The document discusses aging and care for the elderly in Myanmar. It notes that the proportion of older persons (aged 60+) is increasing in Myanmar and is projected to reach 9.1% of the population. Current programs for older people include Homes for the Aged, a home care program supported by South Korea, and older persons' self-help groups. However, many older persons still rely on family for support, which can be lacking as adult children migrate away from rural areas. The government plans to approve a National Plan of Action on aging and develop an aging policy and laws to better support the needs and rights of older persons in Myanmar.
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Care for the aged in myanmar
1. Presented by
Mr. Aung Tun Khaing
Deputy Director General
Department of Social Welfare
1
HelpAge International Asia-Pacific Regional Conference
on Aging (2012)
2012 May 8~11 Sedona Hotel, Yangon Myanmar
Care for the Aged in Myanmar
2. Country Profile
2
Southeast Asia country
Sharing border with China, Thailand, Laos, Bangladesh and
India
Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal
Area - 677,000 square km
International boundary - 6151 km
Coastal line – 2229 km
Population – 59.37 m
Population growth rate – 1.29%
Estimated Older Population (above 60 ) is 5.46 Million
(9.1%)
Older Person ratio -1:11
3. Demographic pattern in Myanmar
There is a rapid change in the structure of population in Myanmar
The proportion of children reduces over time
The proportion of people over 60 years of age increases
There is a growth of the “older olds”, people over 80
The majority of the older olds are women
There is an increase in working-aged population
5. Myanmar ageing
Good news!?– Higher life expectancy
People live longer than previous generations
People in Myanmar live now nearly ten years longer than 50 years
ago
In 1950 – 1955, 53 yrs.
In 2005-2012, 63.9 yrs.
In 2045 – 2050, 75.5 yrs.
As health systems improved, then people will become healthier and
live longer
6. Pattern of population movement
Like in other countries of Asia, there is extensive Migration
from rural to urban areas
Also migration to other countries
In many cases older people and children are left behind
7. The situation of older people
Older people usually continue to work
The majority of people do not retire nor have a pension
In many cases, the aged stay at home, when they are frail,
looked after by their relatives
But with less number of children and with more migration,
many people are staying alone
8. Current Programs for Older People
8
Home for the Aged
ROK-ASEAN Home Care Program
Older people Self Help Group
Rural Development on Ageing
Health Care Project for OPs
Day Care Centre (Pilot Study)
Paid Home (Pilot Study)
9. Home for the Aged
9
70 Homes for the Aged covering about 2300 older persons
Provide rice, funds for food, clothes, salary of the
administrators.
Technical assistance is also provided.
10. ROK-ASEAN Home care for the older people
10
First phase 2004 – 2006
Pilot project 2 townships
National YMCA
Second phase 2006 – 2009
Expansion through DSW
3 partners in 25 Townships
Third phase 2009 – 2012
Delivery system of Home Care Activities continued
Development of National Policy
10 partner organization in 154 townships
(volunteers-16624, OP-16919)
11. Older People Self Help Groups (OPSHG)
11
Target areas
Upper Myanmar : 10 villages in Pyin Oo Lwin township, 8 villages in Pathein Gyi
Township Mandalay Region
Lower Myanmar : 5 villages in Pathein township , 10 villages in Kan Gyi Daung
township, 18 villages in Kyaik Lat township, 10 villages in Shwe Thaung Yan
subtownship, Ayeyawaddy Region
Yangon : 2 Wards in Dagon (East) Township
Beneficiaries : about 20,000 OPs and their families
Formation of OPSHG :Main Committee, Fund Raising Sub-Committee, IGV Sub-
committee, Health Sub-committee, Home Care Sub- committee, DRR Sub-committee
OPSHG activities : Fund raising, Livelihood, Income Generation Venture, Health,
Home Care, DRR
12. Rural Development on Aging (RDA)
12
Reducing Economic Vulnerability through an Equitable/ Inclusively
Approach to Livelihoods – REVEAL
Target areas (Dry Zone)
Mandalay Region : Ma Hlaing tsp (15 villages)
Sagaing Region : Ayardaw tsp (15 villages)
Beneficiaries : 10,000 OPs and their families
Key Activities
Livelihood support to household with older people (in kind & in cash)
Home Care (Social Care)
Health Care
Income generation venture activities
Disaster Risk Reduction
Capacity Development to community
13. 13
Emergency Response to OPs in disasters affected areas
Cyclone Nargis affected areas in
Yangon and Ayeyawaddy
Regions(2008)
Cyclone Giri affected areas in Rahkhine
State (2010)
Ta Lay Earth quake in Eastern Shan
State (2011)
Magway Dry Zone flood in Magway
Region (2011)
14. Situation of Country conduct national integrated studies or
survey on aging
Sample Size: 4108
Coverage Township: 60
No of sample village/ward: 262
Age Group
60 to 69: M 927 + F 1045
70++ M 863 + F 1273
Total M 1972 + F 2136
% of Female OP in study: 60%
Data Collection Duration: March and April, 2012
Data Entry and Data Analysis: May 2012
Final Report: June 2012
14
15. Strategy on National Plans of ActionStrategy on National Plans of Action
Income Security
Health and Healthcare
Natural Disasters and other Emergencies
Security of care during periods of dependency
Home and Environment
Care and Support
Education and Advocacy
Monitoring and Evaluation
15
16. Future plan
16
Approving the National Plan of Action
Developing the National Committee on Ageing
Developing aging policy
Studying the International Perspective to develop the OP Law
Improving the later life of OPs
Strengthening the linkage with government organizations, civil societies,
non-government agencies and International communities for aging issues
Implementing MIPAA more effectively
Promoting the Social Pension measures for older people
17. 17
Thank you for your attention..
