Educational System.....

1. TOPIC:TOPIC:
The Educational
System

2. University of Sargodha Sub Campus Bhakkar
CreationCreation

3. 11) MEANING OF EDUCATION:) MEANING OF EDUCATION:
2) EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL PROCESS:2) EDUCATION AS A SOCIAL PROCESS:
3) SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION:3) SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION:
4) EDUCATION & SOCIAL CHANGE:4) EDUCATION & SOCIAL CHANGE:
5) EDUCATION & SOCIAL STRATIFICATION-SOCIAL MOBILITY5) EDUCATION & SOCIAL STRATIFICATION-SOCIAL MOBILITY
6) EDUCATION & SOCIAL STRATIFICATION6) EDUCATION & SOCIAL STRATIFICATION
7)EDUCATION& SOCIAL MOBILITY7)EDUCATION& SOCIAL MOBILITY
8) EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES:8) EQUALITY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES:

4. 1)1) Meaning of EducationMeaning of Education
 Education is one of the basic activities of people in all Human
societies. The term education is derived from the Latin
“Educare” which literally means to “bring up” & is connected
with the verb “Educare” which means to “bring forth”.
 According to Aristotelian conception the aim of Education is
to develop mans faculties, especially, His mind, so that he
maybe able to enjoy the contemplation of supreme truth,
goodness & beauty in which perfect happiness essentially
consists.

5. Definitions of eDucationDefinitions of eDucation
=> A.W. Green writes :
“Historically, it(Education) has meant the conscious
training of the young for the later adoption of adult
roles. By modern convention ,however, education has
come to formal training by specialists within formal
organization of the school”.
=> F.J. Brown & J.S. Roucek says that:
“The sum total of the experience which moulds the
attitudes & determines the conduct of both the child &
the adult”

6. 2) Education as a social process2) Education as a social process
 Education stands for deliberate instruction or training. Man does not
behave in society impulsively or instinctively. He behaves in a way according
to which he is trained. Some thinkers have equated it with socialization. A
few others regard education as an attempt to transmit the cultural norms of
the group to its younger members.
 It is also understood as a continuous effort on the part of the individuals to
acquire more and more knowledge. All these three interpretations of
education stress upon education as a process or a continuous entity. The
word process stresses continuity.
 Firstly, education, viewed as socialization, is continuous. Socialization is
social learning. This social learning is not intermittent but continuous.
Perfection in social learning is rarely achieved.
 Secondly, education, viewed as an agent of cultural transmission, is also
continuous. Culture is & growing whole. There can be no break in the
continuity of culture. If at all there is a break, it only indicates the end of a
particular human group. The cultural elements are passed on from
generation to generation

7. • Thirdly, education, implied as an attempt to acquire
knowledge, is also continuous. Knowledge is like an
ocean, boundless or limitless. No one has mastered it or
exhausted it. No one can claim to do so.
 There is a limit to the human genius or the human grasp of the
things. The moral man can hardly know anything and everything
about nature which is immoral. The universe is a miraculous
entity. The more one tries to know of it, the more it becomes
mysterious. Not only the Natural Universe but also the Social
Universe is complex.

8. 3) Social functions of Education3) Social functions of Education
1) To Complete the socialization process:
2) To Transmit the
central Heritage:
3) For the Formation of social personality:
4) Reformation of Attitude:
5) Education for Occupational placement:

9. 4. Education and Social Change4. Education and Social Change
The role of education as an agent or instrument
of social change and social development is widely
recognized today.
Social Change May Take Place:
When human needs change
When the existing social system or network of
social institution fail to meet the existing human
needs.
When new materials suggest batter ways of
meeting human needs.
Social changes do not take place
automatically or themselves.

10. According To MaclverAccording To Maclver
“As social change takes place as a response
to many types of changes that take place in
the social and non-social environment”.
There was a time when educational institutions and
teacher were engaged in transmitting a way of life
to the students. During those days education was
more a means of social control then an
instrument of social change.
Education to day has been chiefly
instrumental in preparing the way for
development science and technology.
Education has brought about phenomenal changes in
every aspect of man’s life.

11. 5.Education-Social5.Education-Social
Stratification & Social MobilityStratification & Social Mobility..
Social Stratification:
I. “It is a social deference between two
countries or group.” For example the
deference between the man and women.
Social Mobility:
I. “It mean changing in society.”
for example when the people leave their
own culture or group and they join and
other culture or group then some changing's
occur is known as social mobility.

12. Education As A Powerfull Correlate ofEducation As A Powerfull Correlate of
Social Stratification and Social MobilitySocial Stratification and Social Mobility..
 There or various correlates of social stratification and social
mobility. These correlate of different from society to society
depending upon the Laval of their economies and
technologically development.
 Education, occupation, income and wealth or the main
correlates.

