The recent rash of hurricanes and other strong wind events has shown us how important proper roof edge design is in preventing roof and property damage. This presentation discusses the importance of roof edge and shows how to design and specify roof edge systems.
2. Credit(s) earned on completion of
this course will be reported to AIA
CES for AIA members. Certificates of
Completion for both AIA members
and non-AIA members are available
upon request.
This course is registered with AIA
CES for continuing professional
education. As such, it does not
include content that may be
deemed or construed to be an
approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction
or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product.
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Questions related to specific materials, methods, and
services will be addressed at the conclusion of this
presentation.
4. This course will cover roof edge performance and testing
and review the ANSI/SPRI ES-1 standard that is part of
the International Building Code. The next generation of
the standard, ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 will also be covered
along with the GD-1 standard that addresses gutters.
The course provides an overview of how to select the
proper roof edge system for a building so that it meets
code and stays on the building.
Course Description
5. Learning Objectives
Learning Objective 1: Understand the ANSI/SPRI ES-1 Standard
Learning Objective 2: Understand the ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1 Standard
Learning Objective 3: Understand the GD-1 Standard
Learning Objective 4: Specify metal edge systems and gutters that meet
code and stay on their buildings.
At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:
8. Company History
In business since 1945
Invented 1st pre-manufactured roof edge system
Has over 25 patents
Continues to be an innovator & leader in the industry
Located in Asheville, NC
10. What is a Roof Edge?
Acts as an effective termination and transition between the
roof and other building components
Aesthetic feature to the building exterior
Most importantly, it is a roof’s first line of defense against
wind!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L9ngIY_fzgg
15. Three SPRI Edge Standards
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
Standard that is included in IBC
ANSI SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
Revised standard just approved by ANSI
GD-1
Standard for gutters currently going through the ANSI
review process
16. Topics for Discussion
Wind Basics
Importance of Roof Edge
Perimeter Roof Edge Details & Standards
Using the ANSI/SPRI ES-1 Standard
19. It doesn’t take a hurricane
Thunderstorms also create dangerous winds
High School Gym
Muscatine, IA
Straight line winds tore
roof membrane and roof
edge
20. It doesn’t take a hurricane
Thunderstorms also create dangerous winds
Blown pavers in
Birmingham, AL
110 mph straight-line
winds recorded
21. It doesn’t take a hurricane
Thunderstorms also create dangerous winds
One type of straight-line
wind, downburst, can
cause damage equivalent
to a strong tornado
Straight-line winds can
exceed 100 mph!
22. Roofing Industry Committee On Weather Issues (RICOWI)
165 inspections were
conducted, including steep
slope and low slope roofing
7 teams of investigators to
Punta Gorda, FL after Charley
5 teams to the FL/AL border
after Ivan
23. Key Findings from RICOWI Research
Published in October, 2005 Issue of RCI
Nearly 95% of roof failures
were caused by poor
workmanship and
substituted materials
24. Key Findings from RICOWI Research
Published in October, 2005 Issue of RCI
Cleat gauge was often
less than recommended
by FM Global and
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
25. Key Findings from RICOWI Research
Published in October, 2005 Issue of RCI
• Cleat gauge was often less
than recommended by FM
Global and ANSI/SPRI ES-1
• Failure of roofing systems was
because of system failure at
the perimeter…
• The membrane attachment to
the deck cannot resist the
loads created when the
perimeter securement fails…
26. Importance of Perimeter Flashing
• “The integrity of the
perimeter flashing is a
critical first line of
defense against roof
failure.”
- Phil Smith, FM Global
27. Importance of Roof Perimeter
• During 1992’s Hurricane
Andrew, it is estimated that
75% of all losses were related
to roof failure
• A study of 145 FM Global
losses involving built-up (BUR)
systems showed 85 losses
(59%) occurred because the
roof perimeter failed
- FM Global Approved Product
News No. 2, 2005
28. Visualization of Flow over Roof
(Wind Oblique to Wall)
Accelerated
Flow
Flow SeparationMajor Vortex
Up-Draft
Down-Wash
34. FM I-49
FM Global
Loss Prevention Data
Sheet 1-49
for roofing contractors
Labor intensive to
duplicate
35. FM Global Approval Guide
List of approved
manufacturers - all
products tested and
approved by FM for
Wind Zone
Classifications
FM visits facilities
36. ES-1 Certified Roof Edges
• Edge devices
designed and tested
to resist calculated
outward pressures
• Complies with code
38. ANSI/SPRI
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) coordinates
the development and use of voluntary consensus standards in
the United States
SPRI is the recognized technical and statistical authority on the
Single Ply Roofing Industry
39. What is ANSI/SPRI ES-1?
First Roof Edge Standard for Low Slope Roofs
Reference for those who design, specify, fabricate, or install low
slope roof edges
Based upon ASCE 7-02 “Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
other Structures”
Provides a calculation method to determine uplift pressures
Prescribes test methods to determine an edge systems resistance to
wind pressures
40. 1504.5 Edge Securement for Low Slope Roofs
Low slope membrane roof systems metal edge
securement, except gutters, installed in accordance with
Section 1507, shall be designed and installed for wind
loads in accordance with Chapter 16 and tested for
resistance in accordance with ANSI/SPRI ES-1, except the
basic wind speed shall be determined from Figure 1609.
