The 2016 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme was held in Labuan Island and Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The Programme included workshops, plenary sessions, and fieldwork around the topics of local sustainable development challenges in the region. The main goals of the Programme were to identify local leadership opportunities for sustainable development and to link local and national sustainable development projects to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Treaty, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction.

1. Dr. Irina Safitri Zen
Head of Sustainability Research Unit, Institute Sultan Iskandar (ISI)
Senior Lecturer, Department of Urban and Regional Planning,
Faculty of Built Environment
UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Leadership & Urban
Sustainability

2. Presentation Outline
 Climate Change and the Effect to the urban environment
 The Solution :Approach, Framework & Initiatives
 Climate Governance & SDG Agenda 2030
 Sustainability Leadership
 Quintuple Helix Framework

3. Global Warming & Climate Change

7. 70 percent of
World Human
Population
located in Urban
Area by 2030

11. Urbanization and Urban Heat
Since 19779, land
temperatures have
increased about twice
(2x) faster than ocean
temperatures.
Urban Heat Island
(UHI) causes change in
micro climate of urban
areas and leads to
rising trend in rainfall
extremes events and
decrease quality of life
in urban area.

13. Why should developing countries care
about climate change?
 Studies show that some of the most adverse effects of
climate change will be in developing countries, where
populations are most vulnerable and least likely to easily
adapt to climate change.
 Changes in temperature, water supply and quality will
impact on agricultural production, human settlement and
health, biodiversity and animal migratory patterns (IPCC,
2001a,b).

18. The Solution : Approach, Framework & Initiative

19. URBANISATION &
CLIMATE CHANGE

20. 3 DOMAIN OF APPROACH IN TACKLING
THE CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES
 The interrelated concepts address as to response to its impact
to the human systems areVULNERABILITY,
ADAPTATION & MITIGATION (Smit et al. 1999, 2000 and 2001,Adger 2001 and
Huq et al. 2003).
1. Vulnerability defines in the literature of climate change as
- the combined measure of threats to a particular system either
adversely or beneficially.
- the degree to which a system is susceptible to or unable
to cope with the adverse effects of climate change, including
climate variability and extremes (Mc Carthy et al., 2007).

21. 2. Adaptation
‘Adjustment in natural or human systems to a new or
changing environment. Adaptation to climate change
refers to adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their
effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial
opportunities‘ - IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change)
In this context, adaptation occurs in physical, ecological, and
human systems where its involves wider spectrum such as changes
in social and environmental processes, perceptions of climate risk,
practices and functions to reduce risk and exploration of new
opportunities to cope with the changed environment.

22. 3. Mitigation
 Refers to any strategy or action taken to remove the GHGs
released into the atmosphere, or to reduce their amount.
 Defined as 'technological change and substitution that
reduce resource inputs and emissions per unit of output
with respect to climate change.Mitigation means
implementing policies to reduce GHG emissions and
enhance sinks‘ - IPCC

23. Sustainable Development Goals
Agenda 2030
“action-oriented, concise and easy to communicate, limited in number,
aspirational, global in nature and universally applicable to all countries while
taking into account different national realities, capacities and levels of
development and respecting national policies and priorities”
17 Goals
230 Indicators
169 Targets
in 15 years

24. Several Related Goals in SDGs
Goals 11. Sustainable cities and communities
Goals 13. Climate Action.Take urgent action to
combat climate change and its impacts
Goals 17. Partnership for the Goals.
Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable
development

26. How is Global Climate Change Affect
the local government?
i. A high and increasing portion of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions is generated in cities – mitigate,
ii. The effects of global climate change have a direct impact on
cities, which need to adapt to the changing situation,
iii. Linkages and synergies between climate policy and
sustainable development become most obvious at the local
level, and motivate cities to generate the social and
technological.
.

27. Effect Climate Change to Sub-National
States
There is an increasing emphasis on the role of SUB-
NATIONAL STATES play in the global multi-level climate
governance systems.
They are in a well positioned to develop policy and
programmatic solution that best meet specific geographic,
climatic, socio economic condition of the cities (Gupta 2007).

28. URBAN CLIMATE GOVERNANCE ;
sub-national state

29. Climate Governance
Recognize as self-governing, governing
through enabling, governing by provision
and governing by regulation, climate
governance requires different approach
and skills for the government response
proactively to the climate challenge.

30. Multi-Level Climate Governance
 The emergence of new types of
governance where authority is
increasingly shared and shifting
between several policy levels and
new actor constellations are
formed, including both state and
non-state actors.
 Global warming exemplifies the
need for such new types of
multi-level governance by
changing the relations between
higher and lower levels of
government as well as redefining
them for the sake of greater
coherence in policy-making.