13. 6.Education and Social Stratification6.Education and Social Stratification
 Education-as a criterion of social stratification:
In technologically advanced countries education has become the most
important criterion of social stratification. In Such societies occupation
is the determinant of income.
 The Complex the relationship between education and social
stratification.
Though education acts as a generator of upward mobility it don’t
invariably do that. Social stratification is stratification that affects
education primarily.
 Social Stratification Affecting Lower Level of Education.
Social Stratification affect lower levels of education especially in the
rural areas. It is found that generally students belonging to lower
background drop out of school in a large number. Even though
education is provided free and facilities or available to them.

16. 7.7.

20. Education as a Promoter of Upward Mobility:Education as a Promoter of Upward Mobility:
In the context of urban-industrial society education functions as a
promoter of upward mobility. In such societies occupation is the
principal channel of social mobility.
Peter Blau & Otis Duncan (1967), in their study of social mobility
in America they found the important factor affecting whether a son
moved to a higher social status then his father’s was the amount of
education the son received
 Lack of Educational Qualification restricts Social
Mobility:
In Development Nation People want to attain higher level of
education to equip them selves to obtain more jobs. What is
observed that people want to receive extra years of education
even if it is not necessary or some of jobs or occupations that they
are seeking for.

21. 8.Equality Of Educational Opportunities8.Equality Of Educational Opportunities
 It is an accepted working policy of all democratic nation to make
provision for equal opportunities. As Dr.Radhakrishnan had
appointed out long back “Democracy only provide that all men
should have equal of opportunities for the development of their
unequal talents.” The Pakistan’s constitution of 1973 guaranty that
the State shall not discriminate between persons on account of
their religion or region and caste or class.
 Every society that values social justice and is anxious to improve
the lot of the common man and cultivate of all available talent,
must insure progressive equality of opportunity to all section of
the population. This is only guaranty for the building up of an
egalitarian and human society by the which exploitation of the
week will be minimized

22. Need For Equalization of Educational OpportunitiesNeed For Equalization of Educational Opportunities
The equalization of educational opportunities is essentially linked with
equality nouns in the social system. The social system which
methods to provide equal opportunities for the advancement of all
has to make provision for equal educational opportunities also.
I. Equality of educational opportunities is needed for the
establishment of egalitarian society based on social
equality and justice.
II. It contributes to the search for talents among all the
people of a nation.
III. It is essential to ensure rapid advancement of a nation.
IV. It is needed for the successful functioning of a
democracy.
V. It helps to develop a closer link between manpower
needs of a society an the availability of the skilled
personal

23.  Problems Concerning Equality of Opportunities in EducationProblems Concerning Equality of Opportunities in Education
Inequalities of educational opportunity
occurs due to:
i. The Poverty of a large number of people.
ii. Poor children of rural areas are studying in poorly equipped
schools. They are unable to compete with the children urban
areas.
iii. In rural areas there is lack of educational institutions so the
students of these areas are not able to get education as compare
to students of urban areas.
iv. Education of backward classes including scheduled castes and
tribes and economically backward sections is not at par with that
of forward communities or classes.

24. Suggestions for Reorganizing Educational SystemSuggestions for Reorganizing Educational System
For Providing Equality of Educational opportunityFor Providing Equality of Educational opportunity
in Pakistanin Pakistan
The government of Pakistan has been striving to achieve the target of
providing equal educational opportunities to all the people. Some
suggestions could be cited in this regard. These suggestions may
be of some help in reaching the target.
i. By Following a “policy of protective discrimination” all efforts
must be made to increase the opportunities of education to all
weaker sections of the society like scheduled castes, backward
communities and even women.
ii. Honest attempts to made to provide compulsory education to
all the children at least up to 14 years.
iii. The higher educational chances should be extended.
iv. Education should be free, free textbooks, transport facilities,
scholarships.

25. 9) Education And Modernisation9) Education And Modernisation
Education has become today as essential aspect of the modern industrial
society. All the nations of the world are investing huge amount of
money on education for it has become an essential condition of
advancement.
For the betterment of all the fields of life in world like science,
technology and industry Education is most important for all of these.
 Heavy Study Material:
Modern education includes heavy study material on modern
science and technology into the syllabus. Due to this
inclusion courses of study on classical language and
literature had to be altogether dropped. This has
prevented the modern learners from knowing their own
past traditions and culture heritage.

26. Values Losing Their Importance:Values Losing Their Importance:
Due to the impact of modern sciences and technology many of the
cherished values of the past have lost their previous importance.
There is no attempts to persuade people of the younger
generation to accept these values uncritically. At the same time
new values have not been developed to occupy the place of the
old ones.
 The Dangerous Face of Science And Technology:
Science and technology are growing today at a fast rate. Modern
education has accelerated this growth. The uncontrolled growth of
technology an the directionless development in science have today
added much to human tension, anxiety and misery.