1.
Augmented Reality(AR)
Technology
By:
Booragadda Venkata Subba Harshith
Regd.no:121810404025
Sec:ECE-3D/A4

2.
Topics Discussed
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Augumented Reality technology
 History of Augmented Reality
 AR Components
 AR Devices
 Augumented Reality vs Virtual Reality
Vs Mixed Reality
 Applications
 Pros and Cons of Augmented Reality
 Augmented Reality Apps & Games

3.
ABSTRACT:-
 Augmented Reality (AR) technology works by
adding the real world & virtual world to
observe the graphics in a 3D format. Therefore,
extensively generated graphics in this
technology will improve the perception of
everyone’s in the real world. The essential
components used in this technology are
displays, orientation techniques, tracking,
software, etc. AR technology is used in games,
education, defense, security, entertainment,
medical, etc.

4.
Introduction:-
 Nowadays, with the development of high performance and low cost hardware, computers are already
considered as part of our everyday life. High performance electronics is now ubiquitous and offer great
and continuously improving resources ready to support us in the execution of ordinary tasks. A way to
exploit these new resources is given by Augmented Reality (AR). As detailed in [1] and [2], AR is a variation
of the more known concept of Virtual Reality Technology (VR), which is often defined as “the use of real-
time digital computers and other special hardware and software to generate a simulation of an alternate
world or environment, which is believable as real or true by the users”. VR technology creates an
environment in which the user feels and seems to be moving inside a computer-created virtual world in
the same way people move inside natural environment; while immersed in the virtual world, the user
cannot perceive the real one which still surrounds him.
 On the contrary, AR allows the user to see the real world, augmenting it with superimposed virtual objects.
In other words, while VR replaces reality, AR supplements it, creating an environment in which real and
virtual objects harmonically coexist. As explained by Sziebig in [3], AR exploits users’ perceptual-motor
skills in the real world, creating a special type of human-machine interaction. Figure 1 shows an AR
application for maintenance of an airplane fuel filter: we can notice how, superimposed to the picture of
real objects, some virtual objects are drawn. The virtual filter is registered to the real scene thanks to the
visible markers. Furthermore the AR application shows to the user which tool should be used and how to
operate with it, warning for possible risks.

5.
Introduction cont..
 AR is within a more general context termed Mixed Reality (MR) [20], which refers
toa multi-axis spectrum of areas that cover. Virtual Reality (VR), AR, telepresence,
and other related technologies.Virtual Reality is a term used for computer-
generated 3D environments that allow theuser to enter and interact with synthetic
environments.
 The users are able to “immerse” themselves to varying degrees in the computers
artificial world which may either be a simulation of some form of reality [10] or the
simulation of a complex phenomenon.

6.
Augumented Reality Technology
 The process of superimposing digitally rendered images into our real-world
surroundings, giving a sense of an illusion or virtual reality. Recent developments
have made this technology accessible using a Smartphone.
 It is usefully in games , education, Industries & movies- really and field
 Augmented reality (AR) is an enhanced version of the real physical world
that is achieved through the use of digital visual elements, sound, or other
sensory stimuli delivered via technology. It is a growing trend among
companies involved in mobile computing and business applications in
particular.

7.
Augmented Reality cont..
 In fundamental terms, the expression augmented reality, often abbreviated to AR,
refers to a simple combination of real and virtual (computer-generated) worlds.
Given a real subject, captured on video or camera, the technology 'augments' (=
adds to) that real-world image with extra layers of digital information.Essentially,
Augmented Reality is a technology that works on Computer Vision based
recognition algorithms to augment sounds, videos, graphics and other sensor
based inputs on real world objects using Augmented Reality devices.
 AR can be defined as system fulfills it classified 3 basics
 Combination of real & virtual worlds.
 Real time interaction.
 3D registration of virtual & real objects.

