Assessment on the effectiveness of the universally accessible cheaper and quality medicines act of 2008 as perceived by doscst students.

1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Rationale of the Study
The Philippines has more expensive drugs than in other countries in Asia and in
countries of similar economic status (NEDA, 2008; PIDS, 2011; Elchico, 2012). Almost
eight out of ten Filipinos have economic difficulties to purchase their medication (WHO,
2012). Since standard treatments with brand-name drugs require several day’s up to
weeks’ worth of wages (Rivera, 2011), five to six out of ten Filipinos now take generic
medicine (Herrera as cited by Sauler, 2013; Picazo, 2011) because it is now significantly
cheaper by more than 50 percent compared to its branded counterparts (Ona, 2013).
Republic Act No. 9502, otherwise known as the Universally Accessible Cheaper
and Quality Medicines Act of 2008, provides the rules and regulations for the
development and promotion of low-cost but quality medicines. Section 2 of RA 9502
supports the declaration of the state policy which seeks: to protect public health and
when the public interest or circumstances of extreme urgency so require, it shall adopt
appropriate measures to promote and ensure access to affordable quality drugs and
medicines for all.
It is an act amending for the purpose of Republic Act No. 8293 or the Intellectual
Property Code, Republic Act No. 6675 or the Generics Act of 1998, and Republic Act
No. 5291 or the Pharmacy Law and for other purposes.
The said act was deemed a ray of hope for the Filipino poor (Elchico, 2012).
Reodica (2013) said that the generics law faced resistance from multinational companies

2
and the private sector but strategies to make people aware and give them informed
choices on medicines had made generics acceptable, affordable and accessible. With
this, the prices of more than 200 medicines have already been reduced (Tayag, 2013).
Today, the market share of generic medicine is 60 percent.
While this is believed to be so, no systematic study has yet been conducted to
determine the college students’ perceptions on the effectiveness of the Universally
Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act particularly at Davao Oriental State
College of Science and Technology (DOSCST). This prompted the researchers to
conduct the study with the end goal of assessing the effectiveness of the
aforementioned act as perceived by DOSCST students.

3
Significance of the Study
Access to affordable yet quality medicines is a key issue to poor people. But
treatment courses using generic medicines in public facilities are generally affordable
based on the salary of the lowest paid government worker (Rivera, 2011). With this, the
services of the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) were being strengthened to face
the continuing challenge of ensuring low-cost but quality medicines (Herrera as cited by
Sauler, 2013). This is due to the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines
Act of 2008.
Moreover, the study’s main objective reflects to the results in which will be useful
to academic, health and social sectors of locale specifically to the DOSCST; to the
implementing Local Government Units (LGUs) of Davao Oriental; and to the Philippine
Government.
Results of the study would also serve as feedback to the implementing agencies
of the program. To the Department of Health (DOH), this would serve as bases for
improvements and refinements for its succeeding implementation models, thus enabling
its planners to work out better options in the future. Likewise to the sub-agency of the
DOH, the PhilHealth, this would provide an avenue for better design and direction of
their development framework, strategies and approaches in program implementation.
The same as to the Department of Education and Commission on Higher Education, the
results would be a great access for future adjustments or future additional programs.

4
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of this study was to find out the assessment of
effectiveness of Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008 as
perceived by DOSCST students.
Specifically, it aimed to meet the following narrowed objectives:
1. To determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents;
2. To determine the communication tools employed in the introduction of the
said act;
3. To identify the benefits caused by the act and the significant changes on the
respondents’ quality of life in terms of Social Adequacy; and
4. To indicate the comments on the implementation of the said act.

5
Scope and Limitation
This research was limited to the assessment of effectiveness of the Universally
Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008 as perceived by DOSCST
students. Specifically, this was concerned to determine the socio-demographic
characteristics of the respondents; to know the communication tools employed in the
introduction of the said act; to identify the benefits of the act and the significant changes
on the respondents’ quality of life in terms of Social Adequacy; and to indicate the
comments on the implementation of the said act.
The respondents of the study were those recorded officially enrolled students of
DOSCST by the registrar as of second semester of academic year 2013-2014.
The results of this study depend on the answers of the respondents based on the
questionnaires given by the researchers.
This study was conducted from May 20-31, 2014.

