in this report we highlight the effect of pollution on enviroment and also give the medicine(precautions)

1. GROUP4 | BBA | TO: MAM RAMSHA
MEDICINE TO POLLUTION
REPORT ON CAUSE, EFFECT, AND MEDICINE OF POLLUTION

2. 1
Acknowledgement
The completion of the report could not have been possible without
the participation and assistance of so many people whose names
may not all be enumerated. Their contributions are sincerely
appreciated and gratefully acknowledged. However, the group
would like to express their deep appreciation and indebtedness
particularly, Miss Ramsha our instructor for the endless support,
kind and understanding spirit during case report.
To all friends and others who is one way or another shared their
moral support. Thank you.
Above all to the great almighty, the author of knowledge and
wisdom, of his countless love.
We thank you.
BBA 2ND
semester, group4

3. 2
content Page
Executive Summary.…………………………………………...………….................. 3
Introduction...........................................................................................4
Defination...............................................................................................5
DESCUSIONS:
Types of
pollution..................................................................................................8
Causes....................................................................................................12
Effects.....................................................................................................14
Medicine.................................................................................................17
Initiative by differentcountries.............................................................21
Different technologie...........................................................................23
RECOMMENDATION:
Public
awareness..............................................................................................25
Grow plants...........................................................................................26
Referenceses..........................................................................................28
Appendics..............................................................................................29

4. 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In this report “medicine to pollution”, medicine refers in as
prevention or solution from pollution. Our vision is to aware people
from pollution, its effects, causes, and how we can prevent ourselves
from pollution.
We try to figure out that why pollution produce, and what type of
effects left on our health and also on our environment.
We discuss different technologies that are used to clean pollution
from air, land and water etc. and the initiative taken by different
countries to overcome the pollution. The United Nations
Environment Programmed (UNEP) stimulates worldwide awareness
of the environment and enhances political attention and action
through World Environment Day, commemorated each year on 5th
June. The World Environment Day slogan for 2008 is “Kickthe
Habit.
We also need to give awareness about 3 magical “R”, reduce, reuse,
recycle. It really helps us to control pollution. and also need to grow
plants for the betterment of our environment.

5. 4
INTRODUTION
The purpose of this report is to aware people, from pollution its
types, cause, effects and its prevention. And how to reduce this.
Now a day there are different technologies to control the pollution.
And also to aware people from 3 magical” R” Reduce, reuse,
recycle.
In past, pollution was not a big issue. But in this generation
pollution spread as a virus in our environment and our health badly.

6. 5
Definition:
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural
environment that cause adverse change.it can take form of chemical
substances orenergy, such as noise, heat or light. Pollution may also
defined as, “the unfavorable alteration of our surrounding”. It
changes the quality of air, water and land which interferes with the
health of humans and other life on earth.
Pollution is a necessaryevil of all development. Due to lack of
development of a culture of pollution control, there has resulted a
heavy backlog of gaseous, liquid and solid pollution in environment.
It has to be cleaned. Pollution control is a recent environmental
concern. Pollution is a man-made problem, mainly of effluent
countries.
The developed countries have been exploiting every bit of natural
resource to convert them into goods for their comfort, and to export
them to needy developing world. In doing so, the industrialized
countries dump lot of materials in their environment which
becomes polluted. In one-way pollution has been “exported” to
developing countries and around the world
 Pollution are of different kinds depending on the nature of
pollutant
generation from different sources.

7. 6
What are pollutants?
Any substance which causes pollution is called a pollutant. A
Pollutant may thus include any chemical or geochemical(dust,
sediment, grit etc.) substance, biotic component or its product, or
physical factor (heat) that is released intentionally by man into the
environment in such a concentration that may have adverse harmful
or unpleasant effects.
A Pollutant has also been defined as “any solid, liquid or gaseous
substance present in such concentration as may be or tend to be
injurious to the environment.” Pollutants are the residues of things
we use and throw away. There are many sources of such pollutants.
The lakes and rivers are polluted by water from chemical and other
factories, and the air by gases of automobile exhausts, industries,
thermal power plants etc.
There has been a serious concern all over the world about the rivers
turning murky, fish rotting on sea shores, tree withering, cities
choking with foul air, toxic chemicals being cycled into food stuffs
and disease epidemics appearing so frequently.
Types of Pollutants:
The various principal pollutants which pollute air, water and
land are as follows:
(1) Deposited matter. Smoke, tar, dust, etc.
(2) Gases. Oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO,), Sulphur(SO,), carbon
monoxide, halogens, (chlorine, bromine, iodine)
(3) Acids droplets.Sulphuric acid, nitric acid etc.