8.
Augmented Reality cont..
 Combination of real and virtual worlds:-combining computer vision and spatial
rendering techniques, projection mapping system allows to augment the
appearance of ordinary 3D physical objects with computer-generated graphical
images without visual artifacts (e.g., image warping, unnatural texture). ...
 Real time Interaction:- Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-
world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by
computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory
modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory
 3D registration of virtual & real objects:--With the development of computer vision
and the advent of new-generation depth sensors, the use of 3D data for objects
representation is becoming increasingly popular. Both computer vision based
method and sensors can acquire 3-D data easily and in real time. With the
massively increased usage of 3D data for perception tasks, it is desirable that
powerful processing tools and algorithms are available for the growing community
of the AR domain.

9.
History of AR:-
 In 1990 Augmented Reality was founded by “Thomas caudell”. But in 1968 Ivan
Sutherland was created the first head mounted display.
 In 1992 Louis Rosenberg created the first fully immersive AR system at the U.S Air Force
Research Laboratory.
 In 1998 Augmented reality was first used for navigation, in NASA's X-38 spacecraft.
 In 2000 the first AR game launched as Head mounted display & after 2005 Augmented
Reality as developed the games in smartphones .One of the first was AR Tennis - a two-
player AR game developed for Nokia phones.
 In 2008 BMW was first Brand make use of AR for commercial purpose with it AR
enhanced. And 2012 Blipper launched first cloud based app. After that blipper
developed the first AR game for google glass.
 In 2016 Niantic and Nintendo launched Pokemon Go - the hugely popular location-
based AR game that put AR on the mainstream map.
 In 2017 the number of AR users in the U.S hit 37 million. This is expected to grow to 67
million by 2020.

10.
AR Components:-
 Scene Generator:- The scene generator is the device or software responsible for
rendering the scene. Rendering is not currently one of the major problems in AR,
because a few virtual objects need to be drawn, and they often do not necessarily
have to be realistically rendered in order to serve the purposes of the application.
 Tracking System :-The tracking system is one of the most important problems on
AR systems mostly because of the registration problem [3]. The objects in the real
and virtual worlds must be properly aligned with respect to each other, or the
illusion that the two worlds coexist will be compromised. For the industry, many
applications demand accurate registration, specially on medical systems.

11.
AR Components (cont..)
 Display:- The tecnology for AR is still in development and solutions depend on
design decisions. Most of the Displays devices for AR and HMD (Head
Mounted Display). When combining the real and virtual world two basic
choices are available: optical and video technology.
 It depending on factors like resolution, flexibility, field-of-view, registration
strategies, among others, Display technology continues to be a limiting factor
in the development of AR systems. There are still no see-through displays that
have sufficient brightness, resolution, field of view, and contrast to seamlessly
blend a wide range of real and virtual imagery. Furthermore, many
technologies that begin to approach these goals are not yet sufficiently small,
lightweight, and low-cost. Nevertheless, the past few years have seen a
number of advances in see-through display technology, as we shall see next.

12.
AR Devices:-
 Three major classes of AR can be distinguished by their display type: (a)Optical See
Through HMD (b)Virtual Retinal Systems (C)Projector Based AR.
(a) Optical see through HMD :-An optical head-mounted display (OHMD) is a wearable device
that has the capability of reflecting projected images as well as allowing the user to see through it,
similar to augmented reality technology. It works by placing optical combiners in front of the
user’s eyes. These combiners are partially transmissive, so that the user can look directly through
them to see the real world. The combiners are also partially reflective, so that the user sees virtual
images bounced off the combiners from head-mounted monitors.
 Prime examples of an Optical See-through AR system are the various
Augmented medical systems

13.
AR Devices (cont..)
 (b)Virtual Retinal systems: A virtual retinal display (VRD), also known as a retinal
scan display (RSD) or retinal projector (RP), is a display technology that draws
a raster display (like a television) directly onto the retina of the eye. The user sees
what appears to be a conventional display floating in space in front of them.
 (c)Projector based AR:Projector Based AR uses real world objects as the projection
surface for the virtual environment.
 It has applications in industrial assembly, product visualization, etc. Projector based AR is
also well suited to multiple user situations.
 Alignment of projectors and the projection surfaces is critical for successful applications.