Towards asocietyforall ages!!Towards asocietyforall ages!!
Hinweis der Redaktion
Good Morning & Mingalaba. Now, I would like to express that I am very proud to have the opportunity of hosting this conference. We warmly welcome all participants to Myanmar. I wish all of you enjoy the days in Myanmar and hope you feel like you are at home. First and foremost I would like to express my special appreciation to HelpAge International and partners for initiation of this event, as well as special thanks to Htoo foundation and Air Bagan for bearing all the local costs. As the time-alloted is fairly short, I am going to brief you with a snap-shot of “care for the aged” in Myanmar.
May I introduce with my country. As you can see the details on the slide I am not going to elaborate it. But the thing I would Like to highlight is - the population of older persons is 5.46 million, that is 9.1% of total population. And out of that 5.46 million approximately 10% is needing special attention.
Ageing is happening fast in Asia and also in Myanmar. Currently, birth rate of children are decreasing over time while the aging rates are increasing. Interesting thing is majority of aged are women. There is also an increase in working-aged population.
We can see how progressively the population of Myanmar has changed and is changing during 1975 to 2050:
The proportion of children to aged is changed through the chronological order. Less children - and more and more aged.
So what? For us, as developing country – it can be interpreted as success as well as social challenges. We need to be prepared to overcome those challenges. The question is “how”?
People live longer than before due to improving health systems and changing live style. You can see the comparison in the slide. It’s a trend line between 1950 to 2050. You will see life expectancy boosted from 53 years to 75 years.
Like other countries in Asia, migration is a main issue in population. In some rural areas, due to internal and external migration , only older people and children are left at the origin. It is an issue that we need to focus.
Because of the demographic change, older workers are increasing. Due to lack of social pension, currently, older people are needing some sort of social security. The National Census in 2014 will give us a better understanding of their situation.
So, let’s see what counter measure we are doing for the social challenges for the aged at the operational level! Home for the Aged, ROK-ASEAN Home Care Programme, Older People Self Help Group, Rural Development on Ageing, health care project for Ops, two pilot studies on Day Care Centre and Paid Home. A number of interventions. You can observe that we are still lacking in social pension for aging. The plans are in progress.
Let me share a bit more detailed on what we are doing. Home for Aged! It was established since 1914 and still continuing. It is partly supported by the government in terms of food, clothing and operational costs.
Another one! ROK-ASEAN volunteer based home care for older people. It was started in 2004 and going through 3 phased. It is very contextually and culturally appropriate. We are continuing that intervention.
Another one! Older people self-help groups. The target area is divided into 3 sections. Upper Myanmar, Lower Myanmar and Yangon and covers 101 village tracks as implemented by HAI. It supports and improves, the income security, livelihood, skill, dignity and participation. This program contributes to the wider development of the communities too.
Another one! Rural Development for aging in dry zone. It is implemented by HAI and partners and very much in line with the national poverty reduction and rural development strategy. It focuses on the cross-cutting themes of equitability and inclusiveness.
Saying elderly care, we are not only focusing on the development mode but also in the emergency and disaster response mode too. Based upon the experience in the responses, disaster risk reduction for elderly people is mainstreamed in every programme.
While we are doing things, we would like to know more where we are in terms of aged people. A research has been conducted by HAI and partly assisted by UNFPA on the aged of Myanmar. We expect we will see the complete result of the study in June 2012.
I have presented what we did and what we are doing. In fact, we have a draft strategy to guide the actions. We give priority to the areas mentioned here in the slide.
So, what is the way forward? Approving the strategy and action plan, developing policy according to the strategy, researches, strengthening the cooperation and coordination, at different levels and other priority elderly care dimensions.
So, in brief what am I saying? In Myanmar we have the culture of caring the aged. We value the old people. Majority of aged are being looked after by their families and extended families. However, based upon the practical experience there can be a portion of aged who are not lucky enough of enjoying that sort of cares. In addition to that, considering the demographic pattern change I presented, current ways and scale of care will not be sufficient to cover the need of the aged of the near future. As a developing country we have limited capacity in terms of technical knowhow and resources. To overcome that challenge we will be very happy to collaborate with our regional bodies and partners like ESCAP, ASEAN and Asia Pacific countries who care for the elderly people. On that account, I would say that the outcome of this great event will be vital to guide and accommodate our future plan of “care for the aged”. Thank you very much.