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                                                        /           -                       :51          /                                                 ¯
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a.        ASTM D4694-96: Deflections with a Falling-Weight-Type Impulse Load Device

b.        AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993/Chapter 3 - Guides for
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          Differences




                                    /       -               :51     /                                 ¯
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                                                                                                                          :                                    51.12.02
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51.12.03.02                                     FWD/HWD                                                 ¯
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51 12

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  • 3. 25 3' ¯ ¯ / :51 ¯ :12 ¯ ¯ ¯ ' ¯ " . .. " ¯ ¯ " ¯ " " ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ 6 ¯: 51.12.01 6 51.12.01.01 6 51.12.01.02 6 51.12.01.03 7 51.12.01.04 7 ¯ 51.12.01.05 8 ¯ 51.02.11.05.01 9 : 51.12.02 9 51.12.02.01 9 51.12.02.02 9 51.12.02.03 9 51.12.02.03.01 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 4. 25 4' ¯ ¯ / :51 ¯ :12 ( ) ¯ 10 51.12.02.03.02 10 51.12.02.03.03 10 51.12.02.04 10 ¯ 51.12.02.04.01 11 ¯ 51.12.02.04.02 12 ¯ 51.12.02.04.03 13 ¯ 51.12.02.04.04 14 : 51.12.03 14 ¯ 51.12.03.01 14 51.12.03.02 15 51.12.03.03 16 51.12.03.04 17 : 51.12.04 17 ¯ 51.12.04.01 17 51.12.04.01.01 17 51.12.04.01.02 17 51.12.04.02 17 51.12.04.01.03 17 51.12.04.02.01 18 51.12.04.02.02 18 ¯ 51.12.04.02.03 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 5. 25 5' ¯ ¯ / :51 ¯ :12 ( ) ¯ 19 : 51.12.03 ¯ 14 ¯ 51.12.03.01 15 ¯ ¯ 51.12.03.02 ¯ 20 ' 22 ' / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 6. 25 6' ¯ ¯ / :51 ¯ :12 ¯: 51.12.01 51.12.01.01 : ] " ¯ ¯ 51.12.01.01.01 ¯ ¯ [" ¯ " " " " " ("FWD" : ) Falling-Weight Deflectometer . ,("HWD" : ) Heavy-Weight Deflectometer , ¯ 51.12.01.01.02 . ¯ ¯ , 51.12.01.01.03 . ¯ ¯ / ( ¯) ¯ 00 ¯, 51.12.01.01.04 . 51.12.01.02 ¯ 51.12.01.02.01 .( ¯ ) FWD ¯ 51.12.01.02.02 . ¯ HWD 51.12.01.03 : ) ¯ : ¯ 51.12.01.03.01 " ": ) " ¯ (" ¯ " ¯ (" ¯ " " " . . ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ : ¯ 51.12.01.03.02 , ¯ .(" ¯ " ) . / ¯ ¯ ¯ .(http://www.mod.gov.il/pages/general/publish.asp ) ¯ ¯ : ¯ 51.12.01.03.03 ¯ / ¯ , . ¯ / / / : / / / 51.12.01.03.04 ¯ ¯ ¯ . , / / / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 7. 