8. 7
(4) Fluorides
(5) Metals. Mercury, lead, iron, zinc, nickel, tin, cadmium,
chromium etc.
(6) Agrochemicals.Biocides (like pesticides,herbicides,
fungicides,nematicides,bactericides,weedicidesetc.and
fertilizers.
(7) Complexorganic oxidants. Benzene, ether, acetic acid, Benz
pyrenes etc.
(8) Photochemicaloxidants. Photochemicalsmog,ozone,
peroxidase nitrate (PAN), peroxybenzoilnitrate, nitrogen oxides,
aldehydes, ethylene etc.
(9) Solid domestic wastes
(10) Radioactive waste

9. 8
Types of Pollution:
There are major four types of pollution, that are known as.
 Air pollution:
 Water pollution:
 Land pollution:
 Noise pollution:
Air pollution:
Air pollution is the introduction of particulates, biological
molecules,or other harmful materials into Earth's atmosphere,
causing diseases,death to humans, damage to other living
organisms such as animals and food crops,or the natural or built
environment.
Air pollution may come from anthropogenic or natural sources.
The atmosphere is a complexnatural gaseous system that is
essential to supportlife on planet Earth.

10. 9
Water pollution:
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies
(e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form
of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or
indirectly discharged into water bodies without
adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
Water pollution affects the entire biosphere – plants and organisms
living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is
damaging not only to individual species and population, but also to
the natural biological communities.
Think about it:
1.8 billion people around the world don't have access to safe water and 2.4
billion lack access to adequate sanitation. Women and children spend more than 4
hours walking for water each day, and more than 840,000 people die each year from
water-related diseases.

11. 10
Land pollution:
Land pollution is the degradation of earth land surface often cause
by human activities and their misuse of land resources.it occur
when waste is not dispose properly. Haphazard disposalof urban
and industrial waste, exploitation of minerals, and improper use of
soil by inadequate agriculturalpractices are a few factor.
Urbanization and industrialization are major cause of land
pollution.
The permeability of soil formations underlying a waste-disposal
site is of great importance with regard to land pollution. The
greater the permeability, the greater the risks from land pollution

12. 11
Noise pollution:
Noise pollution or noise disturbance is the disturbing or
excessive noise that may harm the activity or balance of human or
animal life. The source of mostoutdoor noise worldwide is mainly
caused
by machines and transportation systems,motor vehicles,aircraft,
and trains. Outdoor noise is summarized by the
word environmental noise. Poor urban planning may give rise to
noise pollution, since side-by-sideindustrial and residential
buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential areas.

13. 12
Causes of pollution
Cause of air pollution:
 Air pollution mainly cause by transportation, fuel combustion
in stationary sources, burning of fossil fuels like coal, wood,
dry gas, and construction activity.
 Motor vehicle produce high level of carbon monoxide, (CO)
and hydrocarbon(HC) and nitrogen oxide (NO).
 construction activity, bad roads and burning fossil fuels are
responsible for dust or air pollution.
 Residential and commercial activities also contribute in air
pollution.
Cause of water pollution:
 Sewage from domestic households, factories and commercial
buildings Sewage that is treated in water treatment plants is
often disposed into the sea.
 Dumpingsolid wastes and littering by humans in rivers,
lakes and oceans. Littering items include cardboard,
aluminum, plastic and glass.
 Industrial waste from factories, which use freshwaterto
carry waste from the plant into rivers, contaminates waters
with pollutants such as lead and petrochemicals.
 Oil Pollution caused by oil spills from tankers and oil from
ship travel. Oil does not dissolve in water and forms a thick
sludge.
 Burning fossil fuels into the air causes the formation of
acidic particles in the atmosphere. When these particles mix
with water vapor, the result is acid rain.

