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NATURAL BIOLOGICAL IMITATIONS
by
Harun Yahiya
Translated by
Mohammed Nazir Ahmed
18852 N, Woodale Tr
Lake Villa, IL 60046 U.S.A
Year of Edition 2013
ISBN 978-93-5073-214-4
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Published by
EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE
3108,Vakil Street, Kucha Pandit, Lal Kuan, Delhi-6(INDIA)
Ph : 23216162, 23214465, Fax : 0091-11-23211540
E-mail: info@ephbooks.com,ephdelhi@yahoo.com
website: www.ephbooks.com
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Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
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Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک
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Biomimetics ٹیکنالوجی. فطرت کی نقل کرنے کی ٹیکنالوجی کا استعمال کرتے ہوئے کی طرف سے کام کرتا ہے کہ ایک ٹیک

  • 1. ¡~§»CÇZ] BIOMIMETICS Ú’ßÌ ;gzy¼ Új†qÜ ·2+k,Z£ ôp !{3ýEO è ]£te © NATURAL BIOLOGICAL IMITATIONS by Harun Yahiya Translated by Mohammed Nazir Ahmed 18852 N, Woodale Tr Lake Villa, IL 60046 U.S.A Year of Edition 2013 ISBN 978-93-5073-214-4 Biomimetics ¡~§»CÇZ] : **xÂ[ ;gzy¼ : ' ·2+k,Z£ : áW 3102Y : Zá®) è“ ú6,ÚkÔŠ‹X6 : - Published by EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHING HOUSE 3108,Vakil Street, Kucha Pandit, Lal Kuan, Delhi-6(INDIA) Ph : 23216162, 23214465, Fax : 0091-11-23211540 E-mail: info@ephbooks.com,ephdelhi@yahoo.com website: www.ephbooks.com 12 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 2. z„ 5 ¬gs' 8 ‡gMÐæ[ 11 ž 19 (Chapter 1) ª!*[ f;„ZâY 33 (Chapter 2) ŠzuZ!*[ 7ŠzV~eiZíZzg¡~§»CÇ 43 (Chapter 3) ŠZ!*[ !*¾Zzg8ïELHS +C4ø E EE Šg]~  46 (Chapter 4) aå!*[ ñŽVZzgZg¬á]»ZEw 54 (Chapter 5) 0*vZV!*[ Y0+ZgZâYZzgQhZy)ßY 60 (Chapter 6) Ù!*[ ÐHJMh ZâV ³ë 74 (Chapter 7) ‚ÂZV!*[ |™ƒD (, )ßYÐ (Organs) 88 (Chapter 8) W^ZV!*[ ¡~§»CÇZzg®y 96 (Chapter 9) âZV!*[ Y0+ZgzVÅÜ™D ž gz!*FŽ 106 (Chapter 10) ŠÎZV!*[ g]~)ßY Š 116 ÃtSg»YZq-Šðž // 34 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 3. ¬gs' Y~ 1956 °**yZºÔ'Ô;gzy¼ÆN**xИÔZØ{~ aZƒñ¸XZ’ZðZzgU*â~½ZØ{~å™äƈQrVäWgFŽ Y1980 Z¾wÆzg‹yYeÐZzg#;ŽZ¾w-Eg;ÐqÝŶX ÆŠìÐZrVä(„Ô‚bZzgo{Ð0)b6,FZq-ÂÁáù ™ŠZðX;gzy¼äÔ¨'ÆZg»YIzVÆÑLŠúîV»7w Å%~ZzgéxZzgeZgz2xzñ4,xÆŠgxy({SŽh6,Zë»xuZxŠ¶ Æn»°¬@à]gnpX Zi!*âV~ƒZìÔŽù¦îg6, 63 ;gzy¼Æ»x»F,À™*Æ DÙZg¦k,~Âí]g‚rìX 40 DÙZg,]Zzg 55 Zy»N**xŠzlk9zVÅc*Š~g3ŠHìÔMVä°xzoÏÆ 6,Sk!*]Å´#ÖìžQyÆ Cover Üs].z4ŶX9Å&=ç NXÂ1VÆ Â1VÆQÔ9ƳxÐÝìÔtúÒÏ™CìŒÛWyZzg6,ZÅ|]·å XŒÛWãZzg<LÅgÉð~'ZCÐÑBžF,Šh+™,CÙZq-ãCŠ~ Å ŠCÙc*ðÃc*]ÅZzggÇgÎwZvÆWy~[Ãå7Ã@*žè<ØÆÜs QàzZá‚g}Z‹ZŸ]Ãåîg6,{ñl™ZÃXWy~9ÔXÃZ•ðf;-$ Zq-´#Ö³xÆgnpÔ7gZ™ä ZzgZ)F,+ZÜtqݐÔÅ$Ág gÎwZvÆWy~[ÃÔ³xœÆ‚BX nZ°g — ;gzy¼Æ‚g}»xZLW~gnpZq-zZuÑ ‡gMÅÈZ‚ÛZð™**Ko}Ð0ãCŠ~)bÃÔZv»zŽŠZzg — ŒÛWã QkÅzuZ+MÔˆÅi0+ÏÔZzgŠCÙc*ðÂñVÆ$zgãCŠzVZzgQyÆ™}ƒñ Ãc*]ÃÒZi!*x™**Ôƒ@*ìX FZq-˜´~;gzy¼Ã7,JY@*ìÔZ&+c*ÐZ%MJ-ÔZÖÐ Z&+zkJ-Ô7CÐ1_540î GE GJ-ÔZÜÐ',ZisJ-ÔŠÐZOJ-ԁÛZ÷Ð ,gtZzggzkJ-X Z3øÔ DZ‹ÔÛõÔ`ðÔ : SyʼnÂÁfsÅi!*âV~Šø7[ ™z^1 _54è E GEÔ ZðAÔ6,&¿.ç GY GEÔZgŠzÔ²Z,-ÔZ Å5454jè EGE GEÔe»ÔÎZVÔ!*‚ԊɸÔgzÏÔu1X 7É4øGI ÔâáÔ-&¿.çG Y GÔF,ÅÔZ&+z>ÔXàÔeZøZzgÎi+lz){~X ZyÂ1VÅ‚g~™*~ŠgŠZãìXtÂÁZq-4+fg=g„ÔF Zq-ßÍVÆnÔŠz!*g{ZZyÑäZv6,ZzgqÝ™ä!*ÚÃ~ZLo{~X 'ÅÂÁZŠgZuZzgZÜmZzgZqÐi~§i’k,Æ‚BK~W‚yÔ!*°Z„ ZW,Z0+Ziƒä~"éƒDXCÙZq-ŽSyÃ7,kìz{¤ÏÆ‚B&ì ŠCÙe$Åc*Ãð™}ƒñ  SyÂ1VÆQÃÔZzg9‡gM@*G7™0*D Ãc*]Åc*âŠ~#;ÅXYètÂÁ!~ÐZW,Z0+ZiƒäÅÔ{§pZ{}òaZ ™äÅÔZzg**‡.ÞF,Šh+&6VÃQ¸gäÅ{¤gBbX8-ö GW žZ¤/7,JðÆ ¿Ã$+2gYg~g3YñÂz{Zq-_.!*CZÜZgÌaZ™DÔYètÂÁÔ ŠCÙc*ðÃc*]æñQyÅãCŠzVÐQ3hwX ÓxŠzgq¢ÆZïg~’k]Z[Ãc*Cîg6,“ÃlЊzegƒ` XZv»]ìž;gzy¼ÅÂÁSkì~ZëF,+»xZxŠ}g„X "—t³ìŒÛWyÅf;-$Zzg™sÍð»X'‚ŠÏÐSgZŠ{™D }.#Ö™ä»ÔgZq-ÑÆZ¨K+Mňl~ZvÆÜZožÆnXz, SyÂ1VÅZá®)~Ãðâàœ»gÛâ7ìX 56 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 4. ZzgŽŠzuzVÅj,Z‚ÛZð™DÔ7,"ZyÂ1VÃÔÅ%QyÆ Šâ¨VÃZzgŠßVÃÔZzgQyÅgÚ~™DÔƒäic*Š{pŠ4ŠÈ}ZvÆÔÍc*ž ™DZq-{}.#ÖZvÅgZ{~X SkŠzgZyÔt ${- ÷ GE GZz‡]ZzgÂZ**ðƒÇÔZzgZ¤/ZzgŠzu~Â1VÃ(,JzZŠ,Ž aZ™DÔáYD‡gMÃÃc*C (Cofusion) ßÍVÆf~V~ZF~ Ãð¢oZzgYì Z%w)$+(ŧsZzgŽZKÂ1V~zZãîg6,7gnp ZW,Z]Šzg™äßÍVÆ›ßVÆ2]ÃÔZ,~z{H¤&™MhZL‚— ƒY@*ì²Â1V»Sk§bÐ Š!*]ÐXZzg‡gM6,Â1V»ZW,Z0+Ziƒ****e F,KM0***žQyÐ'ÅZŠ!¤‰Ü6,izgŠbÅpƒ@*ìÔOñSkÆßÍVà o{ÅŠ¶Ðôpgpp»—F,Ñ7ÃX t—F,ÑZq-(,ZZW,%A$™@*ìZZyâïЇìgpp~Xz{Ž Sk!*]6,—™DÔŠNMhž;gzy¼ÅÂ1V»ÑÔ$+ZNŠ~6,‡1 0***ZzgnZ°gŒÛWãìX»x!ZzgZ:tªCÙƒ@*ì‡gMÆZNŠ~XZq-!*] åŠâr~gDbecžßÍVÅZÒe$ÆnÕÔ',Z×VZzgŠzu}p+u ìXtƒçÑ}Å zZu]Ã',ŠZ“™äÅZëzz$+ZNŠ~ÆÃc*]»;î ',Z×VÔ$+ZNŠ~ÆÃc*]œлƒMhX Z#ëàD}.ZððÆZÛ"ÔZzgŒÛWãZܹZŠZgZzg‚³ZÏÃC ¥â]ßÍVJ-ÔÂßvSyx]6,¿™ÆõZzguÅi0+Ï*ZgMhXZ¤/™*Å ñŽŠ{qª6,¨g™DÂëŠÙžtqÑ]™*ÃáYg쐟ŠÔ$+Zzg g~Ô®Z™sîgÐøg~WzZiÃz‰ÜÅ$¹é FNg¯äc…ZLÑÇ¿OW, = ×zVÆ ÁZ0+Zi~!gëg~ÐZ¨K+MÆ‚t7™**ƒÇÔzg:ˆZiz‰ÜÅ!*]ƒYñÏX SkÃÒ~;gzy¼ÅÂÁZq-Z뙊ZgZŠZ™g„XZvÆ™xÐ z,œ~ÆßvqÝ™ÃÐ 21 tÂÁƒVÏZq-Zëzr5Ïî GTÆfg= ZðÔZ»sZzgpÙÔ6žŒÛWy~z°{HŠHìX// ‡gMÐæ[ ÃtSg»YÆ{Ø6,Ô–™äÅzztìžt (Chapter) Zq-{m!*[ ÃtÓxgzqãVÅ#¿ÅãCŠƒ@*ìÔ*¸Šl,|΂ßVÆŠzgZy eZgz"2.ç GE GExÔðÅ|ÐZïgZzgZvÆzŽŠÅÔ™@*g;ìÔßÍVÃQyÆo} Ð',X™äZzgZ+Ð0›ßV~2]aZ™ä~Z뙊ZgZŠZ™@*g; ìXZq-ÒpÐtÃtSg»YÅF,)ã™@*ìXSknúZx»Zq-ZëÛ9Zzg**¦/k, ¢zg]ìž−žÃtSg»YZq-ŠðžìÔZzgSkÅVÐZLWÃôpgOX øg}‡gM~ÐP„0*Dñ§7,"»øg~Â1V~Ð ÜsZq-„Â[XZknëìw™DžtoƒƒÇXgÄgh,CÙZq- Â[~Zq-!*[ÃtZg»Y6,X'Å‚g~Â1V~Ôo}Ð0)bÔ ŒÛWãWc*]ÅgzÝ~ŒñYDÔZzgßÍVÊú]Š~YCìžY3ZvÆ ZÖpZzgQyÆÒpÐZKi0+ŠHV*Zg,X Óxñç¬]ŽZvÅWc*]Ð0ƒCÔSk§bŒðYCž ‡gMÆ›wzŠâr~“uz2]c*ÎZÑ]ÅÃðRö!*¹:gìX%æFNïmÔ ‚ŠÏZzgplZ|[§i’k,»ZEw¢ŠÑ@*ìžCÙ/»CÙZq-¿ŽË̉ ìwÐzZhƒ@*ìÔW‚ãÆ‚BSyÂ1VÙYìX ~X tOW,ÁZzg™sZ0+ZiÒye¯@*ì7,|eZ%Â1VÃZq-„Ü YD 85Âî G z{ŽñÐgzq+MÃgŠ™DÔOW,ƒDQy›ëÐŽ7G 78 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 5. SyÂ1V~ÔZzgSyÂ1VÆQÅCðà 9Ÿ5Õä ENHä70*DX ;gzy¼ÅtÂ[ZzgŠzu~ÓxÂÁZÐZŠ~îg6,c*Zq-¤/z~7,S Zzgik,cÑðYCXz{‡gMŽÂ1VÐÃZ+{¾**eTÔSyIt#ù „»gWæ0*DYèz}Zq-Šzu}ÃQyÆZLÂ1VÐ0@*W,Z]Zzg Š!