4. Ringworm in camels
1-
This skin disease mainly affects camels less than 3 years
old, peaking between 3 and 12 months.
As many as 80% of young camels in a herd may be
affected.
It usually heals by itself.
هو
مرض
فطري
جلدي
يصيب
بشكل
أساسي
صغار
االبل
(
أقل
من
3
سنوات
)
حيث
يبدو
أن
كبار
االبل
تمتلك
مناعة
القراع
يسبب
تساقطا
للشعر
وقشور
وبثور
في
مناطق
عديدة
من
جلد
الحيوان
ك
الرقبة
و
االكتاف
واالطراف
.
6. Cause
The main cause of ringworm in camels is:
T. verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes
T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes, T. schoenleinii. T.
sakisovii, T. T. dankaliense.
M.gypseum and M. canis were the dermatophytes reported
as causes of ringworm in dromedary camels.
8. المرض أشكال
Fungal infections are more common during the cooler
months, and three clinical forms have been described:
superficial, follicular and generalized.
The latter form is associated with loss of body condition
and rather severe skin lesions, which are sometimes
purulent.
ثالثة
أشكال
السريرية
وصف
:
سطحي
وجريبي
ومعمم
.
الشكل
األخير
مرتبط
بفقدان
حالة
الجسم
واآلفات
الجلدية
الحادة
،
والتي
تكون
قي
حية
في
بعض
األحيان
.
10. Epidemiology
العدوى انتقال طرق
The infection is spread primarily through direct contact
between animals, with clinically infected animals being the
greatest source of infection.
The spores of ringworm fungi survive many months and in
some cases years in the farm environment and may be
transmitted either by fomites (brushes, gates, feed carts…)
تعيش
جراثيم
فطريات
القوباء
الحلقية
عدة
أشهر
وفي
بعض
الحاالت
سنوات
في
بيئة
المزرعة
ويمكن
أن
تنتقل
إما
عن
طريق
شَرُفال
(
الفرشاة
والبوابات
وعربات
العل
ف
12. Factors that influence susceptibility of an
animal to dermatophyte
1
- Age of the animal:
Animal less than 1 year of age are at greater risk for
dermatomycosis.
2-Older animals:
with decreased immune function also may be at increased
risk for generalized
3-Poor nutrition, concurrent disease, previous use of
immunosuppressive drugs.
13. Factors that influence susceptibility of an
animal to dermatophyte
4-Environmental factors may play a role, since the
prevalence of the disease is increased in hot, humid
climates.
Calves kept indoors or exposed to foggy weather with little
or no sunlight have an increased incidence.
24. Camel Contagious Eczema(Orfe)
االبل فى المعدى االكزيما مرض
❖ Is a viral disease of camels is
caused by a Para-poxvirus
(PPV) ينتمى معدي فيروسى مرض
الجدري عائلة الى
❖ The clinical signs are
proliferative skin lesions,
papules, scabs on the lips and
nares. و بثرات بظهور تبدأ االعراض
واالنف الشفتين على مائية وحويصالت
26. Clinical signs in calves
Grey-white areas of skin with an ash like surface
Usually circular in outline and slightly raised
Size of lesions very variable, can become very extensive
In calves most commonly found around eyes, on ears and
on back, in adult cattle chest and legs more common.
الرماد يشبه سطح مع واألبيض الرمادي اللون ذات الجلد مناطق
قليال ومرتفعة العريضة الخطوط في دائرية تكون ما عادة
للغاية النطاق واسع يصبح أن يمكن ، للغاية متغير اآلفات حجم
الماش صدر وفي والظهر واألذنين العينين حول الموجودة العجول في اشيوع أكثر
ية
اشيوع أكثر والساقين البالغة
.
38. والقطط الكالب فى االعراض
Clinical signs can include any combination of hair loss,
scaling, crusting, erythema, papules, hyperpigmentation,
and variable pruritus. Nodular lesions (kerion) reactions can
develop in dogs.
Cats can also develop exudative paronychia.
Pustular dermatophytosis can mimic clinical signs of
dermatophytosis.
41. Hair loss, puppy
Note the multifocal
areas of hair loss,
scaling and crusting.
The two major
differential diagnoses in
this puppy would be
dermatophytosis and
demodicosis.
42. Hair loss, cat
Note the areas of hair
loss on the face of this
cat.
This is a common
clinical presentation of
dermatophytosis.
48. 1-WOOD'S LAMP EXAMINATION
بنفسجية الفوق االشعة لمبة استخدام
A Wood's lamp is a light that uses long wave ultraviolet
light. When an area of scalp that is infected is viewed under
a Wood's light, the fungus may glow.
This test may be done to detect the presence of a fungal
scalp or skin infection.
مصباح
Wood
هو
ضوء
يستخدم
موجة
طويلة
من
الضوء
فوق
البنفسجي
.
عندما
يتم
عرض
منطقة
مصابة
(
بالقوباء
الحلقية
)
تحت
ضوء
وود
،
فقد
يتوهج
ا
لفطر
.
تتألق
بعض
الفطريات
وبعض
البكتيريا
بشكل
طبيعي
تحت
األشعة
فوق
الب
نفسجية
.
49. WOOD'S LAMP EXAMINATION
Wood’s lamp examinations are very useful to find lesions
that would otherwise be missed on examination in room
light alone.
Wood’s lamps can also be used to help locate hairs for
direct examination.
تعد
فحوصات
المصباح
التي
أجراها
وود
مفيدة
اجد
للعثور
على
اآلفات
التي
قد
ي
تم
تفويتها
عند
الفحص
في
ضوء
الغرفة
وحده
.