14. 13
Cause of land pollution:
 Deforestation: Land that is once converted into a dry or
barren land, can never be made fertile again, whatever the
magnitude of measures to redeem it are.
 Agricultural activities: Farmers often use highly toxic
fertilizers and pesticides to get rid off insects, fungi and
bacteria from their crops. However, with the overuse of these
chemicals, they result in contamination and poisoning of soil.
 Mining activities: During extraction and mining activities,
several land spaces are created beneath the surface.
 Sewage treatment: Large amount of solid waste is leftover
once the sewage has been treated. The leftover material is sent
to landfill site which end up in polluting the environment.
Cause of noise pollution:
 Industrialization: Most of the industries use big machines
which are capable of producing large amount of noise.
 Poor Urban Planning: In most of the developing countries,
poor urban planning also plays a vital role.
 Transportation: Large number of vehicles on roads, aero
planes flying over houses, underground trains produce heavy
noise.
 Construction Activities: Under construction activities like
mining, construction of bridges, dams, buildings, stations etc.
cause noise pollution.

15. 14
EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
Effects of Air pollution:
 The human health affects due to poor Air Quality.
 air pollution affects the body's respiratory system and the
cardiovascular system. Though the individual reactions to air
pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed
to, the degree of exposure.
 Air pollution may cause long term health problems.
 The health effects caused by air pollutants may range from
biochemical and physiological changes like difficulty in
breathing, wheezing, coughing and aggravation of existing
respiratory and cardiac conditions.

16. 15
Effects of water pollution:
water pollution is very harmful to humans, animals and water
life. The effects can be catastrophic, depending on the kind of
chemical, concentrations of the pollutants and where there
are polluted.
Many water bodies near urban areas (cities and towns) are
highly polluted. This is the result of both garbage dumped by
individuals and dangerous chemicals legally or illegally
dumped by manufacturing industries, health centers, schools
and market places.
 Death of aquatic (water) animals
The main problem caused by water pollution is that it kills
life that depends on these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs,
birds and sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often
wind up on beaches, killed by pollutants.
 Disruption of food-chains
Pollution disrupts thenatural food chain as well. Pollutants
such as lead and cadmium are eaten by tiny animals. Later,
these animals are consumed by fish and shellfish, and the
food chain continues to be disrupted at all higher levels.

17. 16
Effects of land pollution:
land pollution in relation to humans, animals, water and soils. The
effects are even worse if the garbage is not separated into organic,
reusable and recyclable waste.
Contaminated lands and environments can:
 Land pollution is the imbalance of nature, resulting
from the harm caused to the wildlife.
 Solid waste poses a health threat to people.
 Pesticides which cause land pollution can damage crops,
kill vegetation, and poison birds, animals, and fish.
 it effects the human respiratory system.
 It can effect human skin.
 Cause various kinds of cancers.
.
Effects of noise pollution:
 The immediate and acute effect of noise pollution to a person,
over a period of time, is impairment of hearing.
 Prolonged exposure to impulsive noise to a person will
damage their eardrum, which may result in a permanent
hearing impairment.
 Noise pollution can damage physiological and psychological
health.
 It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic
attacks.
 High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep disruption,
hearing loss, and productivityloss are the problems related to
noise pollution.

18. 17
Medicine to pollution
Medicine to air pollution:
 Compost your yard waste instead of burning it. Outdoor
burning is not advisable, as it pollutes air. Breathing this
smoke is bad for you, your family and your neighbors. Plus,
you can use the compost in your garden.
 Plant trees and encourage other to plant trees as well. Trees
absorb and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and
filter out air pollution. During warmer days, trees provide
cool air, unnecessaryuse of energy on air conditioning is
avoided, hence the air pollution.
 Keep your vehicle well maintained. A poorly maintained
engine both creates more air pollution and uses more fuel.
Replace oil and air filters regularly, and keep your tires
properly inflated.
 Be energy efficient. Most traditional sources of energy burn
fossil fuels, causing air pollution. Keep your home well-
maintained with weather-stripping, stormwindows, and
insulation.
 Drive less. Walking, bicycling, riding the bus, or working
from home can save you money as well as reducing air
pollution.