6
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Intervening Variable Dependent Variable
Fig.1 Conceptual Framework showing the independent variable is the implementation of
the Universally Cheaper Medicines Act of 2008 and the intervening variable is the DOH,
BFAD, Botika ng Barangay, Drug Pharmacy and Media. Lastly, the dependent variable
is the perceived quality of life of the DOSCST students.
The figure shows how Universally Cheaper Medicines Act of 2008 affects the
quality of life of the DOSCST students in terms of social adequacy with intervening
variable. This implies that differences of the effects may be concluded through
determining the intervening variable.
Implementation
of the
Universally
Cheaper
Medicines Act of
2008
DOH
BFAD
Botika ng Barangay
Drug Pharmacy
Media
PERCEIVED QUALITY
OF LIFE OF THE
DOSCST STUDENTS
-SOCIAL
>Health
>Nutrition
>Household Efficacy

7
Definition of Terms
Medicine - the art or science of restoring or preserving health or due physical
condition, as by means of drugs, surgical operations or appliances or manipulations.
Effectiveness- the degree to which objectives are achieved and the extent to which
targeted problems are solved. In contrast to efficiency, effectiveness is determined
without reference to costs and, whereas efficiency means "doing the thing right,"
effectiveness means "doing the right thing."
Social Adequacy – means ensuring that all covered workers and their families enjoy
adequate basic protection from a number of outsourced hazards.
Communication Tools - tools used depend on the strategic goals, the objectives of
the communication program, the profile of the target audience, the various advantages.
Media - the means of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as
television, newspaper and radio.
Household Efficacy - the accomplishment of or ability to accomplish a job with a
minimum expenditure of time and effort in a household.

8
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents a review of related literature which are found useful in the
development of this study.
Related Literature
Today’s Filipino poor are often frustrated in their health care because of the
exorbitant medicines available in drug pharmacies and outlets nationwide. The economic
status of most Filipinos affects the quality of life which in turn affects their behavior.
Citing an ASEAN survey, the Philippine International Trading Corporation (PITC) said
that the retail prices of medicine in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand are 40 to 70
percent lower than in the Philippines. Moreover, five out of every nine medicines in the
Philippines cost more than in Malaysia and Indonesia (NEDA, 2008). Often this problem
arises from no concrete health law and poor market share of generic medicines, which
are deemed to be cheaper, can cause worse health-related scenarios. There are
numerous health-related scenarios –producing factors related to social adequacy. These
are the lack of services from health authorities, frequent occurrence of sickness in the
family and poor nutritional status among its members.
The percentage of the population below the national poverty threshold declined
from 45.3% in 1991 to 32.9% in 2006. However, as a result of the global financial and
economic crises of 2008, soaring food and fuel prices in 2007-2008, natural disasters
caused by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in September and October 2009, and the recent
El Niño phenomenon in 2009-2010, the poverty level has worsened, reversing the
declining trend achieved prior to 2006 (WHO, 2011). This puts the country on an

9
uncertain track to reach the target of 22.7% below the national poverty threshold by
2015.
According to WHO (2011), among poor families, 65% of family heads have only
an elementary education, 29% do not have access to safe water, and 24% do not have
sanitary toilets. In June 2010, 21.2% of the households surveyed nationwide by Social
Weather Stations reported experiencing hunger in the past three months. That rate was
higher than hunger rates reported in the same month of each of the previous seven
years. In fact, reported hunger rates increased successively in each of those years.
Ona (2013) cited that the long list of discrepancies and inefficiencies from the
manufacture, distribution, pricing, prescription and using of regular drugs prompted the
government to institute a comprehensive national policy on pharmaceutical production
and consumption. Generic drugstore Generics Pharmacy leads the pack with 1,300
branches nationwide, followed by Generika and Botika Pinoy. Thus, the generic
medicines’ awareness level for Greater Manila Area was placed at 65 percent, with
Luzon at 48 percent and the Visayas and Mindanao at 53 percent (Herrera as cited by
Sauler, 2013).
Another factor such as the corruption in the health care sector and the poor
implementation of strategies in a health care program are also influencing the prices of
medicines in the Philippines (European Commission, 2013). On the basis of the study,
six typologies of corruption in the healthcare areas have been identified: bribery in
medical service delivery; procurement corruption; improper marketing relations; misuse
of (high) level positions; undue reimbursement claims; fraud and embezzlement of
medicines and medical devices.