25 7' " , ¯ : / 51.12.01.03.05 " ¯ .1953 " ( )12 ¯ ¯ ¯ : 51.12.01.03.06 ¯ 02 /" " 51 / ¯ ) ¯ ¯ .(" " 51.02.01.03 /" ¯" 05.02.01 / " . ¯ , ¯ 32 . / ¯ ¯ , ¯ ¯ : 51.12.01.03.07 ¯ ¯ . ¯ ¯ , ,' 0.5 ¯ . ' 0.5 . ¯ ¯ ¯ : 51.12.01.03.08 ) 4 ¯ ¯ ,FWD/HWD ¯ .([ R ] , ' ¯ : 51.12.01.03.09 / (b.' .51.12.01.05.01 ¯ AASHTO . , ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ : 51.12.01.03.10 ¯ . 10 , ¯ . ¯ ¯ .( " " 51.12.02.03 ) HWD/FWD ¯ ¯ ¯ : 51.12.01.03.11 . , , , , : 51.12.01.03.12 . ¯ , . ¯ ¯ ¯ :( ) " 51.12.01.03.13 51.12.01.04 , , , , , , , , ¯ Heavy- ,FWD ,Falling-Weight Deflectometer , , ¯ ,HWD ,Weight Deflectometer ¯ 51.12.01.05 ¯ ¯ . ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ / . / / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 8. 25 8' ¯ 51.12.01.05.01 ¯ . ¯ / ¯ : ¯ ¯ ¯ " " 00 / ¯ (1 ; ¯ ;" " 02 / 51 / ¯ (2 ¯ " 03 / 51 / ¯ (3 ;" " ¯ 04 / 51 / ¯ (4 ; :21 / :51 / ¯ (5 . . / / ¯ ," " 35 ,' , : / a. ASTM D4694-96: Deflections with a Falling-Weight-Type Impulse Load Device b. AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures 1993/Chapter 3 - Guides for Field Data Collection/Appendix J - Analysis Unit Delineation By Cumulative Differences / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 9. 25 9' : 51.12.02 51.12.02.01 ,HWD FWD , 51.12.02.01.01 .ASTM D4694-96 : 51.12.02.01.02 ; ¯ " 30 . , " 45 . .(Granular Materials) 51.12.02.02 . ¯ 4 ¯ 51.12.02.02.01 51.12.02.02.02 . ¯ / ¯ ASTM D4694-96 . ¯ 51.12.02.02.03 . 51.12.03.01 51.12.02.03 : 51.12.02.03.01 ¯ . ¯ ( ) .(' ¯ , , ) .( ) ¯ ¯¯ . GPS ¯ ¯ . RMS 1) DGPS ¯ ) .(Sub-meter . , ¯ ¯ . .' 5 .(' ) 10 ¯ . " " . . ¯ ¯ ( ) / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 10. 25 10 ' 51.12.02.03.02 . AASHTO ( )" " . ¯, ." " " "¯ ¯ . . , ¯ , ¯ . " " . ¯ , ¯ . ¯ , ¯ . ¯ . , ¯ 51.12.02.03.03 ("f20 ") ¯ , 3 (CD) ¯ . ¯ 51.12.02.04 ¯ 51.12.02.04.01 . (1 . , (2 . ,( ) (3 ,(" ") A-2-4 ¯ , A-3 ¯ AASHTO ,4# 90% 200# 20% ¯ ¯ ¯ ¯ . . FWD , ¯ (4 . ¯ ¯ , (5 ' 1.0 ¯ , , 3 .' 5 . ¯ ) ' 10 ( ¯ ) .(' / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 11. 25 11 ' ¯ 51.12.02.03 ¯ (6 ." " . ¯ , ¯ , ¯, : . " " ¯ (1 ) AASHTO Appendix J .( " ¯ " 51.02.01.05.01 /05.12.01 ¯3 ¯ . Zx ¯ ¯ ." " ¯ (2 . 51.12.03.01 , ¯ (3 ¯ / . ¯ , ¯ 51.12.03.01 . , . . : , ; (1) , (2) . (3) , , . ¯ (4 , ¯ . ¯ ¯ ,A ¯ . 51.12.03.01 ¯ ,B ¯ , . ¯ , (5 , ¯ . 51.12.03.01 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 12. 25 12 ' ¯ 51.12.02.04.02 . ¯ , (1 . ¯ , 1.0 ¯¯ (2 , . ¯ ' 0.6 ¯ . ¯ ¯ ¯ ," " , (3 " " ¯ . . " 20 ¯ .. (2 " " " ) ¯ ¯ . (4.' .51.12.02.04.01 ¯, A-2-4 ¯ , A-3 ¯ (4 90% 200# 20% ¯ (" ") ¯ ¯ ,4# (3.' .51.12.02.04.01 , . ¯ 2 , (5 .( ) .(' ) ' 20 ¯ ¯ ¯ , 51.12.02.03 ¯ (6 " " . ¯ . : ¯ (1 ¯, 51.12.03.01 . (4.' .51.12.02.04.01 (2 . ¯ (3 . (3.' .51.12.02.04.01 ¯ 51.12.02.04.03 . ¯ ¯ (1 . / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 13. 