*]ÐWÇ{™MhX ´z{Zi,ÔtZq-ZsxÅ(,~}.#ÖƒCìžßvS®)~çzyƒV ZzgSyÂ1VÃzWe:6,{mz¬x™ä~ŠpŠ¬NXYètÂÁZvÅ pÛŠ~Æn舐X -VÂ'Ń„ÂÁZ‹yн~ƒCÔSkÒpÐFè<Ø ÃŠzuzVJ-T仃Ð4§ißÍVÃSyÂ1VÃ7,"ÆngZá™** Zzgj,Z‚ÛZð™**ƒ@*ìX QyÅYC잇g~Ô'ÅZzgŠzu~Â1VÆWy~,]»Ìg {m_·™,ÐÔŽSyƤ/ZVŠgu*ñZŠo}Ð0ƒDŽ Sg»YÅF,Šh+™DX Ãt tƒÂÁ7,"~Ûs# +Bø EI Ô$WñiZzg»gWæƒCZzgCÙÒpÐ ‡.ÞdÌX SyÂ1V~‰Šzu}Â1VÆ',ÜsÔ?70*îÐÔ'Å— gZñiã}ÌÔZzgzŸ¬»**‡.Þ½zâ~.zV6,FF7ƒCÔ§i’k,~ lkñç¬]Ð0³]zZZx»g{mìwg3Y@*ìZzg)¢zg~ ‰wÆIt#ÔŽŠâr~2]Zzg›w~ZžZs»¥DyaZ™DÔÐ ZZiHY@*ìX // 910 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 6. ž (Introduction) ìw™zž?äZq-"ˆ[îg6,-âewƒZð˜i»‚iz‚âyÇ Ðyh+1ìXù?ÓxôzV (Ÿ-žõ EE ZbZYÆ‚B”VÃZq-F,KM~gnpƒ? 6,Š~ˆ£zk,»ç¤™DƒXA$Z0+gŠñ‰ Box ¬Ô"—Ô?CÙ§bÐ @Zc*]ÆÒpÐ7g}§i¿ÃZq-Z"g~^~Zq-âewÆ!*ëÂ4+ §&~Ô%ËtÆgnpX 85Âî GW ÃðF,vŽ@Zc*]~Ãð¶ƒCìÂ?QÌZ+ÃðÃ@*„»Èzn Z¤/?¬„ÔÐZq-Z+§iƃZð˜i»Zq-%:gnpƒX — ™feƒ »eiZígZq-gÚƈÅËF,KM~»x Plane ¬Ðglj WYìXÇSϧ&~ZEw™DƒñZq-"ÍeiZí¡]~g ‚ây‚B~Qy„Æ / Zq-âewƁÛZë™@*ìZ"g~gZ5eiZí™ä Zdwƹ„6,¡½ï EHÂZ0+Zi~XSk!*]ÅZÇ„Æ‚BÔZÒ‚bŠZVZzg ÆâCÙ+Y0+ZgzVÅVßV»_·™DISkÆ (RSO) ïz(,ðF,~ W¸i™,Ãð6eiZbZzgÜ™,ÂéZzgeiZbŽ¬„ÐñŽŠƒD XŠzu}ZÖp~Ôz{礙DQyeiZb»XÞZväðHì¡] )Šg](~ZzgÔA$!’q-Æ‚BYg~gnpaZ™**6)ß;.çEGEX tf;„VÔaZ™Cì‚bÅZq-5ác:¡~§»CÇ ÔT»È¡]~ñŽŠY0+ZgzVÆÂñVÅÇc*ÝwÅ (Biomimetics) »g~XSk6_·»leƒg;ƒ@*ì!*g!*gZÒ/òV~ZzgÅwg;ƒ@*ì5 gZS¨K+MÆnX Ô‚³%Y0+ZgzVÆÂéÅ‚½VÆÝw Biomimetics 6ž »g™DƒñÔQ½@*ìÔt%7™@*ìZq-(,ZŠ—CÂî FQy‚bŠZâVÆnŽ Biomimetics ~iÃtSg»YÅ@*G~ƒDXZq-Sg»YIÆ`ó{ÐÔ XÃz{ßvSg»ð¨S»ƒÐ — 7g}îg6,S¨KâVÆn**‡.ÞJwƒ@*ì !’q-qÝ™äÅÃÒ™**Šzu}Y0+ZgzVÐŽSyÅ — —e&+ZB Ã~!540î NEGEîg6,ÔZkŠgŠ*Z’ZðZŠzZgÐ0ƒD£¨~SyS¨KâV ÆXZ¤/ic*Š{F,¹c*CY0+ZgZ’ZðZŠzZgÆY0+ZgZâYÆeiZbgâewÆZCD ÂÍc*ëøg}wÅ)ßYÆ9zÅãCŠQy‚½V6,gOÐŽžÁ F,¹c*CZxBDXŽÔ$+á~ÔÃtSg»YÅãCŠ~îg6,Üszgi~ƒC ìÔTÅy(,}zNtÐSk!*]6,‡ìgSìžY0+ZgZâYZãic*Š{Š* Z’ZðZŠzZgƃDžz{QyÆâjwÐÃð_“7gpp0*DÔSk n¢„nzxƒYDÔ²â!*¹ZdF,¹c*Cîg6,Q½}ƒDZzg»x[ ƒDX Z¤/85Âî FGZg»YÆÃc*]ÃZq-eZ{I (Biomimetics) ¡~§»CÇ ~gnpƒñÔ;g;ƒ@*ìÚZzgWg;ƒ@*삳¦gZ]»1w!*Ñ™ä` ~XSk!*]Å ²£Ðö NgzÝ~Ô@*ëZq-Šzu~5‚³ácQ½Cì:i0+{&] ‚tWCìX (Biomimetics) Ƨi¿ÅÝà‚b Zzg BIomimetics tÂ[#ZŠgZu~QyF,ª]ÃÑCìŽ ác礙Cì"Í1W[J-Ô¹„ÁÂzÆqïÂéŽ Biomimicry gìZ#ОY0+ZgZâY«ŠiðG‰¸XSkÆ´z{z{Òy™@*ìž ù¡]ÆFZq-ZZzgZd&¢AÆ}2éÔŽâ]Š}ŠñSg»Y 1112 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 7. ÆÃc*]Ãz{ÓxÆÓxøg}‡ŠgÇZvÅ"VwðÅaZzZgƒDX H? Biomimetics / ŠzâV»pԬ礙ÆÔZzgA$Ü Biomimicry Zzg Biomimetics ™Æc*¡]~ñŽŠâeÖÐ!’q-qÝ™Æ)b»ieð&+|ï܃@*ìX Z+S˜bìŽZEw~WCìÒy™ä~ZâY Biomimetics ‚âyÔ}2éZzgÂéÃX»žS¨KyßvÜ™DSy8ÂéZzgeiZb »Ô{mîgÐæZ ¢š-ö EG ÔgKÐgK)ßYÔ¥z!*^)ßYZzg¡¦f;„yZâV ä7HåŽ Janine M. Benyus »¦gƒÐ¬Ô Biomimicry ~X ÏZq-'Zzg‚³x@{à{¶Ôˆ~^™Skik,cñçqà Montana FZq-äZL;ðV~1åZzgZEw™**ÑzqHåXQyÆ·9~ÐZq- Ð0‚g~gziZ‚ÛzV(,ðF,~ÃX BIomimicry ÃÒy™Cìz{QkÆ»xÃZzg Å'¶Ô Field Guides z{Zq-@*gõ8ÆâCÙÆZzg1i0+Ï6,¹‚g} ÊNeZඎZ(g (Laboratories) Zzgz{FZq-‚³>Æ !™)ÿ{âV ™gìƒDZq-¹„‚Š{V)§&(ÃÔŠgc*Ä™ä¡]ÆgZizVÃX »Zq-Zëу@*ìžëù¼8™*ÐGƒ@*ìԁgâew Biomimicry ',Zñ ÆÔ**ÂwÆ£gÆÔZzgŠ/ÆXŽ¼žt>œžîg6,gnp¸ZZx ¡~eiZíÆÔZzg!’q-ÆZEw™äQ7S¨Kã)bÃi™äÆnX Zq-aZzg~eiZIƒäÆ',Zñ{vÆZ·Zu David Oakey ¿ÆԁÛñV~ÐZq-ÆZEw™Dƒñ¡C‚½VÃÔ4™äaZzZg ÅÃZyÃZzgaZzZg~&¢AÃX Æñçq6,z{Z(¼Hì:¡]»gz!*gZzgeiZíÆn Biomimicry ¡] ÷ZZq-Š/ìÔZq-I»Zq-fg=ìZzgZq-i0+ÏÃ9ñhŠ¶»Zq-âewìX ¡]ÐI»Zq-fg=ìX Biomimicry »Âx3‚wлx™@*Wc*ìX t!gëg~Æ‚BÌzZѦgÔ0*c*ì0*‡Zg~»¥Dy‚bŠZâV ÐÔŽ‡.ÞƒD¸ÚF,¹Š¶pŠÅZKïÃ!’q-qݙƊg] Æ"Vw"ÍâeÖ6,X‚³>ΊqÂñVZzg{xaZzZgzV6,»x™Æ Z[Qy¸ÂVÆ‚BÑq-ƒ‰ŽSk!*]» — Qì~{mîgÐ — ç™Džù4+§&~¡]Å‚½VÅÜ™MhX ¡]~eiZbÔ{xZâYZzgÂZ**ðŲ+lZgzV6,Ô(,~Ð(,~ aZzZg~&¢AÅJ-$ŠïXt¡CeiZbZLWÅ%#Ö™äƇ.Þ ƒDÔâj1Cîg6,åpÎZgZzg7g}îg6,Šz!*g{ZEwƇ.Þ̃D Xz{{ñÙлg™ŠgTÔ)1CîgÐplfztƒDÔZzgîsz Z2Zg~i0+ŠHV7™CXtÓxZiS:]Ž~™ägâeÖÆn qìÔ¡~ÂéƁg 'High Country News' YgìƒDX6žC âewÆZEwÐÔë(ß;.çEGEaZ™MhÔŽic*Š{²žJ-0*Z+ZgƒD£¨ ~QyÆŽW`ÀZEw~ƒDX Â[Å'Ôìw™Dƒñ Biomimicry, Janine M. Benyus Qk¡C‚½VÆ6,6»Ô¡]Å‚½VÅÝwÅ¢zg]6,¢gBb¶X fs~PZ~ÔuVßVÃÒy™CìŽñÛZëG¸QkÆnæZf ™äQkÆZ,Zq-³6,V0*äÆn: ¤/ZéÐÁZgï6,$½5½ðGUÃ0*g™äÅ&¢A‡.Þ¨g 3 6.5ë XEY ',ekÔ (1 ƒCìX ÔV»ðÐic*Š{f;„SŠgZuƏ»g™Š Dragonflies ù»©í (2 ƒD? Zzg Equipments— Š]Æ÷y~wZgCZzgSk,,æÂé (3 ÂZ**ðÆZEÑ]ÅZ˜jV~Ô)©àZd»g™ŠÏgnp£¨ ÆX Equipments ~S¨Kyƶƒñ 1314 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
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  • 17. ŠzuZ!*[ (Biomimetics) /7ŠzV~eiZíZzg¡~§»CÇ ÔŽžqwqw~»x~W**Ñzq (Fiber-Optics) !*gq-†ÏŠJРůz^~ZEw~WDÔtgzÝÃv™äÅ Cables ƒñÔZÒ &¢AgnpÔZzgZd&74-öGG ¥â]Ìv™DXH!*]ƒCÔZ¤/Ãð?Ð Hƒ@*žY0+ZgZâYSk)ßYÏ3‚ßVÐZEw™Dgì?tZ, ZxXÃ?Zh§bÐY…ƒÔ@*ëXÆZdeiZíÆ!*g}~ÔßÍVÅ 7ŠzV~X — Zq-(,~®ZŠáZ+„L85Âî G ¨gJ-7™D YèZÒßvÒîg6,ÔZLZ§ZsÅ™*ÊِÔzZ/Æ%Ôz{ LY0+ZgzVÆZdeiZíÅVßVÃ7ŠÙŽ‡ŠgÇZvÅðƒDX p|~Š¬YñÂÔÓxY0+ZggZizVн}ƒDX?ÃzZ/»6,ŠZ ZVäÆnÔYVZzgùÅYyΙ**»°ƒ@*ìXÃðŽ¨g™@*ìSyÎZßV Æ!*g}~9sV~ÔY}ƒ@*ìžCÙqŽëZ§ZsŠÙÔZq-Z,{Û z{øgZ‡ŠgÇW‡ —— Å»gv~ƒCìŽzŽ;]Zzg¥â]ZL~g‚rì — ƒ@*ìXëgVwÆæF,IÃfeŽž7Š}êV~Yg~gnp tð»Zq-i',Š„7{ƒ@*ìÔZ¤/85Âî FGQkÆgZi~iuhgZiXæ — F,IZq-Z(§i¿ìà~CÙ}7Š}gzÝ»»g1Šg~$+wŠï ŽS¨KyLLZzg³Z**]ZEw™DXxZ+«Ã~t‰)©àîg6, Bž¡¦îg6,@*â¿ÃW$ËìÔ@*ë Biochemists Zâ¿ÃW$ËìÔ@*ë Bž¡¦ìX7Š}SkMð@*;Æt§i¿ÃzZu] Biochemists ÆZq-ë{ÔŸÆfg=Yg~gnpX Sy§i;ñ¿ÅÇÇZÆ~i)zZäìXt{¤¡Ãt Sg»YÆâ+zZßVÃ{ñl™äÆn»°ƒCìX 6,zWZŸ'çL‚ñSg»I¡ÅÔæF,IÆŸ~)Dª ÅzŸs#™@*ìX LLæF,I$¨45é GG GESZq-ë{¿ìÔZzg3ÆZ0+gZžñ ~„CÙSk»Q½****e‚Š3ðŠêìXYèæF,IÆ¿ (Organelles) ~Óx%Zi»zZ¢š5é GGSz¸q5+k,ƒ**Ì**e‚ÃW@*ìÔZzgQyÓx%Zi»].ZÇ: îg6,ð0***Ì"pƒY@*ìXóó Æ”V~¤/Ä~fe Solar Cell 7Š}Îg`ÅgzÝÊgCîg6, Solar Panels Ž³gzökÆ**xÐñÎxƒDXSϧbÐ롦 ~fí{™feÔŽžgzÝà Batteries ÐÂZ**ðqÝ™DZzgSÐ Z9pÂZ**ð~$+wŠïXZq-7Š}Æ3ÅÁ¤‰ÜÅaZzZgÔZq-(,~ ÆZEwÅ¢zg]aZ™CìŽêVÅ^~q݃CìX Panels ®ZŠÆ ÆÔÎg`»‚o™}@*ž Solar Panels êVÆn»°ƒ@*ìžz{é S¨KâVÅÂZ**ðÅ¢zgÂVÃ7g}™nX Solar Batteries ³gzökÆZdw7g}îg6,ÜGYDÔ¶ ÂZ**ðÅZq-(,~lZgÅ¢zg]Ã7gZ™äzZá‚âyûg™Š¯äƇ.Þ Solar z){Zzg¡¦_5Õä HQÜs (Space Craft) ƒYDXƒZð˜i ÃZEw™Æ»g™ŠƒäƇ.ÞƒYDÔ%ËŠzu~ÂZ**ðÆ‚BX Energy 7Š}ÔŽZ+Zd&&gnpÔZzg‚bŠZVŽQyÅÜ™äÅ 3334 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