يمكن
اأيض
استخدام
مصابيح
Wood
للمساعدة
في
تحديد
مكان
الشعر
للفحص
المباشر
.
50. Wood’s Lamp (Courtesy of
Stephanie Peters)
Positive fluorescence in
feline dermatophytosis
(Courtesy of Stephanie
Peters)
51.
52. Circumscribed lesions on
the shoulder
, areas of round shaped
alopecia with erythema,
scaling.
Positive Wood’s lamp
examination – apple green
glow associated with the
root of each hair
56. Tinea capitis caused by Microsporum canis, with blue-greenish
fluorescence in scaly areas and parasitized follicles under WL
57. 2- Sample collection
Cotton swabs, soaked in 70% ethanol, were used to clean
the infected area.
Lesions were scrapped using a sterile scalpel and
specimens were collected in sterile petri-dishes.
1
-
جمع
العينات
:
تم
استخدام
مسحات
قطنية
منقوعة
في
70
٪
من
اإليثانول
لتنظيف
المنطقة
المصابة
.
يتم
التخلص
من
اآلفات
باستخدام
مشرط
معقم
وتم
جمع
العينات
في
أطباق
بتري
معقمة
.
58. 3-Laboratory tests
A-Direct microscopy:
Microscopic examination reveals the constituents of the
fungi on the skin and hair fragments
B-Culture:
Culture mediums are :
Sabouraud’s agar, mycobiotic agar and dermatophyte test
medium (DTM).
In order to arrive at a conclusive answer culture time may
need to be extended for as long as three weeks.
59. Normal hair and an M
canis-infected hair
This is a 40X image of a
normal hair (thin arrow)
and a an infected hair
(thick arrow). Note the
cuffs of spores on the
outside of the hair shaft.
Animal dermatophytes
show these cuffs or
ectothrix spores.
61. Main Line of Treatment
1- Topical antifungal treatment
2- Systemic antifungal treatment
3- Vitamin A&D
4-Immunostimulant
62. الموضعى للعالج بالنسبة مهمة مالحظات
Wash the patches with soap and water to remove the
crusts.
the crusts should be removed by scraping or brushing.
They should be collected and burned to avoid
contaminating the premises.
Lesions should be treated at least twice, three to five days
apart.
63. الموضعى للعالج أمثلة
Topical treatments that may be effective for limited lesions
or selective treatment of a few animals include:
R/Apply iodine solution or a 50:50 tincture of iodine–glycerin
mixture.
Repeat every 2 days until the patches disappear.
R/Lime sulphur (2%)preparations
64. الموضعى للعالج امثلة تابع
R/Miconazole or clotrimazole or terbinafine cream once or
twice daily;( not approved for use in dairy cattle).
R/Spray with enilconazole 0.2% (Imaverol) 2–3 times at 3-day
intervals.
every 5–7 days for a minimum of 4 weeks or until beyond
resolution of lesions
R/Apply a topical antimycotic agent such as Mycostatin
65. 2- Systemic Treatment
1.Griseofulvin 20 to 60 mg/kg orally for 7 or more days.
(Griseofulvin is not approved for use in cattle& camel)
2-Sodium iodide 20% solution:
R/ 150 cc per 450 kg intravenously (IV), repeated in 3 to 4
days
3.Vitamins A and D:
Only indicated if animals have been kept completely out of
sunlight; efficacy not proven
67. والكالب القطط فى العالج
1- Systemic treatment:
Cats can be treated with itraconazole (5 mg/kg, PO, once
daily on a week on/week off schedule). Most infections are
resolved after 3 or 4 cycles.
Small dogs can be treated with oral itraconazole (5 mg/kg,
once daily); pulse therapy is likely to be effective, but this
has not been documented.
Other dogs can be treated with ketoconazole (5 mg/kg,
once daily) or terbinafine (30–40 mg/kg, once daily).
68. والكالب القطط فى العالج
2- Topical treatment:
A whole body rinse (lime sulfur 1:16 or enilconazole 1:100)
should be used twice a week; these products have residual
activity.
Shampoo containing 2% chlorhexidine and 2% miconazole
is effective and may be the only option in countries where
lime sulfur or enilconazole is not available; shampoo
therapy has no residual activity.
Even if systemic therapy is stopped, topical therapy
should be continued until a mycologic cure is
demonstrated.
72. للعالج بالنسبة مهمة مالحظات
Infection is usually self-limiting, with spontaneous
remission occurring in 1 to 3 months in healthy animals;
however, the risk of contagion and zoonosis often prompt
treatment to hasten resolution.
إلى شهر غضون في تلقائية مغفرة حدوث مع ، الشفاء ذاتية العدوى تكون ما عادة
ثالثة
المن الحيوانية واألمراض العدوى خطر فإن ، ذلك ومع ؛ السليمة الحيوانات في أشهر
شأ
الحل لتسريع العالج إلى يدفع ما اغالب
.
73. العجول مزارع فى العالج اثناء عقبات
Treatment of ringworm in cattle faces two major obstacles:
The difficulty of eliminating the organism from the
environment.
The number of animals that need to be treated.
يواجه
عالج
السعفة
في
الماشية
عقبتين
رئيسيتين
:
صعوبة
القضاء
على
الكائن
الحي
من
البيئة
.
عدد
الحيوانات
المراد
عالجها
.
74. العجول مزارع فى العالج اثناء عقبات
Only one product is available containing Enilconazole.
A member of the conazole family
Needs 2 or 3 weekly applications
Kills the surface infection but not very sporicidal
Applied as an emulsified wash
Penetrates into hair follicles, but unable to do so if a lot of
surface encrustation exists that prevents soaking of the
deep follicles.
