Soil Classification

1. SoilClassification
SoilClassification
Dr.Ashraf El_Shahat
Dr.Ashraf El_Shahat
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2011
2011

2. Geometric Design
Geometric Design
Identification of all dimensions of roadway elements above the
surface.
Structure Design
Structure Design
Studying what is underneath the surface, including determining the
material characteristics and layer thicknesses
Introduction
Introduction
material characteristics and layer thicknesses
Structure Design
Structure Design
Pavement Function
Pavement Function
The primary function of a pavement is to serve the user in a safe,
comfortable, and economic manner. To satisfy this function, the
pavement must have adequate structural capacity under the
influence of traffic loads and environmental factors.
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3. Pavement Types
Pavement Types
Flexible Pavement Rigid Pavement
Wearing Surface
Base
Subbase
Subgrade
Flex. Pav. Rigid Pav.
The basic difference between the two types is the manner in which they
distribute the load over the subgrade
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4. Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
Soil Classification
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5. SoilTests
SoilTests
Sieve Analysis
Sieve Analysis Atterberge Limits
Atterberge Limits
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6. GroupIndex (GI)
GroupIndex (GI)
GI=
GI= 0
0..2
2a +
a +0
0..005
005ac +
ac + 0
0..01
01bd
bd
where:
a
a=F – 35 (0– 40)
b
b=F –15 (0 – 40)
Rating
GI
Excellent
0
Good
1
b
b=F –15 (0 – 40)
c
c=LL – 40 (0 –20)
d
d=PI – 10(0 – 20)
F
Fispassing ≠200
PI
PI= LL -PL
Good
1
Fair
2-4
Poor
5 -9
Very Poor
10 - 20
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7. PL
LL
No.200
No.40
No.10
Sieve
33
42
30
55
-
(SoilA), %
15
35
85
96
100
(SoilB), %
Example
Example
SoilA
%age passing No. 200 is 30% ( 35%)Soil is Course, It may be A-1,A-2,A-3
%age passing No. 40 is 55% Soil could be A-2, or A-3
%age passing No. 40 is 55% Soil could be A-2, or A-3
%age passing No. 200 is 30% (10%)Soil is A-2 Using Chart to deter.Type
Soil is (A – 2- 5)
GI = 0.2a + 0.005 ac + 0.01 bd
a = 30 – 35 = 0
b = 30 – 15 = 15
c = 42 – 40 = 2
d = 9 – 10 = 0
GI = 0.2*0 + 0.005*0*2+0.01*15*0 = 0.0 (Excellent as a subgrade)
Soil is (A – 2- 5) (0)
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8. PI
A
A -
-6
6
A
A –
– 2
2-
-6
6
A - 7 - 6
LL
A
A –
– 2
2-
-6
6
A
A-
-4
4
A
A –
– 2
2-
-4
4
A
A -
- 7
7 –
– 5
5
A
A –
– 2
2 -
-7
7
A
A-
-5
5
A
A -
-2
2-
-5
5
10
40
40
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9. Example
Example
%age passing No. 200 is 86% (35%) Soil is Fine, It may beA-4,A-5,A-6,A-7
Diagonal line is (LL – 30 = 70 – 30 = 40) PI = 32 40, and
Using the figure soil is (A – 7- 5)
GI = 0.2a + 0.005 ac + 0.01 bd
a = 86 – 35 = 51 (40)
b = 86 – 15 = 71 (40)
c = 70 – 40 = 30 (20)
d = 32 – 10 = 22 (20)
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d = 32 – 10 = 22 (20)
GI = 0.2*51+ 0.005*51*30+0.01*71*22= 33.47(very poor)
GI = 0.2*40 + 0.005*40*20 + 0.01*40*20=20 (very poor)
Soil is (A – 7- 5) (33.47)