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  • 19. »gv~ÃSyÜ]~7™Cì: LLz{qŠ',hìÔaZ™äzZÑÆXÇǯäzZÑì)ªCÙqà ÕƏ¯@*ì(ßg]¯äzZÑìXQkÆZiZi**xƒq, QkÅÄ~ÑgTŽžWâV~Zzgi}~ƒCZzgz„i',Š„ (24 )Îg{ZáÔ ìXóó ÕzZÑ /7Š}Zzg5ñR,eiZí eiZí™**ƒ@*ìÔ (Zero Impact Car Model) âew ZIC Z#QkÅ5 ñR,vÔT§bÐãzZáZzg"ãÆŠg|#pŠÃápV~„ Fiat ™feQÏÒpÐñR,ÅeiZíÜ™DX eiZIkZq-gK*gÇ{gzZôÆÇh~ÆŠgxyZq-aç L}Ð Šzu}aç L}J-¯DÔZq-QÏZ0+Zi~‰žZq-7Š}ƍ~ÔZzgQk gÄghD@*žÇh~ÃQkÅŠg»gÂZ**ðýÅYnXÇh~ Batteries zZô~ G‰¸Šg|#Å!’q-К~ZzgljžZÝ7Š}~Ô aZ Æ _54øGH ~XÇh~»¿ÔßÅ (Channel) _54øGH Îñ‰¸!*Z°Z„gK*gÇ{ Å‚|#ŧbz,„‰«g~c*«g (Honey Comb) HVÆ9Ÿ0î FG ŽZic CìÔ ¯ ÆXt‚|# Seaweed ÆŒÛd$"y6,aZƒäzZÑ(,ZZ5ª −Zzg¢oŠzâVÌ]gBbìX Zq-ì‰ZIñ!*L)ßY~ŽZiZŠZ:îg6,¹„].h+Šgc*:V» bCÙ{™DÔZq-‚Š{¦JŠg|#ÔŽŠg]~0*c*Y@*ìÔDÙZgzV‚w¬Æ ¬„ŠyÐzŽŠ~Wc*åXóóZ +C42.ç E EGE GkZzgeiZIkÃZq-!’q-»ÈÛZëHåX Zg»YIßvŽìw™Dži0+ÏZ·tƳ~zŽŠ~WðìZzgQkÆ — ZDwz‰Ü*gä6,aZƒñ¸Ôå‡JgÅ‚~w•5+k,ƒD¸ Z,ZzgZϧbÆzZu]»JÜÂ0*DX ùZ¨KyßvZL~ÅgZzgÂù]gnpƒñH¹¼7ŠzV ŽžøzxËÌf;-$c*¥â]ЃDÔŽž85Âî G w•Ì7Š} —Ð Zzg¿~7ÑMhŽ¼žz{ZzgÌZ}òqÝ™äÆnH — Mh ?XS:]»7Š}ZzgŠvZxbCÙ{™MhÔ"—ÔÅzŸs# Z·‡]Ð7ƒ$ËìXgðÆoÂVÆÔz{Zg»YIzVÆnZq-zZª îg6,ÍLÅqªÅúÒÏ™DX /7Š}Žç}ÆZágZ]Šï ŒÛd$ŒÛd$CÙÃðìw™@*ìž7Š}ç{»£¨™äƇ.Þ7 n ƒDÔYèz{W‚ãÆ‚BZ]ÔZÑgnÔl0+zVÔZzgŠvY0+ZgzVÆ eg{0YDX@*ëî]SkÆ',ÜseCÔž7Š}SyÃpŠÐŠzg gppÆnÔª]Z0Õ<V»ZEw™DÔ85Âî G ZLŠ7Væ[Ì feXQ}³VÃZLЊzggppÆnÔVwÆîg6,Ô7Š}‰Zz‡] vyg‚y ².1¹Òø GaZ™DÔZzg‰ßgÂV~ÔZ, ².1¹Òø GŽŠzu}¸g] ZK§sqÔaZ™D@*ž7Š}Q7ZCDg¯ÃXŠzâV ¤/zVà "—Ô¹„!ƒDXigZì~Ô|~ÔSk¹„»gWæ Tricks ðÆâ¾ö7- ž` ÕiÅÜ™äÅÃlYg~XŽ**ï`:yÔ Zñ ².1¹ÿ Gâj1]~7Š}ÅæZ ¢š-ö EG745½ø E EH 6,ï™g;ìÔSk!*]6,¢ ZŠZg{', g‚rìžZ¤/tf;„Õioƒîg6,ÜÅYCìÔA$w~ÔigZn{±è NE ZâY6,Nzw™äzZá)iCÙYZDwÁÛZëHYYìXZ#n{ÁZâY ƒ@*ìÔ‰7Š}:Zy5+k,**xC ².1¹Òø G{g`™DŽ úÐ(Pests) ÆŸ~ZL Pests ¸g]¤/zVZzgZY0+ZgzVÃZK§sgZá™DÔZzgŽ ZxÃÔZ0+gÐ Pests ~aZƒDÔ PestsŽLarvae Z&+}ŠïX¶ ÃyZ[™ŠØƒD¸XZzg (Crop) „{g`™ŠïŽƒYåž‚g~` 3738 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 20. QkÆêVÃ3gì Pests ZYy0*@*ƒž Š Z, ².1¹ÿ GÆfg=»Ètƒ@*ƒž7 XCÙ7ŠZZ(Zq-ZÑgxSág{)W(SkzzÐ7Šêìžz{Y}ìžZkÆ Z0s Past íz{Åg;ìÔÉSkÆOñgZq-ŽZ[Æž ².1¹Òø GÆZW,Ð Æ{g`ƒäÐXZ¤/85Âî FGÒîg6,Ôt1„CÙ!**‚ŠZƒ@* (Saliva) ~Å›é N[ ìÔz,zZ¢š5é GGS¼Zq-ÕoÅ®ZŠ6,¨g™**Ñixƒ@*ì: 6, ².1¹Òø GÆZW,Ã&ì? SalivaÆPest ù7ŠZÔ (1 Ƹg]¤/~ÐÖgZ0*áDzz{ZÑgx» Pest ZY}ìžz{ Š ù7 (2 WŠêì? ù7ŠZYy0*@*ìžSág{Žz{ŠêìÔ¸g]¤/ŠyÃZL§séáÇ? (3 Ã@*žz{3à Insects H!*]zzkŽì7Š}Æn−Qk»W (4 7Š}ÆúWzgâVÃ? ŽSág{)W(7ŠZŠêìz{ƒ@*ì ².1¹ÿ GOñSkÆžz{]4/õ NEEÐm (5 X Æ»xWDÔgnp¹„ë{‚|# Insects g‚rƒX ².1¹Òø GŽ Zq-ÑÏ{òc*tSkÆÃgñ!~g{YCìÂÔZzgWZK&¢A ÅYìXù7ŠZSk§b‡.Þƒ@*ìgppt{§iSk ².1¹ÿ GW~? "—Zq-ö.$Æn**eƒ@*ìÔ%Zq-f;-$ÆÔîZq- ç}Æiï%6,Ô ².1¹Òø GÅ=ô™äéZq-‚bŠZVÆÔ85Âî GW aZ™ä Z(Zq-%“Zzg`ñgppZq-/ÈÕiX¹„¬îg6,Ô!*ßZôîgÐ Zq-ŠÔæ[™¢8ÔZdf†»»xƒ@*ìXZ+f†»qgÇÔZvƒ@* ìÔ{ÛìöÛ»‚BQyÆ"ÍS:]»Ž!’q-Q¸g@*ìQy~ ™äŽ¼žz{ZLWÃôpgppÆn™MhX Ð0ïZq-(,~ (Biomimetics) ZknÔqD¡~§»CÇ ÃÒ~^zsìÔÜ™äª]Z0f;-$ÅT»ZvÓxY0+ZgzV~bCÙ{ ™@*ìX >»Zq-¤/zZÚDWnWsS $h»4ø EH ‚Ûc*ßYZzgZkßYÔ.z!zK ŠzâV~Zzg',&4èGHEÆZŠZ{Zg"5ÿ GE™Z:ïÆÔŽáÆ−¸Zq-Ng¸],_· Šzg™äÔQyÅšä‰Z0s Pests Zzg‚gÃÐÔ (Maize) Skñçq6,Xh ÐQ7 (Crop) Ãz{3ÃÔZzg` Pests ÃQÇc*å@*ž Stem-Borers ‰ž ÐÐ] Stemi-Borers ïwNÃX”V~z{Z,Z0sQÇD¸Ž ™DƒVZzgZQzVÃZK§sgZá™DXZ,XRV~Ôz{0*D¸Ô Ðic*Š{Á 80% н}ƒD¸Ô Stem Borers 7ŠzVŇ.ÞÒp®ZŠÃŽ ƒYD¸Xt‡ŠgÇZvƒ@*ìŽQ7aZ™@*ìX´z{Sk"VwiÆŽ 7ŠzV~x@{ň¶ÔZzgÌWÐSkZ:‡]ÅgZ~iaZ™@*ìÔZ%MÆ Cater **ò³VÆ Manduca gc*„~I!*ÃÆM7Š}ÔZq- UTAH **ò¸ÅZq-%¨[ G. Pallens Æú»‚o™DÔSyÆZ&+}Ž Pillars G. Pallens ½ZƒCìX]ì:Zy5+k, ².1¹Òø G»žŽI!*û7ŠZ{g`™@*ìÔŽ ÅM®ZŠ‹ Cater Pillars **ò¸Ã7Š}Æ0*kéÑ@*ìÔZzgSk§b ƒYCìX eiZí( Fiber Optic gCg6eiZí) w /«gŐZð~ **òZ!Z@ÆZ0s~ÐZq-Ôg‚rìZq- Rossella Racovitzae ÔgzÝÐgÉðqÝ™äzZàg (Spicules) ŽJÞÐâ—Zg¾ú‚ 854è EG G Fiber ƃCÔŽž"—].h+)ßY~ZEw~WCX Optic Fibers Ô¥â]ÅzWlZgzVÃŽggzÝÆØzVÆSy~7æ{ƒDÔ Optics à Laser Light i',Š„Ã+VJ-xîg6,v™MhXv™Dƒñ ~ÔF,c]Ãe¯@*ì)©àîg6,(,} Fiber-Optic Cable ¦ñZq- ÐX|~ÔZq-@*gŽZq-!*wÐ Cables :6,£¨~©àZâYж ZL~Že:DÙZgZWzZizV Optic Fibers ic*Š{ŠÜƒ@*ìÔg‚rìZq-Î 3940 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 21. ÆZ0sÔŽQ}Ô@*gq-dZzªâÏ Sponge v™YìXt ChannelsÆ ZÇV~ƒDÔW‚ãÐgzÝæ™äƇ.Þƒ@*쎞QkÃæ Æ»ŒŠZg^Æ Optic Fibers F,IÆnŠg»gƒCìX]ìQkÆ (Sponge) XtpŠZ@ g= Q¸gzV»ÔZzgz{ƒDZLâjwÆngzÝ»Zq-f ZzgŠvY0+ZgzVÃÔŠzâVÇ.Þ¯CÔŽžZKSk&¢AÐÃZ+{qÝ™D ÐSponge ¦™äZzgv™ägzÝÃZK’ÆnXZq-ïðZzÔpŠÃ ÎñgnpÔZzgQkÐgzÝZK’ÆnqÝ™DX qD‚ßVŹ„F,¹c*C)ß;.çEGE~ÐZq-ìX ÔFiber Optics ` ÆQy”VÃÎg (Sky Scrapers) Y0*2Z +C42.ç E EGE GkSk)ßYÆ1kqgÂV Å™âVÃv™DÔŽ!*Z°Z„gzÝqÝ7™DX(,}°ÐŽZq- ÆFiber Optics Æ¿~ !3›4è NG GEƒDÔÎg`ÅÃúVà Sky Scraper Æaç LzV6,%Ãi™DÔŽA$¤&½ø EY Æ85Âî G ¹„@*gq- Transmitters ”VÃÌgzÝv™DX ¢akŐZð 200@*100 ÔdZzªâkÆ)gzVЊzgÔÃð Sponget ~Ô',ÃãŠzVÆn˜VžzZ¢š5é GGS7g}îg6,@*gO~ÔgLìXÎg`ÅgzÝ Optic SkÅ’ÆnS•ðZÌÅqïƒCìXt}.ZÅ‘tSk!hÏîÅ;ð Æfg=™©8ìŽÎg`ÅgzÝÃZq-¹„OW,±è NEZ0+Zi~¦™feX Fibers Fiber Optic ‚bŠZVª]iŠ{žZq-Y0+ZgZEwHƒZƒ@*ìÔ ÆZßwÃÔŽZEw~W@*ìZd &»41¹ÿ HE GØVÐÔz{ÌZ,Zq-âjw~Ô Polymer ÔZq-}oZ +B2.ç E EGEZzg Ann M. Mascher *¸‚J™zh‚ßVÐX âCÙzZd-Eg;»ÔSyÜ]~Òyì:tŠH!*]ìžz;V6,Zq-‘t Fiber ÃÁŠ6,ÔSy"Vw}oS:]Æ Fibers Z+ÌìŽaZ™CìSy Zzg4îg6,ZiW:S:]Æ‚BX Òy™@*ìžSk Brain D. Flinn zZd-Eg;ÆâŠî‚bŠZyÔ ÅZd‚|#Æ!*g}~:tZ+Ãðq7쎞z{gÄgì8 Sponge ‚wÆWÐÅ 20 ñ "5»4jè EGGIE~WäzZáŠzc*&‚ßV~XtZ+q잎 ƒ$ËÔìX tÓxzZã™DžY0+ZgŽŠg]~gnpZq-(,~®ZŠâeÖÅÔ S¨KâVÆnXt‡ŠgÇZvÔìTäCÙq»eiZí¦ñ4+¬]Æ ‚BHìÔQkäÔS¨K+MÆnÔSyeiZbÅðÅì@*žQyÐZZzg ¨gg™,Sy6,X 6žSyWc*]~ªCÙHŠHì:LLšWâVÆZzgi}Ưä~ ZzgPˆŠv}gZ]ZzgŠyÆWäYä~ŠÑbZI=ÆnÔXÅ qªtìžz{ßvZv¬ÄõWÃc*Š™D9}ÌÔÆÌÔgeÌZzgWâVZzg ÇgWäSyƒÃZgÆ zgŠ i}ÆaZƒä~¨g™DžWñøg}6, 7aZHìÔëWÃ0*À{BÎëñZ[ŠzicÐXkXóó (190,191 )Îg{Zw/ZyÔ // 4142 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 22. ŠZ!*[ /!*¾Zzg8ïELHS +C4ø E EE Šg]~ ÇнãCÙÃðŽñR,Çh-V~Špg‚rìԏ!*¾Zzg8ïELHS +C4ø E EE ÅZÌÐzZƒ@*ìXP„Ô¾qwÔŠg]~ñŽŠ!*¾Zzg#S +C4ø E EE ÐzZƒDXŽ¹„ZdeiZbgnp£¨~QyÆŽS¨KyÆ ;ðV¶ƒDX !*¾?Ã!