10
Bribery in doctor to patient service delivery is the most visible form of corruption
in healthcare. In the area of medical devices and pharmaceuticals, procurement
corruption and improper marketing relations appear to be the most prevalent types of
corruption.
Villar (2012) said that regulatory boards and price referencing on medicines
should be established. He also proposed that removal of value-added tax on medicine to
further lower its prices and that the medicines for cancer shall be free. He believed that
the budget can suffice his proposal.
According to WHO (2011), eight of the 10 leading causes of morbidity in 2008
were infectious in origin, namely: acute lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia,
acute watery diarrhea, bronchitis/bronchiolitis, influenza, tuberculosis, malaria, acute
febrile illness, and dengue fever. The country faces a double burden of disease with
the majority of the 10 leading causes of morbidity being communicable diseases and the
leading causes of mortality in the country being mainly non-communicable diseases. If
expensive medicines continue to exist, the projected life expectancy of Filipinos of 73
would be decreased.
According to WHO (2011):
“Undernutrition remains a major public health problem in the Philippines, linked
principally to high levels of poverty. One out of every four Filipino children below 5 years
old is underweight and stunted.35 While the prevalence of underweight children declined
from 34.5% in 1990 to 24.6% in 2005, a rate that had been on track to meet the MDG
target of 50% by 2015.”

11
Related Studies
In the study of ADBI (2013), it tried to determine how to reduce the poverty
among Filipino households through programs. The study showed that during the 1st
semester of 2012, on the average, a poor family of five members needed a monthly
additional income of PhP 2,292 to move out of poverty or approximately 29.3% of the
poverty threshold.
Blanco (2012) produced a study to determine on how the implementation on the
prices of medicines works. In his study, Maris Escatoto, a 21-year-old call center agent,
suffers from lupus nephritis, a kidney disease. In order to curb further complications, she
has to keep up with treatment. She is already suffering from hypertension, high blood
cholesterol and gout. Escatoto revealed that her illness worsened because her family
could not afford her maintenance medication. One of her prescriptions is azathioprine,
an immunosuppressant drug that she needs to take thrice per day. It costs at least P40
per piece.
Research conducted by WHO (2011) found out that series of legislative and
policy actions adopted over the past two decades have had defining impact on the
Philippine health sector. An underlying characteristic of the change has been a shift of
emphasis to systemic approaches to health sector development, with attention to sector-
wide issues of equity and efficiency, including health care financing. It includes the
following: (1) Generic Drugs Act of 1988, promoting the use of generic drugs, including
mandating prescription in generic form; (2) Local Government Code of 1991, devolving
public responsibility for much of health care to local governments and transferring
corresponding shares of the national health budget to LGUs; (3) National Health

12
Insurance Act of 1995, introducing mandatory health insurance and universal coverage
with subsidized premiums for the poor and creating the Philippine Health Insurance
Corporation (PHIC), also known as PhilHealth, to manage the national health insurance
programme.
Picazo (2011) conducted a study on the role of private sector in health care. He
found out that the sales of pharmaceuticals in the Philippines are conservatively
estimated at Php100 billion annually, with 70 percent being accounted for by
multinational firms. About 80 percent of the sales are in drug stores, 10 percent in
hospitals, and 10 percent in other retail outlets. Out of total sales, 63 percent comes
from a major pharmaceutical chain, 17 percent comes from the combined sales of all
other small independent pharmacies, 7 percent comes from private hospitals, 2.5 comes
from public hospitals, 10 percent comes from other private outlets, and 0.5 percent
comes from other public outlets. Thus, the private sector as a whole holds an inordinate
share of the market while the public sector is a very minor financier and purchaser.
In this study, the private sector dominates the health care being the larger holder
of stocks compared to public sector. Drugs are a requirement for almost all modern
health care. Drugs account for about half of household health spending among Filipinos.
Although pharmaceutical reimbursements of the social health insurance program
(PhilHealth) remain small relative to its members’ needs, they already account for 30
percent of its total payouts. There remains a large unmet need for drugs which has not
been quantified.
In a study by NEDA (2008), the Department of Health (DoH) and Department of
Trade and Industry (DTI) adopted the Parallel Drug Importation Program in 2000 which

13
made available certain drugs at 60.9 percent lower than other medicines in 2004.
Parallel drug imports (PDIs) are drug products manufactured in a third country and sold
in the Philippines at a much lower price compared with the drugs being sold by local
manufacturers here. As a result, the prices of essential medicines decreased by an
average of 41 percent in 2006, according to the updated MTPDP 2004-2010. The cheap
imported drugs are distributed through the network of Botika ng Barangays to increase
availability of and access to lowpriced quality essential medicines. These Botikas are
government-licensed drug outlets that sell cheaper medicines to the poor. Nationwide,
the number of BnBs rose to 7, 437 from 4,738 in 2005. The BNBs, on the other hand,
increased its distribution network from 1,016 outlets in 2005 to 1,283 outlets in 2006.