10. ‫نسبة‬
‫كاليفورنيا‬ ‫تحمل‬
)
)
)
)
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
(
(
(
(
١٠
)
)
)
)
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
(
(
(
(
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11. •
‫إعداد‬ ‫يتم‬
‫ى‬.‫املث‬ ‫املياﻩ‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫بة‬:;‫ال‬ ‫من‬ ‫عينات‬ ‫ثالث‬
)
OMC
(
‫طبقات‬ ‫ثالث‬ ‫ى‬.‫ع‬ ‫الدمك‬ ‫مع‬
:
‫ى‬J‫ٔالاو‬ ‫العينة‬
‫بعدد‬
١٠
‫طبقة‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫ضربة‬
)
٩٥
%(
،
‫والثانية‬
‫بعدد‬
٣٠
‫طبقة‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫ضربة‬
)
٩٥
-
١٠٠
%(
،
‫والثالثة‬
‫بعدد‬
٦٥
‫لكل‬ ‫ضربة‬
‫طبقة‬
)
١٠٠
.%(
•
‫للعينة‬ ‫الجافة‬ ‫الكثافة‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الرطوبة‬ ‫ونسبة‬ ‫القالب‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫وبمعرفة‬ ‫املدموكة‬ ‫والعينة‬ ‫القالب‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬‫و‬ ‫يتم‬
.
•
‫ق‬‫فو‬ ‫ئ‬n‫مكا‬ ‫حمل‬ ‫يوضع‬
‫العينة‬
‫بة‬:;‫ال‬ ‫ى‬.‫ع‬ ‫الرصف‬ ‫طبقات‬ ‫ن‬‫ز‬‫لو‬ ‫مساوية‬ ‫ضغط‬ ‫وحدة‬ ‫ليعطي‬
)
‫يعادل‬
٢
‫حلقة‬
.(
•
‫ملدة‬ ‫مثقوب‬ ‫قاعدة‬ ‫قرص‬ ‫ق‬‫فو‬ ‫املاء‬ ‫ي‬n ‫العينة‬‫تغمر‬
‫أيام‬ ‫بعة‬‫ر‬‫أ‬
‫تفاع‬‫ر‬‫با‬
‫املاء‬
‫الحر‬
٢.٥
‫العينة‬ ‫سطح‬ ‫ق‬‫فو‬ ‫سم‬
.
•
‫يرفع‬
‫ملدة‬ ‫ك‬:;‫وي‬ ‫القالب‬
١٥
‫ق‬
‫ى‬.‫ع‬ ‫التحميل‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫اعاة‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التحميل‬‫جهاز‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫ي‬n
‫الطريقة‬
١١
•
‫يرفع‬
‫ملدة‬ ‫ك‬:;‫وي‬ ‫القالب‬
١٥
‫ق‬
‫ى‬.‫ع‬ ‫التحميل‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫اعاة‬‫ر‬‫م‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التحميل‬‫جهاز‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫يوضع‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫ي‬n
‫التجربة‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫العينة‬ ‫سطح‬
.
•
‫لقيم‬ ‫املقابلة‬ ‫ٔالاحمال‬ ‫ترصد‬
‫اق‬:;‫الاخ‬
)
٠.٠٢٥
–
٠.٠٥
–
٠.٠٧٥
–
٠.١
–
٠.١٥
–
٠.٢
–
٠.٣
–
٠.٤
–
٠.٥
(
‫بوصه‬
.
•
‫أخذ‬ ‫يتم‬
‫عينة‬
‫العينة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الرطوبة‬ ‫ى‬‫محتو‬ ‫لتحديد‬
.
•
‫اق‬:;‫الاخ‬ ‫وحمل‬ ‫اق‬:;‫الاخ‬‫مقدار‬ ‫ب—ن‬ ‫عالقة‬ ‫ترسم‬
‫فإذا‬
‫سليمة‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫ن‬‫تكو‬ ‫منتظم‬ ž‫املنح‬ ‫كان‬
‫وإذا‬
‫جزء‬ ‫وجد‬
‫قيم‬:;‫ال‬‫صفر‬ ‫ونقل‬ ž‫املنح‬ ‫انقالب‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫عند‬ ‫املماس‬ ‫برسم‬ ž‫املنح‬ ‫تصحيح‬ ‫يلزم‬ ‫منعكس‬
‫ى‬J‫إ‬
‫املماس‬ ‫التقاء‬ ‫نقطة‬
‫ر‬‫املحو‬ ‫مع‬
.
•
‫تحسب‬
‫ٔالاحمال‬ ‫عند‬ ‫النسب‬
)
P
(
‫اق‬:;‫اخ‬‫ملقادير‬ ‫املقابلة‬
٠.١
٠.٢
¥¦§‫القيا‬ ‫ل‬‫الجدو‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقابلها‬ ‫ملا‬ ‫بوصة‬
)
Ps
.(
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12. Immersion
Compaction
Load
١٢
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13. ‫نسبة‬
‫تحمل‬
‫كاليفورنيا‬
)
)
)
)
CBR
CBR
CBR
CBR
(
(
(
(
١٣
٠.٥٠ ٠.٤ ٠.٣ ٠.٢ ٠.١ ‫اق‬:;‫الاخ‬‫مقدار‬
)
Inch
(
٢٦٠٠ ٢٣٠٠ ١٩٠٠ ١٥٠٠ ١٠٠٠ ‫اق‬:;‫الاخ‬ ‫حمل‬
)
PSI
(
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14. Example
Example
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Pent.inch
900
850
800
700
550
(SoilA), %
850
800
700
500
210
(SoilB), %
Find CBR for two soils:
Draw the charts for two soils
Soil A
Soil A: A
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CBR0.1 = (550/1000)*100 = 55%
CBR0.2 = (700/1500 )*100= 47%
Then CBR = 55%
Soil B:
Soil B:
CBR0.1 = (330/1000)*100 = 33%
CBR0.2 = (550/1500 )*100= 37%
Then Repeat the test to take the higher value
If it gives the same results
CBR = 37%
A
B

15. ‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬
‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬
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‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬
‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