*e~~k$+%»ñÛZë™D@*žÇh~»ZEw ¹„ZqÆ‚BƒnXŠgC!*¾Qy„ZßßVÆ‚B»x™D6 žz{Çh-V~ZEw~WDXªVÔVwÆîg6,ÔZq-ŠgC!*¾» ÛZë™@* Three-speed Gearshift ZEw™DŽžQkÆÏVÐÑ ìXZkÂx»]ìÔí¯g~îg6,WÐ(,|$Ëìc*¦ñgëg~ÑYC ìÔâgDƒñZLÏVÃ%èÅZKgëg6,²z{ƒZ~ƒCìXñR,Çh-V J-XZq-Çh~à Wheels ~ÁÐÁeg»ZEwƒ@*ì$+%¤‰ÜÃZ”Ð ÇeàÐ`**Qkz‰Üeƒ@*ì²ÜskZq-ƈZq-ZEwƒD ÔÁÐZz‘Å§sÔZzgúfeƒñŠz!*g{XOñkÆÇh-V~Ô ŽžziãZzg¹¼(=ÍDÔªVgnpZq-}2xÆŽ=Í@*ì(à ÜsPZq-kB¢akÆX]QyÆZzgic*Š{L}2xÆÔªVZLÓVà ÌW‚ãÆ‚BâgMhX Zq-WÐŧseªÅ¸]»ZEw Nautilus Zzg Squid Octopus Zq-{mQßw»ZEw™DX Jet Engines ™D6ž Squid tKÆnžÇùt¸]ZW,Z0+ZiƒCìÔìw™Dž 20 ú¢ak) 38 ÆYäYDÔ0*ã~ Loligo Vulgaris ÆZ0sŽg é(°‚ÅgëgzVÐ^™MhX ÆOctopus ÔSkŸ~Zq-ÑŽZ[VwƒCìÔZq- Nautilus x˃CìZzgZq-˜iÆZq-#Z”ÐSk»».ÞHYYìXtQkÆu ÆnŧszZ**àÆfg=0*ã©8ìZzgA$0*ãÃ!*CÙ¥ìXZ#ž0*ãZq- Šzu~‚~WÐ(,kìZq-ZzgÚSy‘‡] Nautilus „‚~Y@*ìÔ ÅÔ‚bŠZâVÃg—™äŧsâb™Cì: QyÆŠgC#Z +C4ø E EE ÅԐ}«gÆ—Š!*îÐ)ZW,5+k,~‡ìgS ìX´z{Zi,ÔZzgÂéŽQ7w•»ñŠïÔ)©à¯Zzg{ñl ŠzâVÌ]gnpX ÆZdeiZíÔR$+zi˜izVZzg¯V N a u t i l u s |~Ô ÆngZq-âewÆ»xWDX (Submarines) /«gÒŠk™zh‚wŠ*)ßY ÅÂZiãN*&½5é E Gy0*ãн~ƒCÔ˜i (Submarine) Z#Zq-W$+zi 0*ãÐic*Š{ziãƒY@*ìZzgÅY+$ez¶4ìXZ¤/0*ãN*&½3ð E GV~ÔƒZÆ SÏ&½5ë HE»ZEw Nautilus Š!*îƏ{àHY@*ìÔA$W$+ziRW[6,W@*ìX ƒ@*ìljž (Organ) ª»6ŠZgž 19 ™CìXQkÆŸ~z;V6,Zq- !*bg*ÆË{ä 38 Zq-˜óg‚rìZq-@66ŠZgÔSk6ŠZgžÆZ0+g — ƒDZ70*ãÐ{à™äÆnQkÃ̃ZÆŠ!*îÅ¢zg]ƒCì 4344 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 23. SkŠg»gƒZŹVÐ0*Yì? Nautilusp Zq-ºm’ZLŸ~aZ Nautilus ÆfgZ$šð J VÐÔ Biochemical ~v™@*ìÔ˜VÐ0*ãÃïs (Chambers) ™@*ìZzgSk’Ã{âV ÃÔ¨©ÎD Nautilus ƒñ¸]QYwÆŠh=ZK¾ZÅ~!*‡°ÏÑ@*ìXtq c*RW[6,Wä»ñÛZë™CìZ#LDg™**c*Šzg¸kHƒ@*ƒW!¸g]¤/zVÐX Zq-W$+ziôpîg6,ŽÃ»»xÜseg΢akZðJ-áMhÔ ¢akZðJ-QF,YìX 450 »mƒ@*ìÔW‚ãÆ‚B Nautilus ˜VJ- Z+Zq-ZðFZq-Y0+ZgzVÆn¹„ç**uƒCìX@*ëSk )OW,gLìÔQk»¸w0*ãÆŠ!*îÐIU70*@*ìZzg Nautilus Æ!*zŽŠÔ QkÆŸÃÃðvy7(ìXŒV6,Zq-Šzu}Zë`6,¨g™äÅ¢zg] ÑhƒCìX ¢akJ- 450 g‚rìtÂxÔŽž',ŠZ“™YìŠ!*îÃÃð Nautilus QkŠyÐZ#žz{aZƒZåXùz{pŠÐSk‚g~{m‚|#ÃeiZí™Y »g™Yì’qÝ™ä¢zg~ƒZÆŠ!*îà Nautilus ì?pŠÐZLîg6, {à™ä0*ãÃQkÆZL6ŠZg@6~Ð?t¬îg6,**eƒ@*ì‘tÆn Y'ž’aZ™äÆnù ².1¹ÿ G$™)ÿ G ðHY@*ìÔ¹ÁŸ~¯ä ‚½VÃŽ¢zg~ƒVZxŠ¶ ².1¹ÿ G$™)ÿ G ÃÔZzg:ž™ä‚|#Zq-@6Ň.Þ ',ŠZ“™äFZq-H0*ãÆŠ!*îÃZL9X tZdeiZíÔZv»»xƒ@*ìÔz{"Íîg6,CÙqÃðHìÔ%Ãð¬ лg™Š{âeÖÆX )5§&»{Û(ªCÙƒ@*ìŒÛWy~: Al-Badi Zv»**x Æ LL5§b6,¯äzZÑWâVZzgi}»ÔYðƒYìSkÆgCqÑèSk (101 )Îg{ZÅxÔ Ãðúg]7ÔZzgZkä¯ðìCÙqZzgz{CÙqÐzZìXóó // aå!*[ ZzgZg¬á]»ZEw™** (Waves) /ñŽV Å^~ƒZZzg0*ã~Ðw•™CìXŽ (Waves) WzZiñŽV zZ:ߦZ¤/z{˗ДZCXZ¤/?¢zg~)ßYZzg¥â]gnpƒÔt zZ:ÍzZàñã»°¥â]ÛZë™$ËìQk—Æ!*g}~TОz{ ÐÃ,ÔQkŝ#ÖÔZzgQkÆw•Å (Source) ”ZCÔ6žQk»â~. ‚ZzggëgÃeCìX z, 20 t)ßYÔZâY»Ø`äWzZiÆfg=ZzgñŽV»Š!*îÛzr0*𶠜~~ÔzZ¢š5é GGS¯Y£œÆnXp°iâ:Ôtez"ƒñ˜izV»Ø`ä Zzg«gƁÛl»u»g™äÆnÌZEwƒCìX¾Tԏ3‚w¬Ô ²ž¬1S¨KyÆSk)ßYÊgc*Ä™äÆÔŠg]~Y0+ZgZEw™gì ¸WzZiÅñŽVÆ;ñgnp¸Z§Zs~QyÆ@*ži0+{g{ÃX eZ Ũ4ø EE ÔÆŠhkÔMVZzg6,zZäÔQ}ígnpÓxtÂxÔŽY** ÆÔZ#Оz}aZƒñ¸XSkÆ´{ÔQyÆÂé Sonar Y@*ìg ¹ic*Š{ˆkZzg»g™ŠƒD£¨~QyÆŽZEw~WDW`Æ S¨KyÐX ÂxS¨Kã)ßYÆuzŠÐ¹WЃ@*ì Sonar /ÆŠhk 4546 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 24. ÆSonar Âx~ÔÆŠhÆ Sonar æZ ¢š-ö EG YÔpŠÆZL U.S. QßßVÿ~Ñ**ÑzqHåXZq-**¦/k,§iÔR«gÆngzZÑR$+zizV »Ø`ä»XZ%MƃÐic*Š{YãTã˜Gß~Ð (Submarines) æZfäZq-– Y **òx¦/+~’Zq-g7gJ_.Ô 'Science' Zq- ™Š{ñZi:ghg3ìSk6,Z7½ïEHÅZŠZðÆnX t¬Ð„Ô²ž¬Ô¥xg;ìžÆŠh~}Z0+ƒ}~ZCgZ3 ÂxÆZEwÐÔ¥x™feXqw~Ô>äeð&+| Sonar Z§Zs~Ô ïÑì6gZizVÞùz{ZLgZ3»ØÎfeXQyÅïÆ_.ÔÈg} ÑÄÍæVÅ^~?Šg 20 ÔZq-]~ Eptesicus Fuscus Q}pgÆŠhÔ B¢ak 0.3 9ÚWzZi,ïmì´z{Zi,Ôz{SyÍæVÃÔZq-’q-ÆÜs ÔS¨KyЯñ‰ Sonar z²VÆ‚B™YìXSyZ°ZŠÆ_.ÔÆŠh» Æ£¨~&±5é YNEic*Š{ˆkƒ@*ìX Sonar Ô˜igZãÐ0&6VÆZzg…@*gO~QhZy Sonar ÆŠhkÆ Æ!*g}~Ô¹¼2CX¹„ˆk"zVZzgWzZiÙ!WÑ]Æ‚B î]ňŽÅàC‡.ÞÒp¥â]!*g}~ÈùÆŠhkgZÂV~ ZLDgňl~QhCX ÆŠhkÔŠgxã¸]ŃZ~ÔŽV„Ñv÷ÐQ½@*ìÔSkZq- Ãñ$ËìX‰ÆŠhkZLDgÃñäÆn85Âî G Äh~~Ê7,D Insect ÃŽ½{?ØÆ‚BƒZ~ƒ@* Insect XtÃðW‚y»x7ƒ@*ìñ**ÔZq- ìÔZEw™DƒñÜsFƒäzZáWzZiÅñŽVÃX@*ëZ¤/?ìw™D Äh-VÆgxy}ƒ@*ìÔZzgWzZiÅñãÓxQkÆZ§Zs (Insect) ƒžÑ ÆêVДZ™ÔzZ:WCÔÂ?¤/Ä~feƒQÐÔH¼OW,Á»xƒ@*ì ŽÆŠhzZ¢š5é GGSZxŠêìX Z+Zq-ßg]~ÔÆŠhkÔZ§ZsÆ!{iZgÐÍæVÆZW,ÐQy ƒYäÐgz1ÆnÔZK±WzZizVÃÁ™feX@*ë (Confused) ÆZF pŠÐÔtÕi»°7ƒCì‡.Þ¯äÆŠhzVÃÔZÐZŠ~îg6,ÔZâYÃK Šg9ÍæVÆWäzZáz‰ÜZzg‚Æ×™äÅÌ ø ÆnÔYèQ7 ¢zg]ÑhƒCìX »Ì Sonar ÆŠhkZ#z{0*ãÅWžnÐ0*ã6,ÐQhDÂZL ZEw™DÔZzg¼ßgÂV~Ô²i~ÐDgä/Ä~¢8ƒ@*ìXQyÅ âCÙZ:wHC&¢A4+Z0+Zi~Š@Y$Ëì²ÆŠhZq-Šzu}»ù™D ƒñŠ3ðŠïXBƒñžùz{t™D…ñŠïaZ™ä» ¥â]',Zñ S o n a r Zq-zWe:6,/aZzZgzVÃÔ{mîgÐWÑ]Ô ÂxÅÌ Sonar ˜igZãZzgØÎäÆnXZkÆ´z{ÔÆŠhkÆzWe:6, W`ÀÜÅYCìÔ»âVÅÌðÅ)ßY~X6žë䊬ìÔY0+Zg ZâYÆpZmëÃZ+{QVDZq-¹(,~®ZŠÆ§i;ñ¿~XZq-We$ ~ÔZv³Z**]~ZEÑ]ŧsøg~ÂzÃKzw™Z@*ì: ZzgLLvg}na0*-V~Š·y™äÅ!*]ìÔöDë?ÃQyÆ ùÅqÐZzgvg}nQy~¹‚g}ÃZ+}Zzg¿VÃ3DƒXóó (21 )Îg{Z>ëyÔ )ßY Sonar /eZ:ÆWzZiÅñãZzg ÆY**Y@*ìÔeZ:‰ Melon Zq-SàžÐQkÆu~Žg S-S-'Zq-]~Ô¡w• 1,200 Zz‡]aZ™YìSã‚g}Sãž Š¶ÐQkÆuÃÔt‘tSyS-S-ÅWzZizVÅñŽVÃT‚~eìz{v ™YìX ДZCÔz{FƒCZzgž (Object) Z#WzZiÅñãZq-— eZ:ŧsXÍòŽ—ÐFƒCÔeZ:Æ−„}Ð*gD 4748 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 25. ƒñŠgxã»yBìÔZzgz;VÐ (Ÿ-@î E GE~YCì]ì(,~gëg»žT6,t !540î NEGE›ëÅ=ôƒCìÔ¹9ZzgZW,5+k,¥â]q݃CXÍòeZ:à w•Æ‚»Ôgëg»Zzg—ŝ#ÖÆç»ñ«™C6ž—Qyà ДƳ~@*W,ŠîìX ÍæV SkŠgˆkƒ@*ìžz{85Âî G Zq-zZuTÃZq-‚g} Sonar eZ: ŠVÆ9Ÿ5å ENEHÐÙ|#™YìXz{e{ŠJCjyÆŠgxy×™Y쎞 ³¢akŠzgƒDX 3 ~@*gO~Zq-Šzu}Ð ÆY**Y@*ìÔZEw~W@*ìÙ|# Sonar qDŠâV~W!Žg ÃZzgQyÆ4VØizVÆÒpÐZzgW$+zi¯VÐX Targets ™ä ÇÐQÏZßw6,»x™D6žeZ:ZEw™@*ìX Sonart -Eg;6,ÔZq-gz!*^6âjßVÃÅ`ï%ÆnZEwƒä Yale Sonar Æn¯c*ŠHåXZq-Z9pZ +B542.ç E EGEJG8-6,zWÔgzðZq-¥!*^ÃZq- Å»8åX Sonar ÂxÐWgZ3HåŽeZ:ÆZEw™Š{ ‚wÜsH 10 Zzggz1Àï6, Ultrasound Sonars 6,zWŽ Echolocation åÔt™@*ìÔLLëäZðÆ‚B_·™ä»êHìžù ZEwƒ@*ìŠg]~óóZzgŠÚžZ¤/ëЃYìž}Ãð¶:g{ˆƒøg} ˆ[~Xóó ìw™zžÃð¾?ОR«gÆnÔWzZiÅñãGg{΢ak° ]ÅgëgÐ^™CÔA$?È[ÎäùY@*ìžZ¤/vgZW$+ziWzZiÅ ÐŽzZ: Object ]k~Ô¾ŠgŠzgåz{— 4 ñŽVÃ&ìŽzZ:WCì ßN*c*åQyñŽVÃX ÐX Object ³¢akŠzg¸Qk 3 ?ˆ[ÎDƒž? eZ Ũ4ø EE W‚ãÐZ,ˆ!*]™äÆ̇.