31. Multilevel governance
 “An action by local governmental authority in areas related to
climate change in legal and institutional frameworks at higher
scales” (Corfee-Morlot et al. 2009).
 A two-way relationships; top - bottom approach between local
and national action on climate change can provide interface for
policy making which functions as an enabler each other and also
defined as policy actors and stakeholders operating across
horizontal and vertical levels of social organization and
jurisdictional authority around a particular issue (Selin and
VanDeveer, 2009).
 Emerge in NorthAmerica and several OECD countries such as
Finland, Sweden, Sao Paolo-Brazil, NewYork City and Barcelona,
as a response to climate change challenges.

32. What type of Leader to address the
uncertainty and risky environment as a
result from climate changes ?

33. Understanding the
interconnections
of systems – System
Thinking.
GloCal -Think globally and
Act locally
Env-Soc Dynamic Interaction
Protect nature
and people
Transform business
as usual - BAU.
Sustainability Science
- Lead by example
in your actions
Sustainability Leadership

34. Sustainability
Leadership
5 Principles
Understanding the
interconnections of
systems.
It is vital to recognize how each group of related factors (people,
objects, processes, etc…) are connected and contingency impact.
Think globally and
toward the future
Consider what current and future impacts you are making with each
decision on other countries, society, oceans, animals, communities,
waste, resources, etc…
Protect nature and
people.
Distinguish how actions taken affect people and the environment.Try to
make decisions that will reduce the negative impacts on 2nd and 3rd
levels of people, processes, the environment, and economies.
Transform business as
usual
Do something different within your span of control. Change a habit
which reduces waste such as reading via an e-book or printing double
sided.
Lead by example in
your actions.
Be responsible for yourself, your job, your actions, and your
organization. Hold the organization accountable to lead by example in
its actions. Hold yourself accountable to reduce waste and increase
efficiency. Others will follow.

35. Defined as
 create opportunities for people to come together and generate their own answers – to
explore, learn, and devise a realistic course of action to address sustainability challenges.
 Not giving direction but develop and implement actions in collaboration with others,
modifying them as needed to adapt to unforeseen changes in the environment over time.
 This approach to leadership does not assume an ability to control activity with any
degree of certainty and predictability.
 Embrace the inevitability of continually changing dynamics in everyday life, while
developing reasonable actions with others within an integrated framework that provides
coherent direction, clear accountability, and enough flexibility to allow for mid-course
corrections.
Sustainability
Leadership

36. Sustainability Leadership
For every action a sustainable leader takes, whether personal or on
behalf of an organization, they might ask:
1. How the action affects the ecosystem, subsystems and super systems
upon which my family, my organization, my community, the people
of the world and myself depend for sustaining life?
2. How the action affects my social well-being and that of others in my
family, my organization, my community and the world?
3. How the action affects the economic stability/growth potential for
my family, my organization, my community, the world and myself?

41. HOW / WHAT IS THE ROLE OF HIGHER
EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN climate
change & sustainable development?

42. Improve Interconnection
in Sustainability.
• The Triple (3) Helix innovation
model focuses on university-
industry-government relations.
• The Quadruple (4) Helix embeds
the Triple Helix by adding as a
fourth helix the ‘media-based and
culture-based public’ and ‘civil
society’

43. Climate Change the Source
for Eco-Innovation and
Knowledge Based Society
The Quintuple (5) Helix
innovation model is even
broader and more
comprehensive by
contextualizing the Quadruple
(4) Helix and by additionally
adding the helix (and
perspective) of the ‘natural
environments of society’.

44. Knowledge Based Society
“Quintuple Helix outlines what Sustainable Development might
mean and imply for ‘eco-innovation’ and ‘eco-entrepreneurship’ in
the current situation and for our future”
(Carayannis & Campbell 2010)

45. The FIVE subsystems (helices)
(1) The education system
Refer to‘academia’,‘universities’,‘higher education systems’, and
schools. In this helix, the necessary‘human capital’ eg. students, teachers,
scientists/ researchers, academic entrepreneurs, etc. of a state (nation-
state) is being formed by diffusion and research of knowledge.
(2) The economic system
Consists of‘industry/industries’,‘firms’, services and banks which
concentrates and focuses the‘economic capital’ eg. entrepreneurship,
machines, products, technology, money, etc. of a state (nation-state).
(3) The natural environment:
is decisive for a sustainable development and provides people with a
‘natural capital’ (for example: resources, plants, variety of animals, etc.).