19. 18
Medicine to water pollution:
 Waste food material, paper,
decaying vegetables and
plastics should not be
thrown into open drains.
 use chemicals and pesticides
for your gardens and farms,
be mindful not to overuse
pesticides and fertilizers.
This will reduce runoffs of
the chemical into nearby
water sources. Start looking at options of composting and
using organic manure instead.
 Effluents from distilleries, and solid wastes containing
organic matter should be sent to biogas plants for generation
of energy.
 use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when not in
use. Also, you can reduce the amount of water you use in
washing and bathing. If we all do this, we can significantly
prevent water shortages and reduce the amount of dirty water
that needs treatment.
 Oil slicks should be skimmed off from the surface with
suction device. Sawdust may be spread over oil slicks to
absorb the oil components.
 Reduce the use of different chemical substance that we use to
clean our houses. because later this water included in clean
water.

20. 19
Medicine to land pollution:
 Intensive cropping and use of proper drainage canals.
 Terracing on the sloping fields. This retards the speed of the
flowing water.
 Planting trees and sowing grasses.
 Extensive afforestation practices to be carried out.
 Store all liquid chemical and waste in spill proof container.
 People should buy and use products that have been recycled.
For instance, plastic bags should be given up, instead, jute
bags should
be used.
Reusing old
items is
another good
way to
reduce the
stress on
various
resources.

21. 20
Medicine to noise pollution:
 Reducing noise pollution by muffling the sounds at the source
is one of the best methods in industry and for urban living.
 Protective
equipment is
generally
mandatory when
noise levels exceed
85 dB(A) in
industry.
 Creation of green
cover adjacent to
municipal roads
and in mines is the
way to mitigate
noise pollution.
 I Apart, redesigning industrial equipment, shock mounting
assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace are also for
reduction and exposure of unwanted industrialnoise.
 High way noise pollution can be mitigated by constructing
noise barriers.

22. 21
 Creation of green cover adjacent to municipal roads and in
mines is the way to mitigate noise pollution.
Initiatives by different countries to cope with
environmental problems:
The United Nations Environment Programmed (UNEP) stimulates
worldwide awareness of the environment and enhances political
attention and action through World Environment Day,
commemorated each year on 5th June. The World Environment Day
slogan for 2008 is “Kick the Habit! Towards a Low Carbon
Economy”. Recognizing that climate change is becoming the
defining issue of our era, UNEP is asking countries, companies, and
communities to focus on environmental problems and how to
reduce them. The World Environment Day will highlight resources
and initiatives that promote low carbon economies and lifestyles,
such as improved energy efficiency, alternative energy sources,
forest conservation, and eco-friendly consumption.

23. 22
(WHO) is also
initiating a campaign
against climate
change. In 2008,
World Health Day
focuses on the need to
protect health from
the adverse effects of
climate change. The
theme “Protecting
Health from Climate Change” puts health at the center of the global
dialog about climate change. WHO selected this theme in
recognition that climate change is posing ever-growing threats to
global public health safety?
it is now clear that initiatives to prevent climate change are started,
but most importantly these initiatives must be continuous,
sustainable, and every individual of all countries will need to
contribute to prevent climate change.

24. 23
Technologies Designed to medicate Pollution:
Some technologies are designed specifically for protecting the
environment while also improving business performance. For
example, recycling technologies can help recover valuable materials
from wastes, cutting manufacturing costs, while also preventing
pollution.
One important and fundamentalexception is P2 in chemical design.
Thousands of chemicals are used in industry, commerce, and daily
life. Many of them have environmental impacts, from mild to
serious. Traditional solvents such as acetone, xylene, and methylene
chloride are being replaced by new chemicals designed specifically
to be less hazardous or less polluting.
Dust collector
A dustcollector is a system used to enhance the quality of
air released from industrial and commercialprocesses by
collecting dust and other impurities from air or gas. Designed
to handle high-volume dust loads, a dust collectorsystem
consists of a blower, dust filter, a filter-cleaning system, and
a dust receptacle or dust removal system. It is distinguished
from air cleaners, which use disposable filters to remove dust
 USES
 Dust collectors are used in many processes to either
recover valuable granular solid or powder from process
streams, or to remove granular solid pollutants from
exhaust gases prior to venting to the atmosphere. Dust
collection is an online process for collecting any