ÞƒDÔ@*ëz}Y… :ÂgëgT6,QyÆWzZiÅñã^™C0*ãÐÔZzg:ùÔ¢[ŠbZzg„ ™äÆ¿ÐXz{áÆ7ºSy~ÐÃðZdwÃÔÓx³ZyZ(¼ ™DY臊gÇZvQy~!’q-SkÒpÐaZ™@*ìX Behave wgCÒpÐ$zgÅ抙@*ìX Sonar / ‰‰‚"543¨ë JEHEEïF,¹™CìÔëY0+ZgzV~ª]Z0&& Šgc*Ä™gìƒDŽgzi%{Åi0+ÏÆFZq-gKY]~ƒäzZá)b Ô¾w $4-?çGE Eâj1C»gz!*g~ñZu]',Zñ Daroy Winslow Æi7™DÔ ÔSkCðÃZÖg™@*ì: Nike TuJ-ÔZaZzZg~ZxŠ„ÆnS:]»mì8Š* ÛZë™$ËìÔëý™**ecÔz{zZ¢š5é GGSÑözŠƒDX (Solutions) &»41¹ÿ HE Gi Ã~i¢zg]ìÅ`ÔŠgc*:VZzg&]ÅÔ@*ëSkÒpÐÎa Biomimecry Ðc*Zq-§»CâCÙÆ‚B»x™ÆëÃGƒÇÔ7ÞƒÇZZzgZâÇÎZÑ]»Zq- ^ï LHZzgŠ9ƒÇŠg]Ã!’q-ÆnZzg‚B„ñZu]Ð$qÝ™**ƒÇX ¼ŠÛéZ[áÆ^gìZq-ÕiÃŽ˜tgBbìQk ä7HåXtZ9Z7-Zzg}oZ +C42.ç E EGE Gkç»CâCÙ,Æ Winslow ÐŽ ‚B»x™DƒñŠ9Z[eƒZìX ÐOW,¸Ô‡ìHìZq-gK Sonar ¬Ð„ÔZ +C42.ç E EGE GkŽÆŠhÆ 6,X†‹Æ‚B¬Š~ƒäÆZq-z9ÆˆÔ Pair Z»ðZq-†kÆ SonarÏ wgCîg6,mzgßvZ[¥»zIVÊzg™äƇ.ސZzg85Âî G ‚ $¹Òø J ÅÌÎZg~ ™MhX~iÎ**geiZIkizgŠïžz{S¨KãwgCW织ì£x7ƒY ìc*QÚ„»g™Š7ƒYìAžÆŠh»g™ŠƒCìXtSk~—7t**e ƒ@*ì"ÍS:]g´Sk§bÐÔŽž85Âî G âCÙ+Ì)]gnpÆŠh Ô6ž Üwg]ÅÜ™ä~ÔZ(¼ÔùgÄMhƒDƒñZ·tÐ Zg»YI»ìwìX 4950 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 26. ëÃ7ÈÜecžT»žëŒVjZ!ŠïgS:]Æz{ ƒDzZ¢š5é GGSë{Ô!*bg*ÆÂéX)ñŽŠÏc*yZ!ÜsZq-:æENEÅÔ»È ƒ@*ìž‚g}Âx»**»xƒ**»x™äÐXgVwÆÔZ¤/ÆŠhkWzZiÅ ñŽVì1ßUÍæVÅÜZs#7™MhƒVÂz{|~7gnp »ÂxÇîg6,X Echolocation ‚³ZŠ[~Ô"ÍZzgåeiZíT»bCÙ{Y0+ZgZâY™CÔz{ Ñ **‡.ÞfëÏÆY**Y@*ìXŠzu}ZÖp~Ô‰eiZb"pZzg" ƒYDZ¤/z{‚Š{^~fGYDX**‡.Þ +B©3ý GE GëÏÓxZx~ ZzgQyÆÂé~ÔÃtZg»YÆãCŠ~ZßßVÃZg™ŠïÔSkÃtÆ_. ZxD+g+Cé G ESF,¹c*CƒDYDÔ!*ZÖpŠvQy»Iƒ@*ìžz{‚Š{qªÐ ë{ZxÅ^Z(g™DXZ¤/Zq-ÂxÃðÌÑ7gZ7™YìISk Æžz{7(ìQkÆWy~^~Ôz;V6,SyÆSk§bÆìw~T» f™Qz6,HŠHìZL~xzz7g‚rìQkÆn‡ìg´Zq-ŸÆzŽŠÃ ‚Bp=VƏ3‚wÐD+gF,¶VÆ‚BÂñV~ZnŸÆZ ™@* Complete Zzg Refine ZŠðg}ŸÆ‚BZZŠzZg~i0+{gxÔ²z{pŠÃ Hteƒ@*ì? — Y@*ì Zq-Z0s±;±J-$g{YìÜsZ¤/ÓxSkÆÂéñŽŠgT XZq-ÂxÆÃðÌZbZYZ7Š}YZΊ{i0+ÏSkQyÆ‚Bžå ™äQy»ŸSg»Yz‰Ü*gäÆ‚BXt!*]™sîgÐU*"$™Cìž Z#i0+{ZÛZŠ¬ªCÙƒD¸i}6,Ôz{ðG‰¸ZL‚g}‚½VÆ ‚BF,¹c*CZzg7g}îg6,¶ƒñÔ6žz{W`ƒDX ZvZKZdðÐÓx³ZâVZzgŠzu}Y0+ZgzVÃzŽŠ~Ñc*ìXZk ðŸŠ~ˆìZq-We$~: LLZzgQÏäa0*-Vïc*ìÔQy~vg}Yh}»Ì‚âyìÔZzgÌ (5 )Îg{Z-Ô ¹ÐÃZ+}ÔZzgQy~Ð?3D̃Xóó /ÆŠh~ZdeiZíÔëÃøg}vÃVÃôpg´e@*ì »gHåŽZL Robot Æ>äZq- University of Edin Burgh ÅæŠÐZCgZ3eð&+ï%ÆnZEwH Echolocation f~û»âVÆÔ åÔÇéZq-ÆŠhÆX ÔZzgQkÆ‚¹Vä Jose Carmena -Eg;ÆY¥â]¬)Æ ÆCentral Sound Source ÃZq- Robot »**xŠc*åX "Robot" SkŠgc*Äà (Month) ‚BWgZ3HŠHåÔZxŠïƒñQϧi»÷6žZq-ÆŠh»$40î NEE Zq-Šzu}мÃA6,e{ƒD Fixed Receivers ZxŠêìÔZzgŠz ÒpZq-ÆŠhÆ»âVÆX / ÍæV»4+îg6,ZEw™äÅ{§ÔŠzu}S:]ÃÆŠhÆÔ ÃeiZíHY@*åX Robot f‚~g3Y@*åZ# ÆŠhkÍæV~æZèZâYÅÙ|#ÆnZL»âVÃw•~ ÑDZzgSk§bÔW‚ãÆ‚BSyÆ‚tWäzZॻzIVÐ$™ò YDZzgQhZyYg~gnpZzgZLDgÃDg™feXéÆŠhzVÆÔ Ð¯äQkÆ}2xÃ"ÍA Sensors ÌWgZ3ƒ@*åeÑu Robot eƒnX »ÔtQyÅYCìžZq- Sensors ]ìZ,ŠgC!’q-ÆWzZi øg~vXic*Š{ôpƒYNÏX Ultra ¬„Ð BMW |~ÔZ,»g¯äzZá‰%eöZzg heÇh~ÃX] (Reverse) ZEw™DegZÇgkÅ抙äú Sensors Æc*Šzu~ Car ìQy»žÔegZÇgƒâgƒY@*ìtYy™žHz{ŒÛd$ìz{Zq- ¥»z^ÆŽQkÆúƒCìX 5152 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 27. /WߊÏÆÜsZq-T»Ù|#´45å NEE{ 27 »C Ô** +>.ç J EGc*Æ 'Petersii f!ZÛiÅ;¶Å**ugppzZàTÔ Sõ(ÑÑTAWߊ0*ã~ZK 3.9 ª) 10 ÆAWߊ0*ã~gSìXt (80»F) WV»ZEw¹Á™0*CìXz{ZLgZ3»Ø',¹ ]½5Òø YE Æfg=0*CìŽ Ðxîg6,{g`ƒDgTX**gïqÑ]Æ Muscles QkÆ™x~ñŽŠ ]½5Òø YE {g`™DX‰0*ã~Wߊϻ 500@*300 °4 Muscles Ôt (,kY@*ìÔ¾qwÔ°4 ]½5Òø YE Æ{g`ƒäÅ®ZŠZq-DÙZgÐic*Š{ Level ÔŽ;¶Å**ugppzZàT»ZEw™D (Dedectors) ƒ$ËìXÙs#à} »',ßÆ L e v e l s ÔZEwGYDeö™äWߊÏÆ Šgc*Æ0*ãÆu%ä Stour à~XZq-0*ãÅvÔà~Ô Bournemouth ;¶Å**ugppzZàŠVÐ "3©©- ÷ GEEG GƒäÆnÔŠîìXCÙ Ô20Ô(Samples) ŽŠgc*Æ0*ãнZƒ@*åÔ~gSìX Aquarium TÔZq- ~ñŽŠƒDÔÇYD Aquarium ]½5Òø YE ÔŽ Receptor Ð:æENH}gTXZ¤/0*ãWߊ{ƒ@*ìÂT Aquarium ~Žž Computers Ð{g`™Š{ ]½5Òø YE Å®ZŠÅÙ|#ÅYCìÔZ¤/®ZŠ(,SƒðƒCìÂÛR, Æfg=ZÑgxWŠc*Y@*ìX // 0*vZV!*[ /Y0+ZgZâYZzgQhZy)ßY ô¹„"ÍÔ!*&¢AQhäzZàáƒCì? Ôc*Boeing 747 Passenger Jet Zq-ÔSkorsky Helicpter Zq- ~ÐÃyCÙ{òÐ0*uÔ!*&¢AQhZy½äzZàá F-16 Fighter Zq- ƒ$Ëì?ZÖpÔgi+geZó~|Zq-‚³*y!*g}~6,0+zVÆÑzq ƒDÔ½™DSkÎZw»Zq-ŽZ[ÔÒy™Dƒñ».Þ™Dƒñ »Ô85Âî G Zq-)©àF,¹c*C (Aerodynamics) 6,0+zVÐÔZq-ZÛ/ƒZðwÅ »Ô¡È&+}iVÆÎZ¼Zzg7ƒDX Aircraft 6,0+}6,¡½ï EHQhZy½äzZàáƒDXÃðÌÇh~ÃQhZy½ä Screws Æn»°îg6,−ƒ**¢zg~ƒ@*ìXSk»Z:t™sîgЦñ 6,ƒ@*ìŽÏVÐÝ™äÆnZEwƒDXtSk!*]Å Bolts Zzg »ZEw Materials zŸs#™CìžYVƒZð˜iƯäzZáå{m ™äÅÃÒ™DÔŽ¯1¹„¢oZzgœñVÃ',ŠZ“™äzZáÔ ƒDXpSkÆ!*zŽŠžÓxÃlSkÑÆ”w~GYDÔë S¨KySkyZy~6,0+zVÆQhZy~6,¡½ï EHƒäÆÒpÐ&¢A~ŒÛd$ ƒä»ŠúòÌ7™MhXH?äLŠ¬ìZq-6,0+{Ê}ÆÐÓƒñc* 5354 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 28. I”¤/Dƒñi}ÐZzœcîV~?c*Zq-6,0+{ÅDƒñZq-dcîV~ ZkzzОQkÆŸÐÝgZÆWc*$zgƒ‰ƒV?6,0+zV~"Í ÔŽ Wright Brothers eiZbgnp»°ZW,ƒZ!*i~ÆF,ª]6,Ô|~Ô ÆdÁg (Vulture) gƒZð˜iÆñ].+ÆŒYDZEwHå´å Y L| ˜iÆd¯gì¸X Kitty Hawk Zq-âewÆZ#žz{ZL w•~ÑäQyA-VÃÔ6, Muscles ÅAAc*VÔ¤‰ÜzgBÆ Z+S:]Æ‚BÔŽzZãîg6,eDž6,0+}eiZíÅ (Feathers) aZzZgƒDÔZzgŠïQ7)©à&&ƒZ~QhZy½äÆnX ÆÔŠzu}ç5]Å Planes 6,0+}ic*Š{F,¹c*CƒD£¨~ Æ(Dove) ZzgÏc* ,ç GN ~ (Raven) Zq-(,~®ZŠ~X6,0+}‰žNh~±ðOZ !!*ic*V™DƒñƒZ~Š3ðŠïÔZzg'.5ë EOEY ',ekQhZyÆŠzgZy¤qª ~g{MhX 6,QF,YD c z{QhZy~ZLf‚Ze7-îg6,$+wŠïZzgZq-á XÃð̘iZ+ÃðS¤Zx7Š}YìX 85Âî GW ƒZð˜iÆŠgc*ÄGYäЬÔ"ÍeiZíŽ6,0+zVÐ ZEwƒDQhäÆnÔZq-(,~®ZŠ~ñ].+ÃOW,G¸X6žt z,œ~~‰ZÛZŠzZªîg6, 19 ~Ô Movies !*]gkgeň¶Z’Zð{ñl !*0+ñ¸y~¶ÏVÃZL!*ƒV6,ZzgcîV~ZLWòåÔ6,0+zV Æw»]ÅÜ™DƒñX!*g!*gŠCÙZDƒñSk§bÆZdwÃÔZ7ic*Š{²ž 7ÎåYy0*äžd„Üs»°7ƒD¸Š¶Q7ZYi]ƒZ~Qhä ÅX¡A$ÐÔS¨K+MÔ‚³ &½5½ø HE ÔZzgïZzgaZzZgÅZ˜jV~‡.ÞÒp F,¹ìX@*ë‰~iZ,Šú}™DŽÁZiÁZãÅAZzg)zZŠÔ)x ƒD6žz{ZzAñ].+H™D¸XQyÆìw~Ôg…zZáY0+Zg D+g+Cé GES6,0+zV~$+w‰%³zZgXD+gSg»Y»t{C}4,xÃðãCŠ7g‚r ìSkn**‡.Þ@*Gƒ@*ì6,0+}Zq-7g}îg6,Z‚|#gnpÔi}6, ƒZð (Feather) Å‚|#?!*wz6, Muscle …zZᑇ]ÐXQyÅAc*VZzg ÑÏ (Metabolims) Zzgy~z’R»gzZ×V (Aerodynamic Wings) wÅd x¹ÌQyg…zZá³Z**]Ð7gnpÔZzg!540î NEGEŠúòD+gZg»Y»âew 85Âî GW QyÆKã}2éÆZq-}2xÐÌÃðx¹7g‚rìX /ƒZ!*i~~6£œ:Zq-dŽ$+mì^Ô “ƒñqÑ]Æ_. ŽV„z{QhDÔ6,0+}ZEw™DZLdÂ4!*&¢A §&~ÔpŠlŠîg6,$+wfemR{Z%Æ‚B‰ŠZzg¹ƒðƒZXŠzg Å)ßY~уñÔaçL¤/xîg6,eiZbÃF,¹ Air PhoneŽg q¢ÆÔ Š¶Åˆl™g쐞SyS:]Ãù»x~ÑÃX ï™Zq-EZgdeiZíHìÔŽ U.S. Air Force Zzg Boeing: NSA Æ_.Ž˜i~ñŽŠ Data ЯìŽZK^$+wYìQk Glass Fibers ™ä Process ÛR,Ðq݃CìXtÛR,SkÆ´z{̇.