14
CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODS
On this chapter, locale and respondents of the study were identified. The number
of samples was also determined. Research design, instrument and methods of data
analysis were also identified.
Research Locale and Duration
This study focused on the students of Davao Oriental State College of Science
and Technology (DOSCST). Thus, the respondents of this study constitute the whole
frequency of students from the said school.
Moreover, DOSCST is situated in Guang-guang, Dahican, Mati City.
Fig. 2 The map of DOSCST that serves as the locale of the study

15
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of this study are represented by the students from the
DOSCST. They must be at least recorded officially enrolled as of the second semester
of academic year 2013-2014 by the registrar. The respondents must have at least 1 year
of stay in the said school.
Sample
The study consisted of 100 DOSCST students sampled from different
departments.
Research Design and Procedure
The study is qualitative in nature. A descriptive survey method of research was
used in the study as it determined and described the current perceptions of DOSCST
students on the effectiveness of the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality
Medicines Act of 2008.
With this research type, it is essential that the researchers already have a clear
view of the phenomena being investigated before the data collection procedure is carried
out. The researcher used this kind of research to obtain first hand data from the
respondents to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the
study.
Focus interviews were conducted to verify further the respondents’ answers and
supplement their answers.

16
Research Instrument
This study used the structured questionnaire as the main instrument in gathering
the data. In structured questionnaire, both qualitative gathering of data was done. The
questionnaires were self-administered to the respondents for them to answer the items
and to guide the respondents in open-ended questions part. The original questionnaire
was made for the enrichment and specificity of the data needed.
The questionnaire was also composed of close-ended question. It was divided
into two parts: Socio-Demographic Profile and Communication-Related.
For the verification of the data, focused group discussion (FGD) was the second
research instrument. Questions for this instrument were fastened in structured
questionnaire. Answers in FGD supported the answers in the main instrument.
Methods of Data Analysis
The gathered data were analyzed through the use of statistical tools such as
frequency counts, percentages and mean.
Gender of the respondents
Male
Female
64%
36
%

17
Fig.3 Gender of the respondents in the locality
This figure above emphasizes on the gender of the respondents. Majority of them
were females. The female is more socialized compared to male, meaning they
possessed connections directly to others through verbal activities. Even though female
respondents dominate this research, 36% of the total sample was played by males.
Age of the respondents
The diagram shows the age of the respondents as of totality. This was based on
the respondents who were asked through questionnaires administered by the
researcher.
Fig.4 Age of the respondents in sample size
The figure above explains about the age of the respondents. It shows that
majority of the respondents was aged in 18-20 with the percentage of 74. On the other
hand, 17% of the respondents were aged 15-17 years old. Moreover, 3% were on their
21-23, 24-26 and 27 and above years of age respectively.
17%
74%
3% 3% 3%
Age
15-17 18-20 21-23 24-26 27-Above

18
Civil Status
The diagram shows the civil status of the respondents in the school. As
expected, most of the respondents were single.
Fig. 5 Civil Status of the respondents in total sample size
The figure above elucidates the civil status of the total respondents. It shows that
most of the respondents were single with 98% of the slice. There were 2% of married
respondents. They are already parents of one to two children. On the other hand, there
were 0% of the total sample were widowed.
Year and Course
The diagram shows the year and course of the respondents in the school.
Civil Status
Single
Married
98%
2%