14.
Augmented reality Vs Virtual reality Vs Mixed
Reality
Augmented Reality Virtual Reality Mixed Reality
It overlays virtual objects on
the real-world environent.
It immerses users in a fully
artificial digital environment.
It not just overlays but
anchors virtual objects to the
real world.
If you own a modern
smartphone, you can easily
download an AR app and try
this technology.
You need to wear a special VR headset to
experience virtual reality. Most VR headsets
are connected to a computer (Oculus Rift) or
a gaming console (PlayStation VR) but there
are standalone devices (Google Cardboard
is among the most popular) as well. Most
standalone VR headsets work in
combination with smartphones – you insert
a smartphone, wear a headset, and immerse
in the virtual reality.
Mixed reality that starts with the
virtual world – the digital
environment is anchored to and
replaces the real world. In this
case, a user is fully immersed in
the virtual environment while the
real world is blocked out.

15.
Applications of AR:
 Medicals: Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that integrates digital
information into the user's real-world environment. It offers a new approach for
treatments and education in medicine. AR aids in surgery planning and patient
treatment and helps explain complex medical situations to patients and their
relatives.

16.
Applications of AR (cont..)
 Entertainment: For entertainment purposes, AR has been used effectively in PR and
marketing initiatives for motion picture, television, and other media promotional
campaigns. Typically, these have included printed graphic or real life object
recognition where the software identifies a unique symbol via web cam or cell
phone camera. The software then activates a graphic overlay, which tracks fixed
coordinates within the web cam image. These are examples of mapping objects
and experiences onto video imagery, real-time.

17.
Applications of AR (cont..)
 Engineering design : AR is gaining a lot of popularity in engineering design and
securing its position as an invaluable asset for almost all engineering specialties.
The use of AR enables design engineers to reduce the duration of the development
cycle significantly. AR models are also easy to share due to the availability of
numerous free supporting apps. Next-gen product designs are going to be reliant
on the concept of data-driven designs. And AR is a big part of acquiring this data
for insights. One possibility is for AR-enabled products with embedded sensors to
gather intelligence on how product users interact with them under a range of real-
world conditions.

18.
Applications of AR (cont..)
 Miltary Training
 Robotics and TELEROBOTICS
 Manufacturing,Maintenance and Repair
 Medical(Brain surgery,Heart surgery; E.t.c)
 Consumer design
 Enginnering design
 Hazard Detection
 Audio

19.
Pros and Cons of Augmented Reality
 Pros:
 The experience of applications developed using such technologies is of high order and
delivers a great user experience.
 Such applications offer a great reality experience which makes it easy to use for almost
any sought of person.
 The primary notion behind developing AR based applications is to increase the social
interaction amongst individual, which it is successful at.
Cons :
 The AR technology involves extremely high costs of development, implementation, and
maintenance.
 The applications lay extraordinarily little emphasis on maintaining confidentiality of an
individual.
 There can arise certain situations which can even lead to devastating accidents and huge
health issues such as psychological effects

20.
Augmented Reality Apps and Games
 Houzz
 Snapchat
 Giphy World
 Civilization AR
 AR core
 Pokemon
 Jurassic world Alive
 Zombies Run

21.
Augmented Reality Videos:

22.
Augmented Reality Videos(cont..):

23.
Some useful links:
 https://k3hamilton.com/AR/AR-Books.html - Augmented Reality(Karen Hamilton’s
Web).
 Augmented Reality: A Practical Guide By Stephen Cawood and Mark Fiala
 Augmented Reality : Principles and Practice (Usability) By Dieter Schmalstieg
and Tobias Hollerer
 Augmented Reality: Where We Will All Live By Jon Peddie.
 https://coffeestasia.medium.com/books-about-augmented-reality-6ff7f18c2de6
 https://youtu.be/fv71Pe9kTU0
 https://www.zdnet.com/video/vr-ar-and-mr-whats-the-difference/