3. Accomplished
• Post war world.
• “…all men in all lands may live out their
lives in freedom from fear and want.”
• A system of “general security” (collective).
15. Accomplished
• Atlee and Truman are new.
• Four power control over Germany.
• Disagreements over “spheres of influence”.
• Disagreements over Polish question, fate of
Germany.
• Cold War begins.
16.
17.
18. Results of World War II
• Political:
– End of fascism, but still in Spain & Portugal
– Bipolar world
– Territorial changes:
• Russia gains
• Japan loses (occupied by USA)
• Italy loses
• Germany divided (occupied by four powers)
• Austria divided (as Germany) 1955 made whole
19. – Cold War starts:
• Western allies demobilize in Europe, but
• Soviets become an army of occupation not liberation
– UN created.
• Economic Results:
– Huge cost
– Economic cooperation:
• EEC
• GATT/WTO/World Bank (Dumbarton Oaks)
• Comecon (Eastern Bloc)
• Cominform replaces Comintern
24. List of Crimes
• War crimes: violations of laws of war.
• Crimes against peace: “…planning…
waging a war of aggression in violation of
int’l treaties…”
• Crimes against humanity: genocide.
• Conspiracy: leaders, organizers, etc
responsible for acts performed by
individuals.
25. In Germany
• 21 charged:
– 11 were executed
– 3 acquitted.
– 7 were given prison sentences
27. In Japan:
• 25 major leaders tried:
– 7 death sentences
– 18 prison sentences.
• Other tribunals:
– 5,000 tried
– Over 700 executed
• Yamashita precedent (standard): commanding
officers are ultimately responsible for crimes
committed by troops under their command. His
crimes were committed in the Philippines.
28. Question for consideration
Some people believe that military and political leaders must be held
accountable for decisions and actions taken in times of war and civil
unrest. Others believe that political and military leaders are justified
in using extraordinary measures in an effort to end a conflict or
restore order.
To what extent should political and military
leaders be held accountable for decisions and
actions taken during times of war and civil
unrest?