Basics of Radiation protection in Radiology

2. Deterministic effects Stochastic effects
Onset Time Short Long
Threshold Yes No
Probability Same for all individuals Increases with dose
Severity Increasing with dose Independent of dose
Prevention Prevent occurrence of accidental
exposures
Prevent exposure time
Examples Radiation dermatitis
Cataract
Genetic mutations
Cancers

4. TLD - Thermoluminescent Dosimeter
Thermoluminescence is a physical characteristic
of certain crystalline materials called phosphors
They absorb energy from ionizing radiation and
release it as light when heated above 100-200
C

5. In India, TLD badges are
made of Calcium Sulphate
Doping material –
Dysporsium
Sealed inside a plastic leaflet
to protect from moisture

6. Use TLD with cassette
Must be worn at chest level
Wear TLD badge beneath the lead apron
Must be stored in radiation free places
If TLD left accidentally in the X-ray room, report immediately to lab and send
for processing

8. Radiography –
Always work
behind a protective
barrier
Mobile X-ray –
Operate the unit
from a distance
and use lead apron

10. Maximise distance between
X-ray tube and the patient
Minimise distance between
the patient and imager

15. Always wear protective accessories such as lead
apron, thyroid shield and protective goggles
Always wear TLD badge
Make use of ceiling suspended glass, couch
hanging lead flaps and lateral shields
Make good use of Time, Distance and Shielding
Ancillary staff should make use of mobile
protective barrier