Þƒ@*ì Ãe›W!ÐQhZyÆqÑ]ÆmЉžŠÔ½zZàƒZŸ]Ôz){X Data ÔŠzu~ÛxSkì~»x™Dƒñ_Vd¯äÅÃl Airbus ™g„ŽZK^Ô“ƒñcðqÑ]ÆÒpÐÔ$+wMhÔ@*žZgï ÆZEwØVJ-eƒnÁ™nX ZCÔ6,0+zVÅd‚½VzZªîg6,eiZí»Zq-Û/ƒDXF‚ßV ÐÔQyÅQhZy~ÑVw&¢AÔZ +C42.ç E EGE GkÆn!’q-»Zq-fg=g„ìX }.ZäSy‘‡]ÃZhZyÆn4+ÂZ0+Zi~WgZ3HìXZvÔ‡ŠgÇÔ øg}ÂzÃ6,0+zVÅZypzgZVŧsfsÅWe$~z™Z@*ì: LL''HQyßÍVäZLZz6,6,0+zVŧs7ŠÙÔžZL6, 5556 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 29. ;ñƒñQhDQDZzgLSÏqª~ZL%æFM)43ïGEHfeÔS}.Zñ (19 )Îg{Z<Ô gÝÆQyÃÃðåóƒñ7ìX /ù6,0+zVÆdÔQhZy)ßYÅßg]¯ñgnp 6,0+{ÆQhZy»_·ÔƒZð˜iÆÏVÅ‚|#~Zëp=V~ gÚ~ÅìX ~Syp=V»ZEw™äzZßV~ÐZq-Z%k Planes ¬ 7g‚råÔŽƒZð˜i Flaps Zzg Ailerons Ã>åŽNzwu ¢4mø E G‰ž F.111 Æw»]Nzw~ZEwƒDXOñSkÆÔÇ6ž6,0+}™DÔ ÃñŠîìg Plane ÃXtq Wings Ã>pg{ÌQhZáYYìZL ÂZiy~85Âî G ²z{<g;ƒ@*ìX /ƒZ!*i~~î]Ô¢|Æ%æFMgZ3ŶK0+„™D Zq-ƒZð˜iÆÔQhZyÆŠzgZyÔŠ!*îdÆ)g}Ã$+mìZzggL ÏVÆ)gzV6,ƒZÆŠJg}ÔQhZyÆ — 0*ãc*ƒZÆ=g$ðFNw¯Yì 6,z¤/Zx~¥»z^0MhXƒZ!*i~ÆóZSm,ªCÙ™DžZ#¢|QhZy Zq-— (,}%æFMdÆ)g}6, — ~ƒDÂz{ZL(,}%æFMzVÃÅs ;BÅZèVŧbƒDXSkx@{ÐÔ>ä¢|ÆSk§i¿Ãg Test ZzgZ7 (Ailerons) Hinges Zq-âewÆhe»ìwHå¯ägLŠJC Æîg6,ZEw™äQhZy~XSyqzV»ZEw™DƒñÔz{Âgnp¸ž » Nortexes Æ**ÍZgZW,Z]Á™**ÔeƒYñDzic*Š{gL Vortexes pg{6, ÆŽ¬„Ð)baZ™gì¸Ô Vortexes Zq-ŸÔOñQy(,}(,} F,KMŠc*Y@*ìX Šg„ƒ@*ìÔZzgZ[>SÐ Idea Sk§bG‰Š!*]á@žt ǘizV~¿~ÑäÅÃÒ™gìX z,œ~Å‚b**»xƒˆ¶Šgc*Ä™ä~žƒZð 20 / QhZyÆŠzgZyZEw™D Insect wÅ &½5½ø HE ÃŽž Qh@*ìÔz{ZLÏVÃFÎ!*g°]Zq-Zz‰Æ Insect 6žZq- 85Âî G ŸŸZMhZzgŠCÙZD!*g!*gQyÆÏVà Insects ‚Bâg@*ìX‰ !*gX 600 Zq-]~ Sãic*Š{w»]Z+)©à!gëg~Æ‚Báƺžt eiZíÔ)Ñ 81¹Ðö EGÂîg6,»g7HYYìX -Eg;WsOg6',ÆzuC§»]» ÔMichael Dickinson ÆQhZyÅ &½5½ø HE êCÙ™äÅ{§ÔZL‚¹VÆ‚BZq- Fruit Flies 6,zW ÆŸŸZäÆw•Å InsectÔRobofly B@*åX Robofly ¯c*åŽ Robot Å Fly ±5é YNEic*Š{(,}e:6,ZzgÜsZq-DÙZgz,zÆ 100 Ü™@*ìÔ1Zq- ]k~Zq-!*gÔ`c*Y@*åÔÛR,X 5 gëgÆXz{ZLÏVߟZYìCÙ Nz®ñR,kÐX ÆÔáƺgì Dickinson ‚ßVJ-F‚bŠZVé6,zW ZLÏVÃWÐ Insects Š!*]SkÂÆ‚BŠgc*ę䞬]žù Dickinson 6,ZLŠ!*]ÆŠzgZyÔ Fruit Flies Zzgúâg@*ìc*ŸŸZ@*ìX ™D6 (Ascillate) Æd:ÜsZz6,nZPZi Insects ä¥xHåž ÐÔ1zZªîg6,ZEw™D¹„ Hinge žZ¤/z{уDZq-‚Š{Ð ë{ƒZðwÅ &½5½ø HE ÃX´z{Zi,Ôd$+sZL¥cc*ŠJg}ÃCÙŸŸZä ÆŠzgZy:dÆZz6,ÅRZz6,»‚o™Cì6ždw•™CìnÅ (Flap) §sÔpA$d˜äìZL"g6,Sk§bžnÅR‚o™CìZz6,ŧsÔ ²dQ½@*ìX‚bŠZV=ô™äÅÃÒ™gìSyë{w»]Ãë Å澎ž»x™CìƒZð˜iÆ Aerodynamics ƒñžgzZ§Lª 5758 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 30. Aerodynamics Zq-ÐiZZ+ Fruit Flies ÏVÆnƒCì**»°X S:]zZ¢š5é GGSZEw™DXVwÆîg6,ÔZ#z{ZLÏVÃâgDÔz{ ƒZÆŠJgzV»ghDŽËuJ- (Whirl Pool) ZLúZq-ë{=g$ðFNw ƃDÔŽV„dZK Wake éZq-˜iÆgh}ƒñgZ3ÆÔª ‚Æ#³‚~ߦìÔz{úSk|ìƒZÐ*gCìÔ¬„ÐÅð 2.5 ÆÜs Fruit FlyŽ(Muscles) ƒððh~ÂZ**ðÅ!*ic*!Æ‚BXgv‰ B¢aÆÏVÊzÎ!*g°]ƈ[Ðâgä)ŸŸZä(»ñŠïÔ Æ£¨~¹ic*Š{¤!gŒ (Muscles) ÆQhZyÆgv]V Insects Óx !W@ÔQyÆgLq — ÆÏVÆ´z{ŠvZzg¬] Flies YDX Æ(ÂZiy‡ìgpp~把ïÔZzg Halteres d)YäYDg ƉÜñ™DÔÓxYh Flapping Motion )-WÑ]ÌŽ Sensors ZEw™DgTSy Flies 3‚ßVÐt  QyÆeiZíÆS¾wÃX QßßVÃXŽ¼žW`Æ‚bŠZVÔWgZ3ƒD¹„F,¹ Aerodynamics ÆQZyÅ &½5½ø HE »‚o7™MhÔŽƒ@* Insects c*C)ßYÐÔ7g}îg6, ìðÆAoÂV~ÐZq-o]XQyÆnŽÎWƇ.ÞƒDÔ ÇÔZvªCÙ™@*ìZL"Vwf;-$ZzgDÃSk¶Ïí~XZq-We$~ ‡Šg ZvSk!*]êCÙ™@*ì: LLZñßÍV!Zq-Ð!*]?ÃÒyÅYCìÔSkègÐ]4ð NEÔ"— XÅÔ?ßvÔ}.ZÃgh™Ô„Š]™Dƒz{Zq-gKÏíÃaZ7™MhÍžƒ ƃÌYV¦ƒYî,ZzgaZ™**Šzgz{ÂZ,¬bƒDžZ¤/QyÐí ¼áÌáYñÂSkÐz{ 9¡ç FNHZÌ7MhX¾ŠgŠzâV$zgƒD (73 |ÙÌZzgQy»qŠÌX)Îg{ZÝÔ Ù!*[ /ë³ZâVÐHJMh? CÙzZu³Zyg‚r켊ª]Z0S:]ŽQkÃð6,âZi}‰ X‰£g~W!wÅZDwÐZ.Š{qÝ™DŽQ70*ã~w• ™äƇ.Þ¯DÔŠzu}ËuJ-)czs8k5é LOGOCWÑ]»ZEw™D XSyWÑ]~ÐZÒX»žS¨K+M#!*g‚oHåÔc*'ÑzqHìX ‚b»Ôž¡¬]Q½gìSy)©àŠgc*:VÆ Biomimicry ]ì ÝÑ]ÐZzg"—w~Ì/Ò]ZEw~WDgÐX /águÆ¢Å!’q-оZÅÎFZzg u:egZr-»gGYD Zz»¾ZÅÆ£V~ÔZq-]ÆÎZVzÌÛAZzg;gÆŠgxy ÛtaZ™YìXYè¾ZÃVÆZxÅw•ÆÜs'×Z›gzu(,~ZÌÅ qïƒCìÔF¾ZuZN[™D6§i6,eiZíGƒñ¾ZÅÎF»Ž ÎFÔŸÆZq-ÇÐ(,}gKà Fit gzu~¶ÑDXt¢ïÆ‚B Å Skin ЯñYDŽZq-águÆ Fabric ™DƒñÔZq- Cover S:]ÅÜ6,eiZíHƒZƒ@*ìX Se)Z9ZypgŠÎÆx@Z]ªCÙ™Dž¶LLŠZ-$óóZq- 5960 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 31. aZ (Spirals) ÃeJbŽ0*ãÆÀŠ~=g$ðFNzÖc*6ŠZg Skin águÆ ™DÔgnpƒñ0*ãÃŒÛd$F,águÆŸÆZzgSk§bgzuÃÁ™D Æ**xÐY**Y@*ìÔZzgî]águÆ¢Ð0Ô Riblet Effect Xt1 6,Yg~ìX¾ZÅÎFŽ¶ƒD NASA Langley Research Center 6Ã$kZzgkŽ&»4ø HE Æ‚BaZGYD',ZñÃg¢ïÆ‚B ¾ZuÆŸÐÔZzggzuÃÂuJ-Á™DX ic*Š{gzu~ 8% ïeCìžZ,]k¬x¾ZÅÎFÆ£¨~ ¶™DX gZq-âewÆ©8ì Viper ZLæZf~ USA / Dr.John Pearce -Eg;ÆZ9pZzgÛR,Zb8-Y6,zWÔ Texas Æ**xÐY**Y@*ìÔ_·HìX Pit Viper Ž4îg6, »Ô Crotalines 6,%ÃiƒCìX Pit Organs QkÅïSy‚zVÆ ÆWçÆ‚tƒ@*ìZq- (Ÿ- î EE Z¡[ig&ò¥/J‚Š™0îE Snake Sk Zq-¹„ Pit B@*쎤/xpyzZáDgňl~ZEw~W@*ìXt PitŽ SkŠg8héOkƒ@*ìžÔ|~Ôt — F,¹c*CZzgë{wZg]8héOkÂxg‚rì ‚,$Zq-aìÅÔŽ~@*gO~ZkÐF¢akŠzgzZƒ@*ìÔÙ|#™Y ìX ƈlZzgn„}2xÆ Pit-Viper >Òy™DžZ#z{ Ô‚,$X§hVÃZEw™@*ìz{Z(g™nYMh gZizV»ZÏs™fe ÐXSk§b˜´Qy™D Missiles ic*Š{zWîg6,ôpgppoÊÔÆ ÆnÔŽQhZyÆç**u Pilots ÂñVÃ(,JäÅŽžæŠÇgƒD 6,ƒDÔŠÔÆÏgzVÐ$å3ÆnXeZËckHìÔLLZ¤/ Missions ƒZð¯`Š9eSìZK(,ZðZ¤/z{Ü™Mh§»CÂxÅZzgqÝ™D e"5¿.ç GHHA$o4îg6,ŠÔÐôpg{YìX@*ëŒVJ-Ôz{ Missile Zq-4 zŸs#™@*ìž-î]Wy~uJ-ÅYCìÂQÌtƒ@*ì0***eÔ ',Z',~™**‚,$ň9LÐ: ë‚,$ƞƈ8LÅãCŠ~îg6,âe#™DX?¡’k] »Hȃ@*ì?ë (Impulses) Åeö™MhƒÔ1ÎZwQÞìÔQy’k] Zq-°Š~âew»ZEw™DëƒÐì»: ÃÑŽ¢[ÎC ]ÖÓ9†æÚn^+ß9Ô ŽZ[z;Vƒ@*ì'SkŠgž ƃ@*ìX (Pulses) ž6,ZzgQk»ÈtFZ¡!’k] ƒCìZq-¡GpyÅ**CVÐZzg¡³ÖÐ−~ Pit ‚,$» ƒðXGSkŠgˆkƒCìÔZzgŽZ!ZŠZâ]~¸‹]Zã!*gq-Zzgë{ž Pit ¤/Ä~:WnZzgºSy ]½5Òø YE ÅÔU*"$ƒCì)©àîg6,ÂX' Photo ÆZdwÆnt¢zg~ƒ@*ì»x™**‚B**iueNK]ÆZzg Organ ÆX Micrographs 6žtVwªCÙ™CìÔY0+ZgŠg]~Zq-Zdf;-$Zzg)ßY» bCÙ{™DX>Ø`DƒñŠgCeiZb»gQyÆâeÖÆÔSk §bqÝ™D!’q-/Y]ÆnŽƒYì*¸‚ßVÆZzg §bƃDƒVZzgÑDQ7ÌZq-¹„ÁF,z‰Ü~ÔZ!xÃX ZzgÀ}Ž$+sg8- (Chameleons) /ZzÏ ÃZLâjwÅo9LÐ (Chameleons) OW,±è NE&¢AŽžZzÏ Chameleon ZLgùVÃÔª]Zzg)1CpÎZg~ŠzâVÒpÐÔ$+܃@*ìX ZL343ï XJGG~p~Zq-Z+gëgÆ‚BÑYìŽßÍVÃ!**ª]~eZwŠîìX **òŸ]»ZEw Chromatophores (,~'g]Æ‚BÔZzÏZL ™@*ìŽãCŠ~igŠZzgaç Ncg8-ZL~gnpÔSkÅZ[Ï6,]šZzgC 6162 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 32. Ô»áА}Èg}g8- Melanophores gzÝÃF™CìÔZzgŸ] ~#è ELEgnpÔŽQkÆg8-ÃZzgZ™ŠïX VwÆîg6,ÔZq-QzÏÃZq-ÖZgigŠg8-Æâjw~gnpÔZzgz{ ¢~„igŠg8-Z(g™©8ìXSkÆ´z{ÔQzÏ:ÜsZq-zZug8-Ðx¹ Z(g™YìÔÉgùVÅZq-WölÐÌXSkÆúŽgZiƒ@*ìÔTZ0+Zi Ðg8-gppzZáŸ]Sk343ï XJGGp~ŢƏƒDÔÌc*iD ZLâjwÅ_“~X qDî]Ž!hé L‡akZ_543ð HGH^Ws)ßYÔ~Yg~ÔÑgBbì Ç.