Waste water reuse in Alexandria Egypt

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Study Tour and Workshop “Sustainable Sanitation for the City of the Future” Netherlands 18th – 24th April 2010

Who am I ?

Wastewater Reuse in Alexandria
and Future Sanitation vision.

I’m the grandson of the
World Civilization builders,
7000 years ago.

My roots are from Upper
Egypt, Edfo, Aswan. Born
in Alexandria.

Presented by
Dr. Helaly Abdel Hady Helaly
General Manager of Industrial wastewater, Sludge and Reuse sector.
Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company.
Alexandria – EGYPT.

i.e I’m the Typical Egyptian
Representative (from north
to south).

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-0105201367
e-mail : drhelalley@hotmail.com


Employment History:

Presented by Dr. H.A.Helaly

2005 date

General Manager of the Sector of Industrial waste, Sludge
and Reuse.

20042005

General Manager of Sludge dewatering facility and West
Wastewater treatment plant.

19932004

Manager of Industrial waste department in ASDCO.

19851993

Education :


Ph.D. in Environmental Science,
"Evaluation of Alexandria Wastewater Treatment System"
El Suez Canal University (2004).

M.Sc. in Environmental Science,

General Manager of landfill and composting facilities –
ASDCO.

19981999


Superintendent of the Central Laboratory – ASDCO

"Seasonal Variation of Alexandria Wastewater properties",
Alexandria University (1988).

B.Sc. in Agricultural Science
Water & Land Section – Faculty of Agriculture and Environment
Alexandria University (1981).

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-0105201367

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-0105201367

Dr. Sama MZ

Dr. Sama MZ


Practical Experience :


Practical Experience :

•Managing, operating and maintaining sanitary landfill facilities for solid and hazardous waste.


•Projects Management and Industrial Wastewater Assessment in cities and Industrial and
Touristic Facilities.

•Managing and operating Windrow sludge treatment facilities.
•Management of Industrial waste treatment systems in Industrial facilities.
•Management of Effluent reuse projects.
•Management of handling and collecting industrial waste and safe disposal.
•Managing and operating wastewater treatment plants and sludge dewatering facility.
•Management of Industrial waste reduction projects.
•Managing and operating sludge disposal facility.
•Applying the Environmental and health conditions of the Mediterranean sea inspection
program (in cooperation with the Scientific Research Academy and the National research
center).

•Managing and operating Industrial waste control projects in Alexandria Sanitary
Company.
•Managing and operating industrial waste and research labs in ASDCO. (Supervision of
wastewater pilot plants).

•Studies and research on effluent and sludge reuse in Alexandria.
•Arranging Training courses and workshops on different environmental impacts of collecting
and treatment of liquid waste on the marine and land ecosystem.

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-0105201367

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-0105201367
Dr. Sama MZ

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•Applying industrial waste treatment researches for Alexandria factories (in cooperation
with Scientific research Academy).

Dr. Sama MZ

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City of the Future

The overall goal of the SWITCH project is to
catalyze change towards more sustainable
urban water management in the
"City of the Future”.

City of the Future
Dr. Sama MZ


City of the Future

City of the Future

In the city of the future the wastewater system should include the
following:

Is the city with zero exhaust

•Bio solids Energy & Resource Recovery.

All the activities of the wastewater system does not produce
any carbon.

•Biogas Recovery.
•Heat Recovery.
•Pressure Energy Recovery.
•Water Reclamation & Reuse.
•Phosphorus Recovery.



My Dream about Alexandria in the Future.

In the city of the future the wastewater system should include the following:

Wastewater Reuse
in Alexandria

Complete reuse of wastewater effluent in arid areas of the western
desert. And be used as an effective tool to fight desertification and solve
Lake Maryout pollution problems.
Switching to Decentralization management .
Achieving balance in restoring costs of operation and maintenance,
through using appropriate technologies and environmentally friendly
methods in wastewater treatment.

