1. Benedict (Viktor) Gombocz

2.  The Cold War definition of Eastern Europe
corresponded to the Soviet Union and its
satellite countries: Albania, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary,
Poland, Romania, and Yugoslavia.
 The Soviet Union and its communist allies
were members of the Warsaw Pact,
excluding neutral Yugoslavia and Albania,
which withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in
the 1960s after it broke with the Soviet
Union.
 The communist states in Eastern Europe
were also referred to as the Second World.

4.  Albania
 Armenia (not on map)
 Azerbaijan (not on map)
 Belarus
 Bosnia & Herzegovina
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Estonia
 Georgia (not on map)
 Hungary
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Republic of Macedonia
 Moldova
 Montenegro
 Poland
 Romania
 Russia
 Serbia
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Ukraine

5.  Belarus
 Bulgaria
 Czech Republic
 Hungary
 Moldova
 Poland
 Romania
 Russia
 Slovakia
 Ukraine

6.  Baltic states
◦ Estonia
◦ Latvia
◦ Lithuania
 Central Europe
◦ Czech Republic
◦ Hungary
◦ Poland
◦ Slovakia
 Balkans
◦ Albania
◦ Bosnia & Herzegovina
◦ Bulgaria
◦ Croatia
◦ Republic of Macedonia
◦ Montenegro
◦ Romania
◦ Serbia
◦ Slovenia

7.  Ex-Soviet states
◦ Belarus
◦ Moldova
◦ Ukraine
 Eurasia
◦ Russia
 Caucasus
◦ Armenia
◦ Azerbaijan
◦ Georgia

8.  As noted on slide 4 (see accompanying map),
the classification of Eastern Europe used in the
Cold War is used to define post-Communist
Eastern Europe.
 While these states transitioned to capitalism or
democracy (or social democracy) in the late
1980s/early 1990s, they still fall within the
poorest countries in the world.
 Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary,
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia,
and Slovenia are full member states of the
European Union and NATO.
 Albania and Croatia are full members of NATO;
Croatia is due to join the EU on July 1, 2013,
and Albania is currently an EU applicant.

9.  The largest language family of Eastern Europe
is the Slavic languages, spoken to a large
extent in Central Europe, Eastern Europe,
Northern Asia, and the Balkans (see map for
details).
 West Slavic languages (sea green) are spoken
in Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia; East Slavic
languages (dark green) are spoken in Belarus,
Russia, and Ukraine; South Slavic languages
(blue green) are spoken in Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Republic of
Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.
 The smaller language families include the
Baltic languages (in Latvia and Lithuania), the
Finno-Ugric languages (in Estonia and
Hungary), and the Romance languages (in
Moldova and Romania).
 Only in Azerbaijan is a Turkic language
spoken; only in Georgia is a Caucasian
language spoken.
 The respective languages of Albania and
Armenia form their own language families.

10.  Eastern Europe is roughly divided between
Western and Eastern Christianity; the major
Western branches practiced in Eastern
Europe are Roman Catholicism (in Croatia,
Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania,
Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia) and
Protestantism (in Estonia and Latvia).
 Orthodox Christianity is followed by the
majority of the population in various Slavic
countries (Belarus, Bulgaria, Republic of
Macedonia, Montenegro, Russia, Serbia,
and Ukraine) and in a few non-Slavic
countries (Georgia, Moldova, and
Romania).
 Islam is the largest religion in Albania,
Azerbaijan, and Bosnia & Herzegovina.
 Armenia has its own church, the Armenian
Apostolic Church.

11.  Baltic states
◦ Estonia
◦ Latvia
◦ Lithuania
 Eastern Europe
◦ Armenia
◦ Azerbaijan
◦ Belarus
◦ Czech Republic
◦ Georgia
◦ Hungary
◦ Moldova
◦ Poland
◦ Slovakia
◦ Ukraine
 Southern Europe / Balkans
◦ Albania
◦ Bosnia & Herzegovina
◦ Bulgaria
◦ Croatia
◦ Republic of Macedonia
◦ Montenegro
◦ Romania
◦ Serbia
◦ Slovenia
 Eurasia
◦ Russia