25. 24
process-generated dust fromthe source point on a
continuous basis. Dust collectors may be of single unit
construction, or a collection of devices used to separate
particulate matter from the process air. They are often
used as an air pollution control device to maintain or
improve air quality.
 Mist collectors remove particulate matter in the form of
fine liquid droplets from the air. They are often used for
the collection of metal working fluids, and coolant or oil
mists. Mist collectors are often used to improve or
maintain the qualityof air in the workplace
environment.
Dissolved air flotation
Dissolvedair flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that
clarifies wastewaters (or other waters) by the removal of
suspended mattersuch as oil or solids.The removal is achieved
by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and
then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank
basin. The released air forms tiny bubbles which adhere to the
suspended mattercausing the suspended matter to float to the
surface of the water where it may then be removed by a skimming
device.
Dissolved air flotation is very widely used in treating the industrial
wastewater effluents from oil
refineries,petrochemical and chemical plants, natural gas
processing plants, paper mills, general water treatment and similar
industrial facilities. A very similar process known as inducedgas
flotation is also used for wastewater treatment. Froth flotation is
commonlyused in the processing of mineral ores.
In the oil industry, dissolved gas flotation (DGF)units do not use
air as the flotation medium due to the explosion risk. Nitrogen
gas is used instead to create the bubbles.

26. 25
Public awareness:
We just need to aware people
from 3 magical “R”. Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle. This little
initiative Help us a lot, to reduce
pollution from our environment.
The concept behind the first R,
reduce, is that you should limit
the number of purchases that you make in the first place. So, for
example, you might limit your household to a single computer.
reuse is to use an item again after it has been used. This includes
conventional reuse where the item is used again for the same
function, and creative reuse where it is used for a different function.
In contrast, recycling is the breaking down of the used item into raw
materials which are used to make new items. By taking useful
products and exchanging them, without reprocessing, reuse help
save time, money, energy, and resources. In broader economic
terms, reuse offers quality products topeople and organizations
with limited means, while generating jobs and business activitythat
contribute to the economy.
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into
reusable objects to prevent waste of potentially useful
materials.
There are some ISO standards related to recycling such as ISO for
plastics waste and environmental management control of recycling
practice.
Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal,
plastic, tires, textiles and electronics. The composting or other reuse
of biodegradable waste—suchas food or garden waste—is also
considered recycling.[2]
Materials to be recycled are either brought
to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted,

27. 26
cleaned and reprocessed into new materials destined for
manufacturing
Grow plants:
There is a big and strong
medicine for pollution is
plants. Plants are the best
remedy to pollution.
Plants absorb most of the
impurities from
environment. And keep
our weathercool, clean,
and green.
Trees clean the air
Trees absorb odors and
pollutant gases (nitrogen oxides, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and
ozone) and filter particulates out of the air by trapping them on
their leaves and bark.
Trees provide oxygen
In one year an acre of mature trees can provide enough oxygen for
18 people.
So take a promise to you, to grow at least one plant in a
month. For clean and healthy environment.

28. 27
References:
 www./http/.Maharashtra.com
 www./http/.eschool.com
 www./http/. wikipedia.com
 www./http/.img.com
 www./http/.epf.com
 www./http/.zepnet.com
 www./http/.pakgovt.org
 http://www.pollutionissues.com/Te-Un/Technology-Pollution-
Prevention.html#ixzz48k08Okd6

29. 28
Appendix
These steps should be taken to control pollution:
 Environmental Pollutants and HumanHealth
Implications: biogeochemical cycling
of contaminants in the environment and their toxic
effects, controlling toxic substances
towards a sustainable solution, risk and risk
assessment.
 Air Pollution and Control: sources, types of air
pollutants, effects of air pollution,
global air pollution issues:ozone depletion,
acid deposition, and global warming, air
pollution monitoring and control, air quality
management
 Contaminated Land and its Remediation: nature,
origins and environmental impact of
contaminated land, guidelines, legislation and policy
towards the methods employed in
contaminated land identification, remediation
and management.
 Water Pollution and Control strategies: surfaceand
ground water pollution, ocean
pollution, drinking water standards, water quality
monitoring and treatment, water quality
and human health, legislation and pollution
prevention and control.

30. 29
 Noise pollution: the nature and production of sound,
noise measurementand noise
indices, human responseand health risks of sound and
vibrations, legislative
procedures and control.
 Radiation Pollution: sources, exposurepathways and
biological effects of ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation, and methods of
radiation pollution monitoring and control.
 Environmental Sustainability: developing and
implementing sustainableethics,
economics environment and sustainability, the role of
government towards a
sustainableworld community.