(Figure 1609 is a reference to the latest ASCE Wind Speed Map 7-02)
2003, 2006 and 2009 International Building
Code Requires ES-1
57. Importance Factor
Nature of
Occupancy
Category Non-Hurricane
Prone
Hurricane
Prone
Low Hazard I 0.87 0.77
Other II 1.00 1.00
Substantial
Hazard
III 1.15 1.15
Essential
Facilities
IV 1.15 1.15
58. Calculating roof edge design pressure
P = GCp x qz x I x kzt
P = Design Pressure
GCp = Gust factor times Pressure Coefficient
qz = Velocity pressure at building height
kzt = Topographic Factor
I = Importance Factor Multiplier
59. Safety Factor?
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
Calculation does not include a safety factor.
It is left to the designer’s discretion to add a
safety factor
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
The calculation includes a safety factor of 2.0
60. Example
80-foot tall Hospital in Knoxville, TN
Wind speed from the Map = 90 mph
Exposure “B” = Velocity pressure 41 psf
Importance Factor Category IV Building = 1.15
63. Test Protocols
There are three tests that make up the
ANSI/SPRI ES-1 Standard:
RE-1
RE-2
RE-3
64. TEST METHOD RE-1
Tests Edge’s ability to restrain membrane pull
* Only required for Mechanically attached or Ballasted membrane when there is no
“peel stop” or first row of fasteners is greater than 12” from the edge
65. TEST METHOD RE-1
Sample Size
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
A minimum 12” length mock-
up of the termination system
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
A minimum length mock up of
the termination system so as to
include a minimum of 3
fasteners at standard spacing
66. TEST METHOD RE-1
Angle of Load
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
45 degree angle to the
roof deck
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
25 degree angle to the
roof deck
67. TEST METHOD RE-1
Load Force
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
100 pounds per LF—
pass/fail
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
Test to Failure
68. TEST METHOD RE-2
ANSI/SPRI ES-1 and
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
All parts of the test
specimen shall be full size
in all dimensions
Length as designed for
field use (8’ minimum)
69. ES-1 Test Protocols
RE-2 tests the outward
pull for the horizontal
face of an edge device
70. TEST METHOD RE-3
ANSI/SPRI ES-1 and
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
Bi-Directional test for
coping caps -Face and
Top loadings applied
simultaneously
Repeated with loads on
back and top
71. ES-1 Test Protocols
RE-3 tests upward
and outward
simultaneous pull -
the horizontal and
vertical flanges of a
parapet coping cap
72. Corner Region
ANSI/SPRI ES-1
Double Fasteners in the Corner Region
ANSI/SPRI/FM 4435 ES-1
Use System Tested to Resist Calculated Loads
Fabricate Miters From That System
73. GD-1
Load Calculations Similar to ES-1
Tests similar to ES-1
Static Load Downward Based on Gutter Volume
Cycled Load Outward on Face to Failure
Cycled Load Upward on Bottom to Failure
74. Other Components of the ANSI/SPRI Standard
Metal Thickness
Galvanic Compatibility and Resistance
Appliances
Substrate
76. Galvanic Compatibility and Resistance
ANODIC OR LEAST NOBLE
(CORRODED END)
Magnesium
Zinc
Aluminum
Cadmium
Steel
Stainless Steel
Lead
Tin
Copper
Titanium
Silver
Gold
CATHODIC OR MOST NOBLE
(PROTECTED END)
79. Nailer Attachment
•In order for the edge metal to perform as tested the nailer must be properly secured.
•ANSI/SPRI ES-1 does not include tests for nailers
•FM Data Sheet 1-49 is a good reference
81. Why use the Standard?
When roof edges are designed and tested to resist the
anticipated wind forces, you get a better roof
Without a performance based test, it’s difficult compare
products or defend a specification or detail from
substitution
Establishes a minimum acceptable criteria for performance
It is in code!
84. This concludes The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems Course
Hickman Engineered Systems
PO Box 15005, Arden, NC 28704
800.892.9173
www.wph.com