1. Kapitel 02
Independent characters (1)
Pictograms

2. Independent characters and combined characters
• Chinese characters can be divided into two categories:
independent characters and combined characters.
• Independent characters can subdivided into two kinds:
pictograms and indicative characters，and combined
characters can be subdivided into two kinds: associated
characters and pictophonograms.

3. Chinese characters
hàn zì
汉 字
combined character
hé tǐ zì
合 体 字
independent characters
dú tǐ zì
独 体 字
Pictograms
xiàng xíng zì
象 形 字
indicative characters
zhǐ shì zì
指 事 字
associated characters
huì yì zì
会 意 字
Pictophonograms
xíng shēng zì
形 声 字

4. xiàng xíng
Pictograms (象 形 )

5. • Pictograms represent in stylized form the
things they refer to (such as animals, a person,
or objects, etc.)
• Only 5% of all Chinese characters belong to
the pictographic kind - stylized drawings of the
objects they represent.
• They are of crucial importance to the mastery
of the structure of Chinese characters.

6. rén
人 people, person

7. fū
夫 man, husband

8. fù
父 father

9. zǐ
子 child，baby

10. nǚ
女 woman, girl

11. mǔ
母 mother

12. kǒu
口 mouth

13. shēn
身 body

14. mù
目 eye

15. ěr
耳 ear

16. shǒu
手 hand

17. zú
足 foot

18. zhǎo
爪 claw

19. xīn
心 heart

20. rì
日 sun

21. yuè
月 moon

22. huǒ
火 fire

23. jǐng
井 well

24. shān
山 mountain

25. shí
石 stone, rock

26. shuǐ
水 stone, rock

27. yǔ
雨 rain

28. tián
田 field, farm

29. zhōu
舟 boat

30. chē
车 cart ,vehicle

31. dāo
刀 knife, sword

32. yī
衣 clothes

33. gōng
弓 bow

34. gé
革 leather

35. mén
门 door, gate

36. mù
木 tree, wood

37. hé
禾 grain

38. guǒ
果 fruit

39. shí
食 food

40. niú
牛 ox, bull

41. yáng
羊 sheep, goat

42. yú
鱼 fish

43. bèi
贝 shell

44. chóng
虫 worm, insect

45. mǎ
马 horse

46. niǎo
鸟 bird

47. Takk for i
dag!