Polümeerid

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 1839 Polüstüreeni (PS) – avastas Saksa
apteeker Eduard Simon, koostise tegi
kindlaks Hermann Staudinger (1930.-
ndatel), kes sai 1953-ndal makromolekulide
uurimise eest ka Nobeli preemia. Kasutatakse
plastnõude valmistamisel, vahtpolüstüreen-
pakkehelbed, lahustub atsetoonis

 1839 Kõvakummi e vulkaniseeritud kummi-
(eboniit, end. nimega vulkaniit), rabe, USAs
patendeeris tootmise C. Goodyear
1843, Inglismaal võttis patendi lõppedes 1861
kasutusele Thomas Hancock, Inglismaa
kummitööstuse rajaja.

 1863 (1869) Tselluloosnitraat (tselluloid) –
John Wesley Hyatt

 1872 Polüvinüülkloriid (PVC) – Teadaolevalt valmistas
esimest korda PVC-d kogemata Henri Victor
Regnault, teistkordselt samuti kogemata 1872 Eugen
Baumann, kasutusele võeti järkjärgult hiljem.

 1894 Viskoos (ing. k. ka rayon) - Charles Frederick
Cross, Edward John Bevan
◦ Viskoosi toodetakse puidu tselluloosist, meenutab
puuvilla. Viskoos on siiski puuvillast õrnem ja tema
hooldamisel tuleb sellega arvestada. Viskoosist esemed
kortsuvad kergesti, kuid neid on kerge triikida. Pesemisel
on hea kasutada pehmet vett, et vältida lubjaplekke.

 1908 Tsellofaan - Jacques E. Brandenberger

1909 Fenoolformaldehüüd e
fenoplastid (bakeliit, kataliin) – Esimesed nn
tõelised plastid. Bakeliidi valmistas
esmakordselt Leo Hendrik Baekeland
Lisaks lugematutele nipsasjakestele leidis
bakeliit kasutust ka igapäevaste tarbeesemete
valmistamiseks

 1912 tselluloosatsetaadi baasil fotograafias
kasutatav film (laiemalt võeti kasutusele
1934)
 1926 Karbamiid ja formaldehüüdvaigud
◦ "Compact Disc" ehk cd on sisuliselt jäik PVC

 1933 Polümetüülmetakrülaat (pleksiklaas)
 1935 Polüstüreen – avastati lihtsam võimalus
tootmiseks, 1938 võeti juba laiemalt
kasutusele

 1938 Polütetrafluoroetüleen
◦ (PTFE, teflon) - Roy Plunkett
 1938 Nailon – esimene kaubanduslik
kasutuselevõtt hambaharjade valmistamisel
◦ Nailonsukad 1939. aastast on nimetatud
tooteks, millel oli kõige murrangulisem tähtsus
rõivatööstuses.
◦ Lycra kiud (elastikkangas 1959)

 1941 Polüetüleen tereftalaat
(PET, PETE, polüester) – Whinfield ja Dickson.

 1943 Silikoonid (elastik)

 1970 Termoplastiline polüester
(Dacron, Mylar, Melinex, Teijin ja Tetoron);
 polülaktiidid

 Paaristöö, mis on hinnatav.
 Õpik lk. 185-201, kasuta ainult tavakirjas
teksti
 Küsimuste arv 7-9
◦ Erinevad küsimused ( max 2 ühte tüüpi)
 Mõistete selgitused
 Seosed
 Põhjendamine (Miks?)
 Lünktekst
 Vigade parandamine
 Väide (õige, vale)
 jne

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Polümeerid

2.  1839 Polüstüreeni (PS) – avastas Saksa apteeker Eduard Simon, koostise tegi kindlaks Hermann Staudinger (1930.- ndatel), kes sai 1953-ndal makromolekulide uurimise eest ka Nobeli preemia. Kasutatakse plastnõude valmistamisel, vahtpolüstüreen- pakkehelbed, lahustub atsetoonis

3.  1839 Kõvakummi e vulkaniseeritud kummi- (eboniit, end. nimega vulkaniit), rabe, USAs patendeeris tootmise C. Goodyear 1843, Inglismaal võttis patendi lõppedes 1861 kasutusele Thomas Hancock, Inglismaa kummitööstuse rajaja.

4.  1863 (1869) Tselluloosnitraat (tselluloid) – John Wesley Hyatt

5.  1872 Polüvinüülkloriid (PVC) – Teadaolevalt valmistas esimest korda PVC-d kogemata Henri Victor Regnault, teistkordselt samuti kogemata 1872 Eugen Baumann, kasutusele võeti järkjärgult hiljem.  1894 Viskoos (ing. k. ka rayon) - Charles Frederick Cross, Edward John Bevan ◦ Viskoosi toodetakse puidu tselluloosist, meenutab puuvilla. Viskoos on siiski puuvillast õrnem ja tema hooldamisel tuleb sellega arvestada. Viskoosist esemed kortsuvad kergesti, kuid neid on kerge triikida. Pesemisel on hea kasutada pehmet vett, et vältida lubjaplekke.

6.  1908 Tsellofaan - Jacques E. Brandenberger

7. 1909 Fenoolformaldehüüd e fenoplastid (bakeliit, kataliin) – Esimesed nn tõelised plastid. Bakeliidi valmistas esmakordselt Leo Hendrik Baekeland Lisaks lugematutele nipsasjakestele leidis bakeliit kasutust ka igapäevaste tarbeesemete valmistamiseks

8.  1912 tselluloosatsetaadi baasil fotograafias kasutatav film (laiemalt võeti kasutusele 1934)  1926 Karbamiid ja formaldehüüdvaigud ◦ "Compact Disc" ehk cd on sisuliselt jäik PVC

9.  1933 Polümetüülmetakrülaat (pleksiklaas)  1935 Polüstüreen – avastati lihtsam võimalus tootmiseks, 1938 võeti juba laiemalt kasutusele

10.  1938 Polütetrafluoroetüleen ◦ (PTFE, teflon) - Roy Plunkett  1938 Nailon – esimene kaubanduslik kasutuselevõtt hambaharjade valmistamisel ◦ Nailonsukad 1939. aastast on nimetatud tooteks, millel oli kõige murrangulisem tähtsus rõivatööstuses. ◦ Lycra kiud (elastikkangas 1959)

11.  1941 Polüetüleen tereftalaat (PET, PETE, polüester) – Whinfield ja Dickson.  1943 Silikoonid (elastik)

12.  1970 Termoplastiline polüester (Dacron, Mylar, Melinex, Teijin ja Tetoron);  polülaktiidid

13.  Paaristöö, mis on hinnatav.  Õpik lk. 185-201, kasuta ainult tavakirjas teksti  Küsimuste arv 7-9 ◦ Erinevad küsimused ( max 2 ühte tüüpi)  Mõistete selgitused  Seosed  Põhjendamine (Miks?)  Lünktekst  Vigade parandamine  Väide (õige, vale)  jne