Dr. Sama MZ

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Location of Alexandria Governorate :


Overview of Current Situation
in Alexandria

Total surface area is about 2680 km2
Dr. Sama MZ


Dr. Sama MZ


Land Use (Residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture areas:

Land Use (Residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture areas:



•Municipality and Urban area which represents the rest part of the governorate area
(about 12% and 310 km2) including the following uses:
•Housing buildings of about 46 % ,
•Industrial buildings of about 19 %,
•Roads, railway, and marine uses of about 29 %
•Public and recreation areas of about 3% and
•Military buildings of about 3 %

•Desert land which represents about 53%
of the governorate area of about 1430 km2
and mainly lies in the west and western
south of the city.
•Agricultural uses of total area of about
730 km2 represents about 27% of the total
area of the governorate which mainly lies
in the south and eastern south.

8%

12%

53%
Desert Land
Agricultural land
Surface water
Municipal and Urban

27%

Housing buildings
3% 3%
29%

•Surface water area which represents
about 8% of the total area of the
governorate and includes lakes, canals,
drains and fishery farms with total area of
about 210 km2.

Industrial Buildings
46%

Roads and Railways
Public and Recreation
areas

19%

Military buildings

Dr. Sama MZ


Dr. Sama MZ


Areas covered by a sewer system :

Main Sewer Lines and Pumping Stations

extends about 32 km (20 miles)
(20
along the coast of the
Mediterranean sea

100000 m3/d

45000 m3/d

45000 m3/d

285000 m3/d

260000 m3/d

17280 m3/d

850000 m3/d

55000 m3/d

Mixed to Sewer the population is served by wastewater
Up 86% of System (domestic, storm water and
86%
industrial wastewater).facilities

Main Pump Stations in Alexandria.
Dr. Sama MZ

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Dr. Sama MZ


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Final Disposal points of Alexandria wastewater

Main Wastewater Treatment Plants


The Main drains in Alexandria are:
• El Qalaa which receives the effluent of ETP.
• West Noubaria and El Omoum drain dispose into the Mediterranean through Lake Maryout.
Quala Drain
92,358
El-Mex Pumping
Station
7,993,945

Sea Locks
82,200

East Treatment Plant
607,000
432,236

West Treatment
Plant
410,325
Evapotranspiration
169,344

Semouha Drain
19,152
Amlak Drain
65,664

Lake
Mayout

Gonet Zohra
Drain
131,616

receives pollution
loads from rural areas
QUALA
915,790

Underground water
24,974

Nubaria Canal
2,530,000
Dr. Sama MZ

Omoum Drain
4,200,000


Dr. Sama MZ


Factors affecting the wastewater system in the future


1. Population growth, city expansion and wastewater flows
2. Wastewater composition, industrial discharges and the enforced effluent
standards

Factors affecting the wastewater system
in the future

3. Demand for effluent (industrial, urban and agricultural reuse; location,
required qualities and potential quantities)
4. Intrusion of saline water into the sewer system

Dr. Sama MZ


Alexandria city is expected to face the following challenges:

Dr. Sama MZ


Wastewater production and STP’s capacity (Master plan 2037)


3000000

2500000

•

Water Demand Increase (population, economic, industrial and social activities).

•

Semi-arid zone (little rain fall 150-200 mm/year).

Wast water daily rate

S.T.P capacity

m3/year).

•

Limited groundwater Potential (Fresh, 3 million

•

Down stream main irrigation system.

•

Water quality degradation (44% Industrial Activities of which 60% is petrochemical Activities)

•

2000000

Climate Change (sea rise, 19 km2, 1.5 million person , 30 million US$ …..)

Produced
1500000

1000000

500000

Therefore, it is important to en light

“ Effluent

Reuse”
0
2006

2012

2017

2022

2027

2032

2037

Year

Dr. Sama MZ

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Dr. Sama MZ


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Benefits of Alexandria effluent Reuse

Alexandria effluent Reuse Definition:


Leading to
Economical and safe reuse of Alexandria Effluent

Is the optimum use of Alexandria treated effluent
through appropriate technologies and the best
management practices to achieve best outcomes in
terms of environmental basis and public health .

to
• Ensure the optimum use of this water resource.
• Protect the environment of Alexandria especially the aquatic
environment.

Dr. Sama MZ


Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse

Dr. Sama MZ




Could effluent reuse be one of the effective tools to establish an integrated
.
wastewater management ?
• Is it a critical need to reuse now ? or in the future ?
• Are the other water resources still better than effluent reuse ?
to

Or
• Solve problems of Lake Maryout and water bodies.
• Solve problems of calcareous and sandy soil in arid areas.
• Solve problems of re-using Agricultural drains water.

