The Terracotta Warriors were an army of clay sculptures created to guard the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang, in Xi'an, Shaanxi province. Over 700,000 slaves worked for 40 years to construct the tomb complex, which included over 8,000 Terracotta Warriors buried around the mausoleum. The sculptures were designed to represent actual infantrymen, cavalrymen, and chariots to protect the emperor in the afterlife. Each figure was uniquely crafted and many were originally painted with pigments that have since faded.

1. Terracotta Warriors By: Helen

2. What are Terracotta Warriors? Terracotta warriors were an army of warriors in the Emperor Qinshihuang's tomb (r. 221-207 BC). They were found by three farmers that were trying to dig a well. One of the farmer’s shovel hit a Terracotta Warrior.

3. What was the History of the Terracotta Warriors? All the terracotta warriors were to guard the emperor Qin Shi Huang or Ying Zheng his real name in Xi'an, 36km to the west. At the age of only 13, Ying Zheng became the first emperor of Qin State so he was named Qin Shi Huang or first emperor. During Qin Shi Huang’s life he built the famous Great Wall of China. He conquered 4 warring states. Then, he started on his tomb. He commissioned over 700,000 slaves to work on his tomb. In total, the tomb took 40 years to complete. After the tomb was finished, all the slaves that helped with the tomb was killed so that his tomb remained a secret forever – until three farmers discovered it. Thousands of sculptures (terracotta warriors) stood in fighting position and no two warriors are the same. It was also said that in his tomb had rivers of mercury around it and had several traps to catch invaders.

4. What Do They Look Like? I chose this warrior because it was unique, It had a horse. This warrior is holding a horse. The warrior is Standing and the armor that it wears are hard. I think this warrior is a fighting warrior because It had a strong armor and it had a horse with him so that the transportation is faster. He doesn’t have color because I think it was because too many years had passed so all the color fell off. The texture of this warrior is smooth because it is made out of clay but bumpy in the armor. The shape of this warrior is the shape of a human and The size average height is 177.7 cm. The pattern On the armor of this warrior features pieces of metal drilled in with drills ( I think ).

5. How Were They Made? There were 3 steps to making a Terracotta Warrior: 1. Figure Creation 2. Firing 3. Glazing and Coloring

6. Figure Creation: Head Head: First, the artisans molded a inner core which looked roughly like the head Second, they applied many layers of mud to make it change shape Finally, they carved, molded the head to add more details such as eyebrows, ears, and eyes.

7. Figure Creation: Body First, they made the foot plate Second, they made the feet. Next was the hollow torso, it was made by winding strips of clay upwards. After the torso had been dried in the shade, artisans attached hollow arms. Finally, they added small details with their carving tools

8. Firing The figures of the warriors and horses were fire in kilns The degree of heating had to be maintained around 1,000 Celsius (1,830 Fahrenheit) The figure had to be put upside down because the upper part of the figure was heavier than the lower part. This shows that the Chinese works had understood the centre-of-gravity rule two thousand years ago.

9. Glazing and Coloring The terracotta warriors had colors but because of the long period of time, the colors began to peel off The warriors had hair buns with reddish brown and the faces were pink. Their hands were dark red or white and their legs were pinkish green or dark read. They wore pinkish green robes and reddish brown shoes These were all discovered by archaeologists.

10. What Were They Made Of? Yellow Earth (or clay) It took 105 days to make one Terracotta Warrior! Think how long it would be to make a whole army! They had color on them before but because of the time, many colors have been peeled off and vanished.

11. What was their Purpose/Discovery? Their purpose was to guardChina's 1st Emperor Qin Shihuang. Emperor Qin Shihuang believes that the terracotta warriors will protech him.

12. What My Feelings Are About Them The first time I saw a terracotta warrior in real life was in Xi’an, so I wasn’t very surprised about the terracotta warriors now. However, I didn’t know that the terracotta warriors were colored before! I was also very surprised about the center-of-gravity rule. I noticed that each terracotta warrior had its own expression and they all had different faces and emotions. Some are kneeling, some are angry, some have wider noses, some have larger eyes and some are riding horses!

13. Bibliography "Answers.com - How Long Did It Take to Make a Single Terra Cotta Warrior." WikiAnswers - The Q&A Wiki. Web. 20 Mar. 2011. <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_long_did_it_take_to_make_a_single_terra_cotta_warrior>. "Make Terracotta Sculptures, Qin Terracotta Army Making Process." China Travel Agency,ChinaTours,Beijing Tour Packages,24/7 Service. Web. 20 Mar. 2011. <http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shaanxi/xian/terra_cotta_army/sculpture.htm>. "Antiquity, Project Gallery: Komlos." Web. 21 Mar. 2011. <http://antiquity.ac.uk/projgall/komlos/komlos.html>. "Terracotta Warriors - a historical introduction to Xi'an's Terracotta Army and China's First Emperor." Imperial Tours - Luxury tour operator for China. 21 Mar. 2011 <http://www.imperialtours.net/terracotta_warriors.htm>. "Terra Cotta Warriors pictures from china photos on webshots." travel photos and pictures on webshots. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2011. <http://travel.webshots.com/photo/Jurries, Amy. "Pilot Guides: Army of Ghosts: Terracotta Warriors." The official Globe Trekker website. 23 Mar. 2011 <http://www.pilotguides.com/destination_guide/asia/china/terracotta_warriors.php>.

14. THANK YOU and I hoped you enjoyed my presentation! 