19
Fig. 6 Year and course of the respondents in sample size
As what the above figure shows, most of the respondents are BEED-3 with 18%.
15% of the total sample was under BSEDE-3. 6% of the sample size was from BSBA-3
and BSC-1 respectively. The slices of BSMBF-3 and BEED-2 comprise 5% each of the
total pie. 4% was from BSEDM-3 and BSEDM-4 respectively. The BSEDBS-3, BSEDBS-
4, and BSEDE-2 got 3% each. 2% each was for BSEDBS-2, BPE-SPE-2, BSCE-1,
BSCE-2, BSCE-3, BSAM-3 and BSC-2. The rest have 1% each.
2% 3%
3%
3%
15%
4%
4%
2%1%
1%
5%
18%1%2%
2%2%
1%
1%
1%
1%1%
5%
2%
1% 1%
2%
6%
1%
1%
6%
2%
Year and Course BSEDBS-2
BSEDBS-3
BSEDBS-4
BSEDE-2
BSEDE-3
BSEDM-3
BSEDM-4
BPE-SPE-2
BPE-SPE-3
BPE-SPE-4
BEED-2
BEED-3
BEED-4
BSCE-1
BSCE-2
BSCE-3
BSCE-4
BSCE-5
BSBio-2
BSBio-3
BSMBF-2
BSMBF-3
BSAM-3
BSAM-4
BAT-4
BSHRM-4
BSBA-3
BSIT-4
BSIT-3
BSC-1
BSC-2

20
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Through the objectives of the study, the results and discussions filled,
emphasized, and even implied that the data presented here have really been gathered.
I- Socio-demographic characteristics of the Respondents
The population size (100) was identified from different departments. As for
totality, figure 2 shows that majority of the respondents were female, then the remaining
were male. Meanwhile, Figure 3 emphasizes that most of the respondents were aged
eighteen to twenty years old (18-20) while the second to the majority were on their some
of them were on their fifteen to seventeen (15-17). In terms to their civil status, majority
of them were single as shown in figure 4. As to the year and course, Figure 5 elucidates
that most of the respondents were BEED-3.
Table 1. Frequency and Mode/Mean Distinction of the Socio-demographic
characteristics of the respondents in DOSCST.
CHARACTERISTICS DOSCST
100 Respondents
FREQUENCY MODE/MEAN
GENDER
Male
Female
36
64
MODE is Female
AGE
15-17
18-20
21-23
24-26
27-Above
17
74
3
3
3
MEAN is 19

21
CIVIL STATUS
Married
Single
Widow
2
98
0
MODE is Single
YEAR AND COURSE
BSEDBS-2
BSEDBS-3
BSEDBS-4
BSEDE-2
BSEDE-3
BSEDM-3
BSEDM-4
BPE-SPE-2
BPE-SPE-3
BPE-SPE-4
BEED-2
BEED-3
BEED-4
BSCE-1
BSCE-2
BSCE-3
BSCE-4
BSCE-5
BSBio-2
BSBio-3
BSMBF-2
BSMBF-3
BSAM-3
BSAM-4
BAT-4
BSHRM-4
BSBA-3
BSIT-4
BSIT-3
BSC-1
BSC-2
2
3
3
3
15
4
4
2
1
1
5
18
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
1
1
2
6
1
1
6
2
MODE is BEED-3
II. Individual Perception
The perceived benefits caused by the act and the significant changes on the
respondents’ quality of life in terms of Social Adequacy and the comments on
the implementation of the said act.

22
The benefits caused by the act and the significant changes on the
respondents’ quality of life in terms of Social Adequacy given by the
respondents were the following:
1. Availability of the services of government through health care authorities
2. Easy avoidance from sickness within a year
3. Seldom occurrence of sickness within a year
4. Quality medicines at affordable prices
5. The family can eat three times a day
6. Knowledge on what generic medicines to buy on certain illnesses
7. Consumption of nutritious food and potable water
8. Community involvement of families in the governments’ projects and
programs
9. The family feels the importance of being the basic unit of society
10. Existence of harmony and camaraderie among the neighborhood
The comments on the implementation of the said act mentioned by the
DOSCST students were the following:
1. Just good because of we can avail cheaper medicines
2. The act needs to be disseminated through the use of more and relevant
multimedia
3. There must be strong implementation of the act
4. It is effective because it is of great help especially to the elderly but there
should be wide information about the act.