Dr. Sama MZ




•Does reuse have other concerns regarding environment, public health
and national safety ?

Dr. Sama MZ




To act as

An effective tool to sustain high effluent quality from Alexandria
treatment plants.

Isn’t having and developing national
technologies for effluent re-use
under all circumstances a must ?

An effective tool to solve the problem of flocculation of effluent
quality.
An effective tool in increasing self purification efficiency during
transporting treated effluent from Alexandria to the arid areas.

Dr. Sama MZ

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Dr. Sama MZ


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Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water
& Degree of Treatment

Alexandria Effluent Reuse Restrictions :

Ser.

Description

Unit

First Group
Preliminary
Treated Water

1

B.O.Ds

Part per million

300

40

C.O.D. Dichoromate

Part per million

600

80

40

3

T.S.S.

Part per million

350

40

20

4

Oils and Grease

Part per million

undetermined

10

5

5

Number of Enteric Nematode Cells or eggs

Number/litre

5

1

1

6

Number of Fecal Coliform Cells

For every 200/m2

undetermined

1000

100

7

Maximum Concentration of Total Dissolved
Salts
(according to plant endurance degree)

Part per million

Until 2500

Until 2000

Until 2000

8

Rate if sodium
Adsorption (permeability according to type
of soil & plant)

9

25

20

20

9

Chlorides Concentration

Part per million

until 350

300

300

10

Boron Concentration

Part per million

until 5

Until 3


20

2

Until 3

Dr. Sama MZ

Second Group
Secondary
Treated Water

Third Group
Advanced
Treated Water


• Feasibility of effluent reuse versus discharging to water
bodies (i.e disposal by dilution)
• Alexandria effluent quality.

How to sustain continuous high quality effluents according to wastewater
reuse criteria in terms of organic and pathogenic parameters.

Dr. Sama MZ

Decree 44/2000 :Reusing Treated Wastewater in Agriculture; Degree of Treatment,
44/
Kind of Plant & Soil, and Method of Irrigation


Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water
& Degree of Treatment
contd…..
contd…..


Degree of
Treatment

Group

First

Primary

Second

Secondary

Third

Advanced

Plants

Environmental & Health
Precautions

Trees for Timber

Fencing farms
No direct contact with water
and entrance of farm workers
only
Prohibit from entering farms
Take health measures required
for the protection from
infection with pathogenic
organisms and treatments

Palm trees, cotton, flax, linen, jute
Fodder crops & dried cereals
Husky fruits & crops
Cooking vegetables
Heat processed fruits
Flower nurseries
Raw edible plants
Husky plants

Suitable
Irrigation
Methods


Degree of
Treatment/Standards
Metal

Proposed Kind of
Soils

Unit

First Group
Preliminary

Second Group
Secondary

Third Group Advanced

0.01

Food should be cooked prior to
eating

All kinds of horticulture crops
Fodder & green grasses

None

All
methods
except
spraying

Dr. Sama MZ

Lead

Part per million

10

5

5

Copper

Part per million

Undetermined

0.2

0.2

Nickel

Part per million

0.5

0.2

0.2

Part per million

Undetermined

2

2

Part per million

Undetermined

Undetermined

0.1

Chrome

Part per million

Undetermined

Undetermined

0.1

Part per million

Undetermined

0.2

0.2

Part per million

0.2

0.2

0.2

Iron
All kinds for soil

0.01

Molybolenum (green fodder only)

Light medium texture

0.06

Arsenic
Furrow &
sprinkling

Part per million

Manganese

Cattle not yielding milk, and
producing met could be used

Cadmium

Zinc

Furrow

Light texture
authorized for use in
desert land 5 km away
from dwelling
communities while
complying with
periodical assessment
of the environment

Part per million

Undetermined

5

5

Cobalt

Part per million

Undetermined

0.05

0.05

Dr. Sama MZ


Decree 44/2000 :Egyptian Microbiological Quality Standards for Treated Wastewater
44/
Use in Agriculture

Classification of Plants and Crops Allowed to be Irrigated With Treated Water

Agricultural
Group
Group (A)

Sub-group

Description

Plants and trees cultivated in green areas in
resorts and hotels

1-2

Grass for golf playgrounds
Plants and trees cultivated in green areas inside
cordon of residential areas in new cities.