ÞÔps™äSyÆgùVÃQÏÒpÐ Shoes Zzg BagsÔClothes ¯ä 6žQzÏ$+mìZCg8-X >f6îg6,Z0+Zi{™D]ÎV»Žž¯c*ŠHƒ@*ì6îg6,»g ÐÔŽF™MhƒÓxgzÝÃŽ¢[ÎCìQkÃÔZzgŽWgZ3ÔZq- Fiber ™Š{ ЃCìX Battery Pack gKÏ Æfg=$+% Switch on the pack t)ßY]kÃñŠîìZq- ¬g8-Zzg%ä]zV~XQÌt)ßY~i¹PƒCìX }ÔZq-¿ÆY–Æg8-$+%ÆцŠkDÙZgeZ°ÆŒÛd$ƒC ìXH¼?ìw™zÐZ¤/Ãð?ÃZq-Y–e@*ìZzgŠúò™@*ìžÔLLtZCg8- $+wYìX@*ëÃðÌY•7»gHåÔZzg:QkÆg8-$+%Å&¢AÃXz{ ƒÇîgÐpŠÐzZƒZåXóó ¸„?ìw™zОz{¿ƒ@*ƒÇ0*Éc*Q¹„rZgX!**™s gppQkÃ!*ë5™ÔZzg85Âî GW ¬QkÆžÔ (Tailer) îgÐÔz;Vg;ƒÇZq-Šgi~ +C42.ç E EGE GkaZ™äÆQkÅ&¢AÃ$+%g8-ÃXZknÔùQzÏSy%{òÆ p=VÃáƸì? HQkÆeiZíÂép~»ñŠï?‡ì™DQ7pŠÆ ZLŸ~ÔZzgpŠÐÓx§i;ñ¿Ãáƺ?"—Ôtƒ@*ì¹ „)xŠúò™@*žQzÏätƒpŠÅZKWiZŠZ:%èÐHìXYè85Âî G S¨Ky pŠÐZ+Zq-p~Ñ**¬îg6,**e0*D?ùZq-‚,$Zq- $Š ê EER ‡ì™Y 쎇.Þƒ@*ƒ$+%QkÆZLŸÅªCÙ~qªÃ?Šúò™**žZ+Zq-Zd &¢AZ·tÐzŽŠ~WðìÔƒ@*ìZÉ:Zzg"pìwXÃðÌ8c*¡~ }2x7g‚rìÃð¤‰Ü¯äZ,%{òÅ&&Zzg«™äQ7 Y0+ZgzV6,ŽžZkÅ¢zg]gnpX Zq-Zd¤‰ÜxZyƒCìŽZCÙÔ‚>VÔZzgŸ]6,gÇ‘tÆŸ~Zzg F,d$ŠîìQ76žz{eSìX}.ZÔŽQzÏÃðHìÔªCÙ™@*ìÔëÃSy VßV~ÔQnðÅÑVw¡]ÃÔ6žŒÛWy~7HŠHìÔZv‡Šgǃ@*ì: ZvÅ0*ÅÒy™DƒŽ¼žWâVZzgi}~ìXZzgz{ i',Š„ÕzZÑìXQÏÅžìWâVÅZzgi}ÅXz„§]ŠêìZzg (1,2 z„ñ]ŠêìXZzgz„CÙq6,‡ŠgìX)Îg{Zh+Ô ÑÄ‚wŠ*y~eiZí 50 ™zh 51 / ‚4x¦/+ÔZ%k‚×Ô~|Zq-*y~Ô U.S. Zq-g Mummified Òy™@*ìžz{ZzgQkÆ‚¹VäZq- Andrew R. Parker ÑÄ‚wÐg¿¶X 50 ™zh 4 ~ôp Amber Rasin í»ç¤HåŽZq- SkÆ%“WçÅŽŸzZgz9Y]Æ¡ÆÈ¥V6,g¿‚|#»Z[Ï 0*ñ¸žíÅWçÅ‚|#ƒC¶Zq-¹„ y pZmÅ=ô™ä6,z{Y Æ{mîgЗiZzbz¸q6,XZkGz£ÅԈŠÔAntireffector !*&¢A ï~Ô|~ÔÂ}ƒð¶X ]ìSyŠgc*:V»ZzgŠzu~S:]»ÔW`Æ‚bŠZVSk!*]» Å&¢A~Zzg Solar Absorbers çGžù(,}e:6,ZŸ†ƒ@*ì 6364 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 33. @*ì_5Õä HQÃÂZ**ðÛZë™ä~X»xŠzg W ~ÔŽZEw~ Solar Panels Á™äwZgC (Angular Refflection) q¢~Yg~ìiZztzZgZ[k (Mimicry) ÐÔíÅ%“WçÅÕà (Wave) ZzgŠvgzÝÅñŽV (Infrared) Å¥V~ZEwÆn̹„ Solar Panels Æfg=Xz,tÝw ñizVƒDX Ð%ZŠÔZq-F9Zq-eiZíƒ@*ìŽÎg` Solar Panels )ŒV6, ÆÂZ**ðÆ',ZñaZ™ä (Source) ÅÃúVÃ_.[™@*ìgZq-È Z9 $o-ö GH c*wZg]Æ( íÆ%“W绡ZKÜÐSkÆ´z{Ì7g~™@*ì¢zg]à å!*Z°Z„îg6,Îg`ÅÃúV» Pannel ËWÑY]ÅSkŒÆ‚Bžt ™D¢zgÂVÃËW!Y]ÅSk ~ ‚o™DgTXSkÆ´z{Ì7g å!*Z°Z„Îg`ÅÃúV»fí{™äÅ{§ PANELS ŒÆ‚Bžt Îg`»‚o™DXZ%t|ìžÜsqw„~Üðzcð)ßYÆ âCÙ+äŠgc*ÄHìtƒZzgSkÆeiZíÅÜ»gHìÔ1ªVZLWV ~gnpgìt&¢A3‚ßVÐX Burgess Shale ZϧbÅZzgÌ‚ 854è EG GqDŠâV~̉ ÑÄ‚w%æFNZãXZYi]Šï 50 ™zh 51 6,Šgc*ÄG‰Ž Fossils ¹„!Zzgg8-Åwg]»ÔteiZíeCìžÜsH¼žZq-Zd1ìð z{Žž — »z{ì|~!@*ëZ($+¸¼gŒYYì§s™r#ZZyÐ ZEw™MhZLf‚z:æ ELŠÃKžCÙqŽzŽŠgBbìƒCìZvÆZ(g ~XZq-We$eCìžùZ,oÂV»ÈQyßÍVÆn¼7ƒ@*ìŽ }.ZÅfZ]ÐZïg™D: LL;VzZªZv¬ÄõWÂ7ÑâDSk!*]ОÒy™Š,ÃðVwÌpZ{ ŽÅƒpZ{SkÐÌ(,~ƒXÎŽßvZZyÑñƒñpZ{¼„ƒÔz{¢™, Оt"—tVw¹„ñÅìQyÆg[ÅY+$ÐÔZzgg{‰z{ßvŽ»Û ƒ`ÔÎeì¼ÌƒYz}Ôz{Â-V„ëgÐžz{HÈìZv»Sk VwÐ?Zv¬ÄõWSkVwйÎyÃeZ{™DZzgŒVÃSkVwÐ@Ze$ (26 ™DZzg7eZ{™MhËÃ1Üs"T™äzZßVÃXóó)Îg{•{Ô :Zq-7g}îg6,0*ãä/Ä~hezZàZ»ð Stenocara / gŠâV~Ô˜V6,P„Y0+Zg0*ñYDÔ‰Z0s¹„ Beetle ª]Z0eiZbZL~gnpXSy~ÐZq-ƒ@*ìZq-n»È3,Z ~gLìXZq- Namib Desert B@*ìÔŽ†!f!ZÛi~Ô Stenocara ÅZá®)~áùƒð¶Ô 2001 **òx¦/+ÆJâÞ Nature g7g^~ÔŽ Òy™CìžùtÈ3,Z¦™@*ì0*ãŽQkÅ’Æn¹„Zëƒ@*ìXt È3,ZƒZÆW!ggZ]Ð0*ãZ~.™@*ìŽÜs¾îgÐÂÐ Stenocara QkÆgŠãâjw~Šø7[ƒ@*ìX È3,}»0*ã¤/ÄÂxÔãCŠ~îg6,QkÆ“zÅZq- Stenocara {m{¤6,«ƒ@*ìÔTÅR (Ÿ-žõ EE Q¸gzVÆ‚BeqƒCìXQy”VÅ ÐeqƒCìÔz,Sy Wax RŽSyQ¸gzV) ')4ø FF(ÆŠgxyƒCìÔ ÐWiZŠƒCXtßg]qwÈ3,}Ã0*ãæ™ä~Ô Wax Q¸gzVÅa‹V Zq-ic*Š{lZg~qÝ™ä»Zq-4§&;BW@*ìX Žqžúc*VƒCìžùz{0*ãÃgŠãƒZÐZ™©8ìÔ˜V6, (Ÿ-žõ EE(Ÿ-žõ EE 0*ãÆgLgL¢Z]¹¢ó™YDwZg]ZzgƒZîVÅzz ÐXZ,gL¢Z]ÔŽ:ƒäÆ',Z',ziygnpÔˆƒñ‚B~ƒZÆ áZi~i}ÆYDgTXÈ3,ZZLWÃ7™@*Z,‰žZ¤/z{Y}ìSk !*]ÃLLq@*ìZLŸÃƒZ~WÐÅY+$]ìSkÆ"VweiZíÆÔ (Ÿ-žõ EE ¢Z]ÏV6,ÃgxƒDZzgÇæNH¼ƒñ¦ñÈ3,}ÅRЃDƒñ 6566 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
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  • 38. ™zh!*gÔc*0*õ‚wJ-ÆnÔªCÙ™@*ìZq-Zë2wXqD 17½ ŠPÂì ~ZJyHŠHåIZkÆ (Calves) )ßYÅZq-aZzZgÔt¡¦›wzV žSk»ZEwZ¨KâV~ƒ@*ÔZ¤/85Âî FGô}ÜsPZq-¸VJ-„i0+{gì ¸X¡¦›wŽSkvлgHŠHåg3Hì™õÃ@VƏS¨KãŠw ~X 2004 Æ**»x%ÉV~Ô pÔzZãîg6,îCâCÙ+0*DS¨KãŠw»Ü™**¹„ÂX MVäSkñçq6, ÔSteven Vogel, Biomechanic -Eg;ÆZq- Duke Zq-Â[ÌèìÔÒy™@*ìžYV: LLžtz{S +C4ø E EE …Šø7[Ôe쎼ÌQyŤ‰Ü»â8}ÿ Mì )gv‰(5ìZzg Muscles c*»xÅ&¢A»ZÖgŠg}ÂЃ@*ƒÔXÆ ‚ÅZzg߃DŠwZ”ŧbÔZzg‰žƒD¡)éËqÆ øg})ߊáÆXSkn?7™MhƒÜƒÉZq-ZÝ›wÅ'óó 6,Ventricles v»¡¦ŠwŠz Abiomed VwZq-Ç]Š}ÆÔ Œƒ@*ìXz;V7+M»ƒYCìÔ¾qwX ÔçZ +B542.ç E EGEGJŽZq- Alan Snyder gc*„»Zq-!*°{Ô Penn Z%MÆ îC7gåÔSyZÖp~ZÝZzgÜ~ÛtêCÙ™@*ì:ŠgC›w~ª8›w ÆZzgt? (Vessel) ÁgZq-',@ Muscle ~Ô?ZEw™gìƒD B™@*ìpyÃpŠÆZL.Þ1D6,X6ž ')4ø FF™D»x (Container) ‚B~QÏèo6,6ž›wg‚rìZq-',@ZzgZq-ÂxŽž ')4ø FF™Dâù ÆnXŠw~Ô¾qwÔ',@ZxŠêìpŠÅZKìÃXtƒ@*ìÛtT» ™@*ìX Synder Üž îCâCÙ+ª]iŠ{žùZq-›wŽ]¾æ NH@*ìpŠÐÔŠzâV ÆZ0+gzãŠ-ZgzV~w•aZ™@*ìÔgnpƒñZq-e{Z”Qy Ventricles Ə»x™@*쎞%! Battery ÆŠgxyX',ÜsSkÆt¡¦›wZq- ÃÚg+Cé GFg`ƒ**ƒ@*ì Battery ~ЃCìXSk (Abdomen) Æ_ Ð(Bundle) Pack ÐŽ{g`ƒDZq-g+Cé GFg745ÿ EGEÒR,~ Radio Waves ~êgTX (Harness) Žž%!Zq-‚izk,Zt øg}ŠgC›wÔSkÆ',ÜsÔÂZ**ðÆnZ+ËÒR,~ÅÃð ¢zg]7gnpÔYèz{Zq-‡.Þõ"Vw†°eiZíZL~gnpÔŽž ŸÆCÙ3~pŠÅZKÂZ**ðaZ™äƇ.ÞƒDX›wÅZq-Zzg{¤ ÅÑŽZ[ Pulses tìžÔz{ŽžÜ7ÅY$ËìÔƒCìQkÆŠP.V/p &¢AÅqïƒCìX |~Ô²S¨KyWgZxÅqª~ƒ@*ìŠwZq-4~0*õ{k {kJ-Ì(,|YìX 30 @*25 pyB™YìÔŽžŠzgZÈzgil~ Åp~ÃÒy™@*ìgÔ (Tempo) v»eZ],ËÔSk)©àgëg Abiomed LLZq-½ÆT»ž°iâ:Ãð}oá‚o7™$ËìXóóSkvЯc*ŠH {kpy4îg6,B™YìÔŽžZq-(,~®ZŠ 10 ¡¦›wZq-4~Üs Ŭx»gzZÇVÆn**»°ƒ@*ìXÇ›w½ZZzg¢ïZK¢zgÂVÆ_. QkpyÐqÝ™@*ìTÞz{B™@*gLìXZ(Zq-›w%Ë%#ÖÅ ‚wJ-l!»x™YìXt8›wpŠÐ‰h+ 6 0 Ð5 0 ¢zg]Æ ƒäÅ&¢Ag‚rìÔTÅzzÐz{ZKSk&¢AÃZL°x (Renewal) æZè»xÆnL7Å0*@*ìX@*ëtÌìZq-Zzg{¤Ž¯Cì**eÜ™** SЃɡ¦Šw~XøgZ8›wÔTÆ!*g}~‚bŠZVßvÔqDŠâVÅ !*] ™ä»ÜspZ[„ŠNMhÔt!*]ë6,Sk Match )ßYÐSkÐ ZvÃqݐX — »ZÖgìžZdF,+¥â]øg}{ÛZzgøg}¬à%;MW‡ ÂxÐÛR,zZ],kç{Ð3ë»Zq-i Immune / Zq-!*gZ#Zq-zZuÛR,Zq-zZ],kÐOW,ƒ@*ìÔSk»ÈƒÇž 7576 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 39. Šzu}ÛR,kQk™*~‚B~¢„Wߊ{ƒMhX FgÔSknÔSk!