23
III. Communication Tools used for Information Dissemination
COMMUNICATION TOOLS DOSCST
FREQUENCY
1. Information Drive
TV 66
Radio 45
Flyer 10
Poser 16
Primer 1
Newspaper 34
Social Media 36
Video 10
A-V Presentation 5
Forum 9
Seminar-workshop 12
Training 6
Interpersonal 25
2. Effective Tool
TV 60
Radio 6
Flyer 0
Poster 0
Primer 0
Newspaper 5
Social Media 16
Video 0
A-V Presentation 0
Forum 2
Seminar-workshop 10
Training 0
Interpersonal 1
Table 2 shows the frequency of communication tools applied in the program that
effectively reached the beneficiaries. Most of the respondents in the school said that
they were informed through television as a mode of communication. Meanwhile, the
television also got the highest percentage being perceived as the most effective tool in
information drive.

24
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The Philippine government shows its serious efforts to combat the expensive
medicines through the implementation of the Universally Cheaper Medicines Act of
2008. The Act by far has been the most comprehensive and also, controversial health
act of the Philippine government because of the undying efforts to achieve cheaper
medicines. Last 2012, the DOH a proposed 54.6 billion pesos to further bolster the
development framework which centers on poverty reduction and empowerment of the
poor and the vulnerable.
This study was conducted among the 100 students of the Davao Oriental State
College of Science and Technology (DOSCST) as respondents.
Specifically, this study was conducted to find out the socio-demographic
characteristics of the respondents; to know the effective communication tools acquired in
the program; to know the effectiveness of 4Ps to the quality of life of the respondents in
terms; and, to determine the relationship of these effects to the classification of the
place. Questionnaires were distributed in gathering the data. Some data were analyzed
using the statistical tools such as frequency counts, percentages, and means. Other
data were presented descriptively.
Results showed that most (64%) of the respondents were females while the
remaining (36%) were males. Most (74%) of the respondents were under 18-20 years
old. As to their civil status, majority (98%) were single. Most (18%) of them took up
BEED-3.

25
Most (66%) of the population were informed about the program through
televisions as mode of communication. Majority (60%) of them also said that television is
the most effective way of communicating the program.
Conclusions
In view of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were made:
1. Due to the working habit of men, women dominated this study. Therefore,
women played the most vital role in Human Development.
2. The most effective tool in communicating Human Development Programs is
television.
3. A typical college student who is well-informed about the act is a female.
4. The student-respondents have good level of communication on the act. They
watch television to be informed about the act.
5. The students perceived the act as an effective instrument for students’ health
care. They agreed that it has been serving the student for their development.

26
Recommendations
From the research findings and conclusions of this study conducted in DOSCST,
it is evident that the quality of implementing the Universally Accessible Cheaper and
Quality Medicines Act of 2008 is to some extent in a parlous state. Importantly,
considerable gaps exist between the actual implementation of the act and a realistic
ideal. Achieving act’s effectiveness for college students therefore requires closing the
gap between the actual implementation of the program and the ideal by making realistic
recommendations to address the limiting factors that constrain the quality of cheaper
and qualiy medicines program. The following recommendations provide directions for
reform of the said act in DOSCST.
1. In the consequence of the fact that most DOSCST students feel that their
voice cannot be heard, the researchers recommend that the college
instructors and the larger community should motivate their students to
express their opinions and insights.
2. Since the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act of 2008
gives many benefits to the development of the students, this should not only
involve limited and exclusive number of students.
3. Seeing that one of the student-respondents complained about not informed
about the act at all, all means must be exhausted by the college’s president
to provide a seminar which will be attended by reliable authorities in health
care.
4. In as much as several respondents cite the lack of information dissemination
as problem, it is necessary that the students should be exposed to different

27
important media through reading on a newspaper, listening to the radio and
attending the information drives and seminars.
5. Topics of national relevance like the act should be incorporated in every issue
of school publication and even classroom lectures to make college students
be active participants for change.
6. Considering that some college students have no interest to learn the act,
there is, therefore, a definite need for the school clinic to make the act
appealing and motivating. An example of interesting activity that the students
can engage in is giving them community-oriented assignment like visiting a
pharmacy, hospital or the like.
7. For further research, the following topics are recommended:
a. A Comparative Study of Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality
Medicines Act of 2008 in Mati City; and
b. Implementation Analysis of Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality
Medicines Act of 2008

