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lec#10,11.pptx
1. What is the basic definition of memory?
Memory is the process of taking in information from the world
around us, processing it, storing it, and later recalling that
information
Definitions According to Eigen –
“Memory is the ability of a person to collect the first learning
process or experience as information. It reproduces this
information in response to specific stimuli.”
Definition According to Bruno –
“Memory is a psychological process that involves the coding,
storage, and modification of information.”
“Memory is a perfect repetition.”
2. • Encoding: It is the process of
perceiving information that has
been identified by the human
brain through senses and putting
one’s thoughts and perception and
combining it with already existing
memories. In simple words, it is
the identification and comparison
of certain events with already
perceived knowledge.
• Storage: as the term indicates, it is
the process of storage of the newly
perceived information in the brain
which could be stored for the long
term.
• Retrieval: When one says retrieval
of memory, it means that, the
recalling of already stored
information and using it for the
current event or situation.
3.
4.
5.
6. Short-Term Memory
• This type of memory is also called working memory because working memory is
more useful for the information we receive, use it quickly, then discard it. For
example, a person’s name, phone number, or list of items you are about to buy from
the market are stored in your short-term working memory as long as you use it.
That is, for work time.
• Short-term memory lasts only a few seconds to minutes. It then stores the
information temporarily and then either erases it or transfers it to long-term
memory.
7. Long term memory
• Our long-term memories are more complex than short-term memories. Anything
that happened more than a few minutes ago will be stored in long-term memory.
Depending on how often we remember or use a certain amount of information, the
strength of memory varies.
Long-term memory is divided into two parts. – explicit memories and implicit
memories
I. Explicit Memory
Explicit memories are a type of long-term memory that you remember after
consciously thinking about it. For example, the name of your childhood dog or the
phone number of your best friend’s house!
8. II. Implicit Memory
• This memory is the second major type of long-term memory. This includes memories
that you do not need to recall consciously. For example, riding a bike or car and
speaking a language. Even though it requires a lot of conscious thought to learn, at
some point, it becomes implies that you can now do it automatically.