46. (4) The media-based and culture-based public
Integrates and combines two forms of‘capital’;
i. culture-based public (eg. tradition, values, etc.), a ‘social
capital’.
ii. media-based public (eg. television, internet, newspapers, etc.)
contains also ‘capital of information’ (eg. news,
communication, social networks).
(5)The political system
Formulates the‘will’, where to the state (nation-state) is heading toward
in the present and future, thereby also defining, organizing as well as
administering the general conditions of the state (nation-state).
Therefore, this helix has a‘political and legal capital’ (for example:
ideas, laws, plans, politicians, etc.).

47. Quintuple Helix innovation model
 Use as a framework for trans-disciplinary (and
interdisciplinary) analysis of sustainable development and
social ecology.
 A model which grasps ad specializes on the sum of the social
interactions and the academic exchanges in a state (nation-
state) in order to
 promote and visualize a cooperation system of knowledge,
know-how, innovation for more sustainable development
 How do knowledge, innovation and the environment (natural
environment) relate each other?
(Carayannis and Campbell 2010)

48. Why Higher Education Institution (HEI) need to take the
leading role in developing the Knowledge Based Society ?
IHE as “the scientific community now needs to strengthen further
international collaboration, and take a leading role in providing the knowledge
needed for societal transformations to a sustainable world. The challenge
remains to lift the role of science, both natural and social, to develop a thorough
understanding of the complex global challenges, to identify, validate and monitor
new approaches and technologies and to introduce new green economic models”.
Institutional
Sustainability Leadership
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002219/221907E.pdf

51. COPENHAGEN: CARBON MEASUREMENT & PLANNING
Copenhagen scooped up the Carbon Measurement & Planning award for its
ambitious 2025 Climate Plan—an attempt to make the city
completely carbon neutral by 2025. If it succeeds in cutting emissions to
400,000 tons, Copenhagen will be the first carbon neutral capital city in the
world.

52. Initiative: Increase Green Area and
Plant More Trees

53.  Produce more fuel-efficient vehicles
 Reduce vehicle use
 Improve energy-efficiency in buildings
 Develop carbon capture and storage
processes
 Increase solar power
 Decrease deforestation/plant forests
 Improve soil carbon management
strategies
What next—what can we do?

54.  Collaboratively designing each study, generating and exchanging
knowledge, and planning for implementation.The approach proved
useful in the development of shared knowledge on the sizable
contribution of ecosystem services to disaster risk reduction.
 This knowledge was used by stakeholders to design and implement
several actions to enhance ecosystem services :
i. new investments in ecosystem restoration,
ii. institutional changes in the private and public sector, and
iii. innovative partnerships of science, practice, and policy.
 By bringing together multiple disciplines, sectors, and stakeholders to
jointly produce the knowledge needed to understand and manage a
complex system, knowledge coproduction approaches offer an effective
avenue for the improved integration of ecosystem services into decision
making.

56. Malaysia: Towards Developed Nation Status
Source: PEMANDU
New Economic Model
Sustainable
Development

57. Voluntary Low Carbon Comitment
Malaysia Commitment
Speech by YAB Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, Prime Minister
“… Malaysia is proposed a voluntary reduction up to 40%
in terms of carbon emission intensity of GDP by the year
2020 compared to 2005 levels.”
17th December 2009
Global Citizens + Responsibilities
For the Earth, for our future generation
Green Sustainability as New Consumer - Sustainable
Culture, New Market, New Growth
Money Saving
Energy conservation and renewable energy

61. Figure 1 : Smart City Multiplier Effect Under City Development in 11th Malaysia Plan
(MIGHT 2014)

62. Malaysia Climate Change Profile
Major sources of CO2 emission :
- 35% energy industries.
- 21% transport
- 16 % manufacturing industries and construction
- 14% forest and greenhouse gas, GHG conversion
- 6 % mineral production.
Urbanization annual rate of change 2.66%,
the Malaysia urban population achieve 74.7% of total population.
The contribution of CO2 emission to an increase of outdoor air pollution - leading
cause of cancer (IARC 2013), its create an urgency for an improvement of urban
environment.
The statistic justifies the needs on climate change mitigation and adaptation in the city.

64. Urban Climate Governance in Melaka

65. Championing the Integrated Urban
Development
 Melaka has shown LEADERSHIP with successful implementation of integrated urban
development Pursuing an integrated approach towards urban development is not new for
Melaka.
 The state has successfully begun the transformation of the Melaka River from a backyard
drainage channel to a popular and highly successful cultural amenity.
 An integrated effort and nearly a decade to construct wastewater infrastructure, adopt
historic preservation and placemaking measures, and pursue economic development strategies
to create a an urban waterfront with a riverwalk and river cruise experience that has become a
popular tourist attraction.

68. Terima Kasih. Thank You.
If you want to go fast,go alone.
If you want to go far,go together.
(African proverb).