*]âzg~ìw™Dž‡ì™,Zq- ÐôpgÄÃZzgSk Virus @*žZL.$zguÂñVà "Immune System" Ÿ~)©àî]Yg~gÄÃXQy%Zœ/~ÐZq-ÔŽžZxŠ}g;ì ÆzZ?g^aWn~ IBM ìŽEc*guÆ Virus Isolation Lab Sk»xÃÔz{ zZìX ‡ìÅˆìŽ Microbiology z;V6,ÔZq-Zd™õ§8gR,~',Zñ Æ‚B»x™CìÔZzg6,z¤/ZéÌ7™C쎞 Viruses ç**u ZzgA$ — Z[J-Ù|#G‰ÔQyÅøá™Mh Viruses Zzg c*12,000 Q7âgMhX „Zq-Z+vìŽÃÒ™g„ì¯äZq- IBM QyÛé~Ð ÐVirus Âg~Š*~@*žôpgppñŽŠ{ÛR, bo-.ø H à Immune System ÆnŠ–ƒ@*ìX Cyber SpaceŽ ~Executives ÔŽvÆ Steve White )˜VZgno‡ìƒ@*ì(X ÂxÔé Immune ÐôpgÆnÔZq- Virus ÐZq-ìÔÒy™@*ìž ÆÔÅ¢zg]ƒCìX Immune System S¨KyÆ »zŽŠƒ@*ìŽS¨KâVÃi0+{g» Immune System tÜsZq- Âx„ZYi]ŠêìSk Immune ~Zq- Cyber Space ñŠêìXÜs ÆzŽŠÅX ÛR,ZzgY0+ZgzVÆŠgxySk_“ƬˆÜ~ÔóâCÙ,ä Immune ÑzqHìaZ™** +B©Šö GEE 6,z¤/Z鎻x™Déøg}pŠÆ ÆXz{BžŽ¼žëäŒìz!*ðZ%ZnÆ;îZzgQyÆ Systems Æ_·Ð5ìëÇ.Þ¯@*ìZ9Z7- Immune System NzwÆZzg ÅŠ˜VÐôpgppÆnz„§i¿ÃZCä6 Viruses 6,z¤/ZéÃSy Y0+ZgzVÃôpgppÆnZEwGYDX Antibodiesž fzƒâgpŠÐ܃äÆ6,z¤/ZéZzgeiZíÆ Viruses ÛR, ‚BÛR,k~uZe$™YDÔpŠÅ»8ÐZK±Ã(,JDZzgvy ªZLNzw~Ñfe Hijack àDc*QyÛR,kÃX~z{ŠZ4ƒDÔ 7™DÔŒƒDZq-tž Viruses XZÖgZ]c*SágZ]ŽZ, Ãvyà**ÔZzg (Files) ÛR,ÂxÃbiï NGc*Šð™ŠbÔLL%æFNZuZgîg6,]Òð LV Zzg‚B~Z — ‰Zz‡]Ô7g}îg6,pŠÛR,Ã**»xc***»g{™Šbƒ@*ì Z%ZnÆÔŽS¨KâV6,ZW,Z0+ZiƒDÔaZö»!*¯)ƒDX Æç}ÐôpgppÆnÔÙ!6,z¤/Zé Viruses øg}ÛR,kà Ɛá¿] Viruses ˆl™DCÙ‡âyÃÛR,kÆqC~ØÎä »Žž¬„ÐÙ|#G‰Zzgfí{G‰6,z¤/ZéÆ (Traces) ÆgZ>ƊƐá¿]ÃQVñQD Software,Viruses qC~XÛR, ŽQyÆTy»fg=0YDXZ#ÛR,»ˆÙ6,z¤/ZxÔQkgZiZ]V™ä ÐOW,ƒŠHìX Virus ™@*ìžÛR,Zq- (Warns) zZàŠÃT}ìÔz{!540î NGEEÔ 6,z¤/ZéÛR,kÆn7g} Antivirus 85Âî GW Z(¼ƒDƒñÌÔ îg6,D»‚ây77™MhX‰6,¤/Z%kPZq-ŠâVÆZ0+g„6 ~ÔÇQkOW, Cyber Space Æ!*g}~ÉMhZzgQQ7 Viruses Anti-Virus ÛR,Æfg=ÔŠZ4™MhXZ+ßg]~Ôt¢zg]ƒ@*ìž Å Viruses 6,z¤/ZéÌxîg6,âegyèo6,WDgc*Sk§bžz{6 D+ZgÅ6,z¤/ZéÅxîg6, Virus TyÆnŠg»g¥â]gnpgƒX6 6,z¤/ZéÛR,kÆn Anti-Virus ZŸ†ƒäÅ¢zg]7g~ƒCgìÔ@*ž 7g}îg6,D»‚ây77™MhX‰6,z¤/ZéPZq-ŠâVÆZ0+g„6 ~ÔÇQkOW, Cyber Space Æ!*g}~ÉMhZzgQQ7 Viruses Anti-Virus ÛR,Æfg=ÔŠZ4™MhXZ+ßg]~Ôt¢zg~ƒ@*ìž 7778 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 40. ÅTy Viruses 6,z¤/ZéÌxîg6,âegyèo6,WDgSk§bz{6 Ÿ† D+ZgÅ6,z¤/ZéÅxîg6,Z Virus ÆnŠg»g¥â]gnpgƒX6 Š–ÆÜsDƒ@*gìX Virus ƒäÅ¢zg]7g~ƒCgìÔ@*ž ZÚ,MÆ‚g~™*~ZEws;î~ZŸ†Æ‚BÔtƒ ÌAlÑzq™Šñ¹ic*Š{!gëg~ÐZzgOW,{ÛR,kÃç**u Viruses ÆóâCÙ+äŠgC%:Y]ÅÜÐÔ IBM vyT**ÌÑzq™Šc*ìX Šg]~ Viruses SyÆi»ÌØ`1ìXƒЬÔljž§»C Ì®ZŠ(,JäÆ6,z¤/Z/»ZEw™D Viruses ƒDÔ¡¦ÛR, Âx Immune XZ+&)é NtÑzq™DƒñÔ>äî]ÅžùS¨Kã ŸÅ™«~»x™@*ìX Z#z{Zq-Ûzã**xCŸ»‚o™@*ìÔŸ¯g~îg6,`Zž¿ZâY Immune ¯**Ñzq™@*ìŽúWzgÃTy™SÐn{™ŠïX (Antibaties) Sk!*]Ã=ô™äÅ¢zg]7ƒCìžZq-3»7gZ8~î OŽž³~ System »gg‚rìÔ¯g~îg6,ŽZ[Š¶ Antibodies Zq-Fg~~2ƒYìc*7X (Antibodies) Z¤/Z,ú»w~Z¬Š{ƒ@*ìX]ìSy»g9}`Zž¿ »Ôz;V6,‚g}OW,{3»ç¤™Æz‰Ü',!*Š™ä»ñŠñ%úëc* Y@*ìX 6,z¤/ZéÌgnpZq- (Anti-Virus)¿ Virus ZϧbÐÔñŽŠ ÃÂYy70*@*ìÔ1OñSkÆŠÃTy Virus Ž7g}ÛR, "Antibody" ©8ìX 6žë䊬ìÔ &»41¹ÿ HE GyZy~Ô9)bÆiŽøg}n [}îgÆ!*zŽŠ";ZâYggDŽŠg] — Æp Floundering Òy ~¬„ÐñŽŠƒD¸X ÂxÔTÆ!*g}~CÙ,ìwňìZzgŽž{ Immune øgZ îg6,»g™Šƒ@*ìÔøgZD™ä»ggLåISkÆ85Âî G ëaZÌ7ƒñ¸X tøgZW‡Zv쎘yZzgõƒìƒ»XZq-We$~Sk»f™ƒZì: (57 )Îg{ƒŠÔ LL÷ZW‡CÙq»õƒìXóó /WçÐ"{J-:wg]Å)ßY ÅW@™z~zäŃCŽŠg (Vetebrates) Lz~³Zy BDÔXÐgzÝWç~ŠZ4ƒC Pupils gnpÔZzgt (Openings) ƒDXgzݬSy°ÎVÐ (Lenses) Æ×~°Ð Pupils ìX ~½ZgLìÔ*gCìÔWyl Ball ÐŽWçÆ Fluid *gCìÔA$Qk ~z;V6,ÃðŠk™zhŸ]ÔŽg Retina **ò6,Š}ДZCìX Retina gùVÃÙ|# Cones ÆYäYDÔ0*ñYDZzg Rods and Cones ™DXtÓxŸ]Qy6,7,äzZàgzÝÃZ9p ]½5Òø YE ~$+wŠïZzgQy ƉР(Ÿ-@î E GEìX Optic Nerveà ÆZ§Zsg6,Š}»ƒ@*ìÔŠZ4ƒä Pupil Æfg=ÔŽž Iris WçÔ ¡~;îZzgiZîÑäƇ.Þ Iris zZàgzÝÅu]~!*‡°ÏÑCìX ÆXSÏÒpÐÔgzÝÅz{lZgŽ (Muscles) ƒ#-?õ G GXÔ]ìSkÆ (Ÿ-žõ EE gv]V Ə0*ÈgS쎞gZq- (Device) "{~ŠZ4ƒg„ƒCìZq-á ÆYãYCìX Diaphragm ~ÔÒy™@*ì Wild Technology ZKÂ[ ÔPhil Oates Sk!*]à žù"{ÔW珄‚Š{ÏZq-Üì: "}ÔLz~WçŦS‚ŠSÔ}o!h45å NGEäƒCXz{gzÝ 6,zs!*¾ƒDŽZq-°Æ‚B:ƒD%Ãi™äZq-ìwÃZq-™ 6,ŽžÁz‰ÜÆnZ±h4ðFiƒCì²Zq-e˜½èEc*ÃZhÅÑY@*ìX°Å^à $+sƒñÔWV~ìwÃ%ÃiHY@*ìÔ1"}ԙаÆÃA$+% 7980 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
  • 41. ÐÔ%ÃiƒDX (Focussing) Ñ**`âö6, / Ô¯I¤/Zshe~ªŠxƒ@*ìX Focussingt Zq-ìwÆSÏnů”Ì¢zg~ƒCì@*žSkÆnWç~ 6,Š}6,zZäîg6,¤/**ƒ@*ìX Retina ˆk "zVÆ‚BÔ¯´4k5ë GEY »¿;BÐðHY@*ìc*pŠlŠîg6,¹ 2gZ:Z0+ZizV~7gZƒ@*ìX ${3›é GEC „ pgŠÎZzgŠzgÎÔŽŒÛd$ÅZzgŠzgÅZâYÊÚÆnZEwƒD ÔÌ%ÃiGYMhÔ@*ët§i¿å¼z‰Ü»Ìvyg‚rìX S¨KãWçÔSkÆ',ÜsÔSk§i¿Ãxîg6,pŠÐZxŠîìÔ Zzgz{̹„!~Æ‚BX´z{Zi,ÔŽ§i¿tWçZEw™CìZkŠg »ŽSkÆ Muscles Zdƒ@*ìžz{Âîg6,ÌÜ7ƒYìX]ìQy 6,Š}6,&ìX Retina Z§Zs0*ñYDÔ°ìwà ¹„EZgZzg5ìÔt°W‚ãÐ$+mìZK^ÃÔ !~Ð%Ãi™DƒñZq-`6,T6,žgzÝ7,CìÔ°Æ;îc* teƒ0*@*ìX iZîÐ gVwÆÔZ¤/ëÃøg~ÂzÃZq-—6, — Z¤/°pŠlŠZ(7™@*ì A$ëZq-xÃÒQkÊÚƇ.ÞƒäÆn — ŠZ·îg6,%Ãi™**7,@*å GƒDXìÑ]øg}Ã~Š®àƒgâöÐ?Ø™ƒCXëÃËqÃñizV îg6,ŠÚÆnz‰ÜŠg»gƒ@*ZzgQgZq-³ÆÔÓxøg}»gz!*gŠÁZzg biï NGgëgƒYDX }.Zäøg~WVÃ"ͯc*ìÔ¾qwÔëZ,Ãð)] ž6 Z7Ck™DXZ#ÃðËqÊ9eLìÔQkÃZKWVÃZq-âö6, )äZzgZwgCˆ!*]™ä~Ãðz‰ÜQV**77,@*ìXZq-—Ùs îg6,ŠÚÆnÔQk6,ÃeZÜ»°ƒ@*ìXâ!*¹§i¿WçZzg (Ÿ-@î E GEÐpŠlŠ SkÆ´z{ÔtÓxð0*@*ìQkz‰ÜÆz9~T~žz{ — îg6,ð0*@*ì Z(™**eLìX Zq-¯I¤/ZsÔŽŠyÆz‰Ü1Y@*ìÔ¹„™sƒ@*ìÔ@*ë7² z„™gZ]~AWy~Zq-¦k,he~ZEwƒCìXQÌ85Âî G z,øg~ z,zÐÌÁz‰Ü~tZzgȃCÔÂë@*gzVà 10 W@Zq-CÆ 7g}™sîgЊNMhÔYèøg~W@gzÝÅZuÂVÆ_.ZL ™CX Set WÃpŠlŠ ÆZ§ZsƒDÔZ(ƒä»ñ (Pupil) Ž¡ (Muscles) gv‰ zÝ Pupil ËÔ Muscles ÛZë™DXZ¤/øgZâjw@*gq-ƒ@*ìÔt Z(g™CìZzgic*Š{gzÝÃWç~Wä»ñMìXgzÝÅzZÛlZgÆ‚BÔ gv‰]¾æ NHDÔ¡]¾æ NHCìZzgA$ÁgzÝÊZ4ƒä»ñÛZëƒ@*ìX¸ zzƒCìžëŠyZzggZ]ŠzâVz‰Ü™sìwŠÙX Zq-g3™*6, (Window) /Zq-Lzž ZzgZq-g3£zk, Black-and-White WçQ@*gCìZq-¦k,ŠzâVZq- Zq-„z‰Ü~XtŠzâV£zk,ˆZfZy (Ÿ-@î E GE~ïYDÔ˜Vz{Zq-**gïªCÙ ^Z(g™DÔic*Š{Zq-„§&~‰eggž¯I¤/Z°Š({‚Baç NcÔ Ôeƒ@*ìX igŠÔZzgYÆaZ™äZq-zZ¢š5é GGS7g}g8-»ìw ~1Zq--Z0+Zi Black and White Ÿ]ÔZâYà Rod~Retina Ÿ]gùVÅÙs#™DX Cone ~ŠÙX gZq-³ÆÔ ]½5Òø YE ŽzßwƒD=ôGYDÔZzgøg} ÇÛzã™*»Zq-g3ìw¯DX 8182 ¡~§»CÇZ]¡~§»CÇZ]
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