Some information about computer. its input device and output devices. Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as an input from the user and processes it under the control of a set of instructions (called program), produces a result (output), and saves it for future use. In computing, an input device is a piece of equipment used to provide data and control signals to an information processing system such as a computer or information appliance. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, scanners, cameras, joysticks, and microphones. An output device is any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human-readable form. It can be text, graphics, tactile, audio, and video. Some of the output devices are Visual Display Units i.e. a Monitor, Printer, Graphic Output devices, Plotters, Speakers etc.

1. Computer Fundamentals
Prepared by : Mohammed
Supervisor :
Soran University
Faculty Of Science
Computer Department

2. Computer System Components
• Input
• Keyboard, Mouse,
Camera, Touch Pad
• Processing
• CPU
• Output
• Monitor, Printer
• Storage
• Floppy, Hard Drive,
CD, DVD, Flash Drive

3. Generations
Gen. Hardware Software
1st Vacuum Tubes machine language
2nd Transistors Assembly language
3rd Integrated Chip
(IC)
Higher level
languages,
Application Programs
4th
VLSI
(Very Large Scale
ICs)
Object oriented
programming, natural
language processing

4. The Binary System
Bits – Binary digits, or 0,1.
Bytes (8 bits) – ASCII, EBCDIC
One byte is the space needed to store one character, like
the letter “A”.
Kilobyte (KB) – 1000 (actually, 1024)
Megabyte (MB) – 1,000,000
Gigabyte (GB) – 1,000,000,000
Terabyte (TB) – 1,000,000,000,000

5. Processing – CPU components
Control Unit
Clock cycle regulates all operations
Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU)
Add Gates – Half adder, full adder
AND/OR/NOT gates
Memory
RAM –
Static
Dynamic
ROM

6. Input Devices
Keyboard
Mouse
Microphone
Webcam
Touch Screen

7. Some types of Input Devices:
 Keyboard:
It is the most common and very
popular input data to the computer.
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8. Mouse:
It is basically a pointing device which
works on the principle of point and click.
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9. Game-pad:
It is a type of game controller held in
two hands, where the fingers
(especially thumbs) are used to
provide input by pressing buttons on
it.
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10. Output Devices
Monitor
Printer
Speaker
Headphones
Projector (Data show)

11. Storage
 Hard Drive
 1 Terabyte and upwards today
 As low as 256 KB less than 30 years
ago.
(that is more than a million times
greater capacity today!)
 CD-ROM
 600-700 MB
 DVD-ROM
 4 GB - Red Laser,
 27 GB- Blue Laser
 Flash Drives
 From 4 GB up to 100+ GB, including
high end of 1 TB.

12. Memory
• Random Access Memory
• It is also called as read write memory or the main memory
or the primary memory.
• It is a volatile memory as the data loses when the power is
turned off.
• Read Only Memory
• Stores crucial information essential to operate the system,
like the program essential to boot the computer.
• It is not volatile.
• Always retains its data.

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