Grass, Gustine grass, ornamental palm trees, climbing plants,
shrubs, wooden trees, shade trees

2-1

Fodder products

In condition to be ripped and dried in sunrays before to consumed
by animals.

2-2

Fruit trees

Cereals products

Products processed by heating and drying before consumed as
wheat, barley, and maize.

2-4

Suitable trees for highways plantation and green
belts around cities

Dates palm and olive.

2-5

Plant nurseries
Roses and gathering flowers

3-1

Plants producing industrial oils

٦

A
“Unrestricted”

B

Caster oil plant, etc..

Fibers products

Flax, jute, hemp, etc..

Roses, gladiolus, etc..

3-3

Dr. Sama MZ

<1000d

A series of stabilization
ponds designed to
achieve the
microbiological quality
indicated, or similar
treatment

Workers,
consumers
and public

Nursery wood plants, ornamental plants or fruit trees.

3-2

Group (C)

Irrigation of crops
likely to be eaten
uncooked, sports
fields, public parksd

Grass, Gustine grass, ornamental palm trees, climbing plants,
shrubs, wooden trees, shade trees

2-6
Group (B2)

Exposed
Group

Wastewater treatment
expected to achieve
required microbiological
quality

<1

Re-use Conditions

In condition to be produced and preservation in cans or processed as
orange, lemon, mango, olive, dates palm, or nuts, coconuts.

2-3

Category

Faecal coliforms
(geometric mean
no./100 mlc)

Playground grass in addition to the mentioned in 1-1

1-3

Group (B1)

1-1


Intestinal
nematodesb
(arithmetic mean
no. of eggs/litrec)

Mulberry for the production of silk
Wooden trees

C

Local mulberry, Japanese mulberry.

4-1

All kinds of wooden trees.


Dr. Sama MZ

Irrigation of cereal
crops, industrial
crops, fodder crops,
pasture and treese

Localised irrigation
of crops in category
B if exposure of
workers and the
public does not
occur

Workers

None

<1

Not applicable

<1000

Not applicable

Retention in
stabilization ponds for
8-10 days or equivalent
helminth and faecal
coliform removal
Pretreatment as
required by the
irrigation technology,
but not less than
primary sedimentation

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Options to face the challenges (Projects, costs and use).
use).

Challenges and problems of reusing Treated Effluent at Alexandria :

• Publishing Feasibility studies for the project.

• Choosing the best tool to Manage the project and the

• Establishing an effective appealing tool.

supervision of all its components.

• Demonstrating different alternatives for the reuse

• The project area has not been completely dedicated yet.

options.

٣٨



To ensure success of the project :

To start the project:

•Establish a committee from concerned authorities and those
who benefit from wastewater reuse.

• Activation of team works between Ministries and concerned
authorities and mainly Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation and

•Dedicating suitable location of arid land to be used for reuse.

Alexandria Sanitary Drainage company and the Executive
•It is a must to upgrade the available wastewater reuse studies
(mainly WRc study).

Organization for Water and Wastewater.

•Find an appropriate funding authority.

The project studies are ready and include technical and
economical studies.

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Who would be the initiator of this project:

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Recommendation To Enhance Alexandria Effluent Reuse
It is a must to

1. The Ministry of Irrigation.
2. Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company (ASDCO.)
3. Executive organization for water and wastewater.

Why ?

-Re-pricing different types of clean water to achieve actual costs in order to

save, to spot light effluent reuse .
-Enhancing behavior of effluent reuse in new towns and rural areas.
-Applying Grey water reuse systems in different appropriate reuses, in

different locations of Alexandria.

1. Ministry of Irrigation is responsible for National Irrigation Plan.

-Giving benefits to re-users to encourage them.
2. ASDCO is responsible for Management of Alexandria Wastewater System.
3. The Executive Organization is responsible for construction works and
budgeting.


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Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 0020105201367

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Waste water reuse in Alexandria Egypt

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