … the waste sector is in a unique position
to move from being a minor source of global
emissions to becoming a major saver of
emissions.

26. Trends and projections of GHG emissions from management of municipal waste in
the European Union

27. Quantification approach CO2-impact
 Qualified Researcher (IPCC-laureate professor)
Scientific perfomance figures
 Up to date review of figures
 Sounding board with sectoral expertise
to assess assumptions made
 Nationalwaste figures, based on energy impact
=> CO2 -impact
 For municipal household waste, bulky waste
and construction & demolition waste

28. Results waste & recycling for climate
CO2 Emissions to Atmosphere
Cement, lime Anaerobic Digestion
Ammonia Incineration
Plastics
Materials Waste
Extraction Processing Consumption
Production Management
Recycling and reuse
Natural
Waste
resources
CO2 from energy
CO2 from feedstock (fossil fuels, limestone)
CO2 from waste treatment (fossil and biomass) Courtesy Prof. E. Worrell

29. Results waste & recycling for climate
“Under the bonnet”

30. Dutch results recycling & climate
Recycling reduces emissions NL by 2 million t CO2/yr
Recycling+ Incineration+ Succesful current policy
2500 Roof waste
Mineral materials
CO2 emission savings against 2008 reference scenario
Wood
2000
Cardboard drinking packages
Polyvinylchloride
1500 PET
(ktonne CO2 /year)
Polystyrene
Polypropylene
1000
Polyethylene
Organic wastes
500 Copper
Aluminum
Steel
0
Textiles
Glass
-500 Paper and board

31. Dutch results in recycling & climate
.. And leads to annual energy savings of 20 PJ
Recycling+ Incineration+ Succesful current policy
25 Roof waste
Mineral materials
Energy savings against 2008 reference scenario
Wood
20
Cardboard drinking packages
Polyvinylchloride
15 PET
Polystyrene
(PJ/year)
Polypropylene
10
Polyethylene
Organic wastes
5 Copper
Aluminum
Steel
0
Textiles
Glass
-5 Paper and board

32. Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Summary scenario’s
 Baseline Brazil 2030: no change with 2010 only growth of GDP
 Brazilian Waste Law: draft goals on recycling and landfill gas
 Brazil: Recycling+:
Maximum Recycling combined with Waste to Energy
 The Netherlands: situation 2008
(Recycling combined with Waste to Energy)
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33. Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Elements scenario’s
 Collection:
– Baseline: little separation of recyclables
– Waste Law: two bin collection (wet – dry recyclables)
– Recycling+: two bin collection (wet – dry recyclables)
– NL: at source separation
 Treatment:
– Baseline: little recycling, landfill / open dump
– Waste Law: recycling dry, composting of biowaste, rejects
to landfill
– Recycling+: recycling dry, anaerobic digestion biowaste,
rejects W2E
– NL: recycling part of dry, digestion & composting, W2E
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34. Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Landfill – Waste to Energy - Recycling
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35. Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
GreenHouseGas-emissions (MtCO2eq/yr)
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36. Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Results CO2-emission savings
household waste per inhabitant
2010 -> 2030 Waste Law Recycling+ NL 2008
Kg / inh 378 -> 490 490 490 499
% recycling 7% 42% 67% 50%
% W2E - - 33% 47%
% landfill 93% 58% - 3%
GHG emis. 16 -> 26 -28 -57 -2
(Mt CO2-eq.)
kg CO2-eq. 268 -300 -590 -280
per ton waste
kg per capita 101 -> 131 -146 -291 -140
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37. Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Sharing experience / skills / technology
 Waste collection – logistics, systems, separation of recyclables
 Materials Recycling Facility (MRF)
 Treatment biowaste
(anaerobic digestion with energy recovery and composting)
 Waste to Energy (W2E)
 Landfill gas recovery
 Waste experience in regulation, financing and communication
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38. Businesswise, the CO2-market
Financing CO2-potential of recycling
Recycling+ business Value on the CO2 Market; global or within Brazil
2012 2020 2030
Materials % Mton CO2 $ 10/ton CO2 $ 20/ton CO2 $ 30/ton CO2
Paper and board 14,7% -9.027 90.266.214 180.532.429 270.798.643
Glass 2,8% -1.25 1.253.406 2.506.813 3.760.219
Organic waste 54,9% -5.526 55.255.520 110.511.039 165.766.559
Textiles 1,8% -1.266 12.660.116 25.320.231 37.980.347
Steel 1,3% -1.788 17.881.468 35.762.937 53.644.405
Aluminum 0,4% -1.356 13.559.932 27.119.864 40.679.796
PE (hard) 1,9%
-28.303 283.030.360 566.060.720 849.091.080
PE (film) 15,0%
PP 1,9% -3.889 38.890.123 77.780.245 116.670.368
PET 1,5% -4.620 46.200.172 92.400.344 138.600.516
Tetrapak 1,4% -628 6.283.734 12.567.468 18.851.201
Wood 0,3% -209 2.086.852 4.173.704 6.260.556
Stone-like material 0,8% 24 -237.562 -475.124 -712.686
Other 1,3% 0 0 0
Total -56.713 USD 567.130.335 USD 1.134.260.670 USD 1.701.391.005
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39. Example
ISWA Publication award winner 2010
UN-Habitat Human settlements Programme
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40. Ideally we need chain management:
cooperation based on waste as trigger,
with a view to
more sustainable ways of
production and consumption
through Recycling & Waste to Energy.
But for now:
Waste & Recycling technology
is available and fundable

41. Alliances for sustainable production and consumption
Government PLATFORM
(UN: UNEP/UNDP,
UNFCCC [GCF], EU) Design
Design Resources Ecodesign
Industry
I.D.N. International Resources
Producers
Designers Network Fashion / Sector
Carpet Design Responsibilty
F.G.I. Fashion Group Int. Production Production
C.E. Consumer Electronics
Association (www.ce.org) Industry Reimbursement?
Retail Marketing
NGO’S
Positive triggers
E.E.B. European Consumption
Environmental Bureau Consumption Consumption
Greenpeace?
BEUC (Consumers) Drivers apart from public or
corporate responsibility: From Cradle
Academia
•Innovation & Technology to practice
Waste Management
ISWA •Economic Sustainability
•A competitive advantage

42. Contact Information
ISWA Headquarters, Vienna Austria
Tel: +1 43 1 253 6001
Email: iswa@iswa.org
www.iswa.org
NVRD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31 88 3770000
Email: post@nvrd.nl ; debaedts@nvrd.nl
www.nvrd.nl (Key factors Dutch success)