28
LITERATURE CITED
Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI). (2013). Official Poverty Statistics and Poverty
Reduction Programs of the Philippines.
http://www.adbi.org/files/2013.05.08.cpp.sess4.3.poverty.reduction.philippine
s.pdf Retrieved May 7, 2013
Blanco, N. (2012). The Crusade to Cheaper Medicines.
http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/access/EssentialMedsBiennialReport06_07.pdf
Elchico, A. (Reporter). Cheaper Medicines. In Nathalie Blanco (producer), Krusada.
Metro Manila, Philippines: ABS-CBN
European Commission. (2013). Study in the Corruption in the Health Care Sector.
http://www.stt.lt/documents/soc_tyrimai/20131219_study_on_corruption_in_the_healthca
re_sector_en.pdf
National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA). (2008) Bringing Cheaper
Medicines to Filipinos.
http://www.genericsking.com/uploads/2/6/2/5/2625420/bringing_cheaper_medicines_to_
filipinos_neda.pdf Retrieved June 30, 2008
Ona, E. (2013). Bringing down the expensive medicine prices. Retrieved from
http://www.genericsking.com/uploads/2/6/2/5/2625420/bringing_cheaper_medicines_to_
filipinos_neda.pdf
Picazo, O. (2011). Review of Philippine Medicine’s Prices. Retrieved from
http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_phl_en.pdf
Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS). (2011) Review of the Cheaper
Medicines Program of the Philippines. http://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp-
content/OPCCB/fpb/b_DOH-CheaperMedicines/i-
Cheaper%20Medicines%20Program%20Review.pdf Retrieved February 1, 2011
Reodica, C. (2013). On Cheaper Medicines. Retrieved from http://Filipinos-turning-to-
generic-drugs-says-doh
Rivera, F. (2011). Three years of Cheaper Medicine Law has not made drugs affordable.
Retrieved
http://headphilippines.blogspot.com/2011/06/three-years-of-cheaper-medicine-law-
has.html

29
Sauler, E. (2013, October 1). More Filipinos turning to generic drugs, says DOH. The
Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved from http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/498407/more-
filipinos-turning-to-generic-drugs-says-doh
Tayag, E. (2013). Krusada. Retrieved from http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/current-affairs-
programs/07/27/12/krusada-cheaper-medicines
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). WHO Country Cooperation Strategy for the
Philippines 2011-2016.
http://www.who.int/countryfocus/cooperation_strategy/ccs_phl_en.pdf Retrieved July 19,
2011
World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Cheaper Medicines Act of 2008. Retrieved
from http://www.who.gov.int/index2.php?pr=152
Villar, M. (2012). Cheaper Medicines Act not properly implemented — Villar. GMA
MarchNews. Retrieved from
http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/251975/news/nation/cheaper-medicines-act-
not-properly-implemented-villar

32
APPENDICES
Appendix A
Guide Questionnaire
Directions: Fill out the blanks with appropriate information.
I. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
Name: ________________________________________ Age: _________
Gender: _________ Civil Status: _________________

33
Year and Course: _______________
Directions: Answer the following questions as honest as you can.
II. INDIVIDUAL PERCEPTION
1. Do you know what Cheaper Medicines Act of 2008 is? If yes, what
does it state?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
2. Does the law benefit you? Why? How?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
3. What are the changes on the quality of your life caused by the said
act in terms of social adequacy?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
4. What can you comment about the implementation of the said act?
Why do you say so?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
5. How effective is the said act? Rate it. 10 is the highest score. State
your reason/s.
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Directions: Please check the correct answer.
III. COMMUNICATION-RELATED
1. What communication tools made you aware of the said act? (Pwede mu-check
ug daghan)
( ) TV
( ) RADIO
( ) FLYER
( ) POSTER

34
( ) PRIMER
( ) NEWSPAPER
( ) SOCIAL MEDIA
( ) VIDEO
( ) A-V PRESENTATION
( ) FORUM
( ) SEMINAR-WORKSHOP
( ) TRAINING
( ) INTERPERSONAL (2 persons involved only)
2. For you, which communication tool is more important? (Isa lang)
( ) TV
( ) RADIO
( ) FLYER
( ) POSTER
( ) PRIMER
( ) NEWSPAPER
( ) SOCIAL MEDIA
( ) VIDEO
( ) A-V PRESENTATION
( ) FORUM
( ) SEMINAR-WORKSHOP
( ) TRAINING
( ) INTERPERSONAL (2 persons involved only)
_________________________
Respondent’s Signature
Daghang Salamat!
Date: _____________