25 13 ' ¯ 2 , (2 .( ) .(' ) ' 20 ¯ ¯ ¯ , 51.12.02.03 ¯ (3 " " . ¯ . : ¯ (1 ¯ ,51.12.03.01 . (4.' .51.12.02.04.01 ¯ (2 . (3 . (3.' .51.12.02.04.01 ¯ 51.12.02.04.04 . , ¯ ¯ (1 ¯ , ¯ . 7500 , " 30 (2 ." 100 , ¯ (3 50 , .(' ) ¯ ¯ (4 " 03 /" " 00 / ¯ . ¯ ¯ " 5 . ¯ (1 5 ) , ¯ ¯ ,( ¯ " 1 ¯ " . ¯ (2 . " " 51.12.02.03.03 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 14. 25 14 ' : 51.12.03 ¯ 51.12.03.01 ¯ ¯ / ¯ : 51.12.03.01 ¯ :51.12.03.01 B ¯ A ¯ ¯ ¯ [*] ¯ [*] [ " ] [ " ] (%) [ " ] [ " ] [" ] 0.100 0.30 40 0.6 45 2,200 ' 0.5 / ¯ 0.100 0.25 40 0.5 45 2,200 ) (' 0.5 100 50 , ¯ 0.060 0.2 30 0.4 45 2,200 " 0.060 0.2 30 0.4 45 3,300 ¯ ) 0.044 0.17 25 0.35 45 3,300 ( 20 30 7,500 ¯ . ¯ [ *] 51.12.03.02 51.12.03.02 FWD/HWD ¯ : / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 15. 25 15 ' ¯ ¯ :51.12.03.02 ¯ [*] [ ] ¯ 10 3 . 5 ' 0.5 . 5 10 3 / ¯ ) ¯ ( ¯ ) (' 0.5 . 50 , ¯ 1.0 20 2 " 100 20 2 ¯ ) 20 2 ( ¯ 50 100 ¯ 1 ( ¯ ) : [* ] , (1 , . ¯ , . ,( ) (2 ¯ ¯ ¯ . 51.12.03.03 , 51.12.03.01 ¯ 51.12.03.03.01 .A ¯ / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 16. 25 16 ' ,B ¯ ¯ ¯ 51.12.03.03.02 A ¯ B ¯ , 51.12.03.03.03 , . ' .51.12.02.04.01 51.12.03.04 , ,( ¯ ) ¯ 51.12.03.04.01 . , ¯ ¯ ¯ , , .51.12.03.01 51.12.03.04.02 . (3.' .51.12.02.04.01 , ¯ , ¯ 51.12.03.04.03 . ¯ ¯ 51.12.03.04.04 . / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 17. 25 17 ' : 51.12.04 ¯ 51.12.04.01 51.12.04.01.01 ¯ . ¯ . , , ¯ , ¯ , ¯ ¯ , " ¯ ¯ ,¯ .' ¯ , . ¯ ¯ . ¯ . . ¯ ¯ . . ¯ ¯ ¯ 51.12.04.01.02 / ¯ ¯ ¯ , ¯ " ¯ , . 51.12.04.02 51.12.04.01.03 ¯ ¯ . . ¯ ¯¯ ¯¯ " " ¯ . (" " ) . ¯ . ¯ ( ) ¯ ¯ . . . . 51.12.04.02.01 3 . ¯ 4 . . , . . / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 18. 25 18 ' GPS ¯ . .(Sub-meter DGPS) 51.12.04.02.02 . ' . , , . / ¯ ) ¯ ¯ " " . ¯ " 51.12.02.04.01 ¯ ¯ .( " . ¯ ¯ ¯ ) . ¯ . ( ¯ ¯ , , . ¯ ¯ . . ,( " 60 ) ¯¯ . ¯ ¯ . , . ¯ , , ¯ : ) ¯ .(' ¯ , , ) ¯ . ) .20% ¯ (200# / (20% ) ¯ .( ¯ . ¯ . .( ¯ 3) . ¯ 51.12.04.02.03 , ¯ . . ¯ . . ¯ / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 19. 25 19 ' : 51.12.03 ¯ HWD/FWD ¯ ¯ . / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 20. 25 20 ' 51 ¯ / 12 ¯ ' / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 21. 25 21 ' ' ¯ ¯ / :51 ¯ :12 :' : ¯ (1) L R LL LC LR RL RC RR 0 135 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 22. 25 22 ' 51 ¯ / 12 ¯ ' / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 23. 25 23 ' ' 1 ¯ ¯ / :51 ¯ :12 :' / = ¯ / ¯ .1 LL LC LR RL RC ' 5 ' 10 ¯ RR ' 1 0 135 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 24. 25 24 ' ' 2 / / = ¯ / / ¯ .2 LL LR RL 20 ¯ RR 1' 0 135 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -
  • 25. 25 25 ' ' 3 = ¯ / / ¯ .3 LL LR RL 50 100 ¯ RR 0 135 / - :51 / ¯ - ¯ - :12 -