35
Appendix B
Republic of the Philippines
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
City of Mati, Davao Oriental
Education and Teachers’ Training Department
Dear co-Tatenians,
Greetings of Peace!
We, the junior BSED- English students of the Davao Oriental State College of
Science and Technology (DOSCST), are currently conducting a study on the
“Assessment of the Effectiveness of Universally Cheaper Medicines Act of 2008
as Perceived by DOSCST Students”.
Since you are qualified to be a respondent, we are asking for your help and
support by answering the questionnaire regarding our study.
We are hoping that you will answer the questionnaire as honest as you can. You
can count on us about the privacy of your answers.
Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
Dan Christian Z. Avila
Aileen Pearl Madanlo
Honey Mariz P. Marimon
Cariza P. Compuesto
Lady Lyn Macan
Researchers

36
CURRICULUM VITAE
NAME Dan Christian Z. Avila
N-NAME Dan2x
BIRTHDATE July 12, 1996
BIRTHPLACE General Santos City
ADDRESS Calapagan, Lupon, Davao Oriental
RELIGION Roman Catholic
E-MAIL ADDRESS danchristianavila12@gmail.com
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT danchristianavila12@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
ELEMENTARY Calapagan Elementary School
SECONDARY Calapagan National High School
TERTIARY Davao Oriental State College of Science & Technology
DEGREE Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in English
ORGANIZATIONS
News Editor, Ang Sidlakan
Auditor, Mentors’ Society
Member, SCO’RE
SEMINARS, TRAININGS & AWARDS
3rd
Young Progressives Forum, AKBAYAN, Matina, Davao City, Participant
Buwan ng Wika 2012 (Pagsulat ng Tula), 2nd
place
International Day of Peace 2012 Essay Writing Contest, 3rd
place
ETD Week 2012 Essay Writing Contest, Participant

37
Mentors’ Week 2012 Essay Writing Contest 2012, Participant
DHSFI Regional 2013 Essay Writing Contest 2013, Participant
Siglakas 2013 Essay Writing Contest, Participant
3rd
Young Progressives Forum, AKBAYAN, Matina, Davao City, Participant
Mentors’ Week 2013 Essay Writing Contest 2013, 1st
place
Culture and Arts Week Essay Writing Contest 2014, 1st
place

38
NAME Aileen Pearl B. Madanlo
N-NAME Len2x
BIRTHDATE February 18, 1995
BIRTHPLACE P.M. Sobrecarey, Caraga, Davao Oriental
ADDRESS P.M. Sobrecarey, Caraga, Davao Oriental
RELIGION Faith Tabernacle
E-MAIL ADDRESS pearlmadanlo@gmail.com
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT aileenpearl.madanlo@yahoo.com
ELEMENTARY Pantuyan Elementary School
SECONDARY Pantuyan National High School
ORGANIZATIONS
Member, Mentors’ Society
Member, SCO”RE
None

39
NAME Honey Mariz P. Marimon
N-NAME Honey
BIRTHDATE June 13, 1995
BIRTHPLACE Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental
ADDRESS Governor Generoso, Davao Oriental
E-MAIL ADDRESS honeymariz25@gmail.com
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT honeymariz123@yahoo.com
ELEMENTARY Sigaboy Central Elementary School
SECONDARY Sigaboy Agricultural Vocational High School
ORGANIZATIONS
Member, SCO’RE
None

40
NAME Cariza P. Compuesto
N-NAME Craie2x
BIRTHDATE August 10, 1995
BIRTHPLACE Tiblawan, Gov.Generoso, Davao Oriental
ADDRESS Tibawan, Gov. Generoso, Davao Oriental
E-MAIL ADDRESS 1902carz@gmail.com
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT carizacompuesto@gmail.com
ELEMENTARY Quezon Elementary School
SECONDARY Lupon National High School
ORGANIZATIONS
Member, SCO’RE
None

41
NAME Lady Lyn R. Macan
N-NAME Ling-ling
BIRTHDATE September 12, 1995
BIRTHPLACE Mati City
ADDRESS Punta, Brgy.Badas, Mati Davao Oriental
E-MAIL ADDRESS ladylynmacan12@gmail.com
FACEBOOK ACCOUNT ladylynmacan@yahoo.com
ELEMENTARY Tagawisan Elementary School
SECONDARY Mati National Comprehensive High School
ORGANIZATIONS
Membe, Mentors’ Society
Member, SCO’RE
None

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