1. Transfer of Knowledge:
Far Transfer
Attika Yuli Indriyani :: Hafidzah Abdul Aziz :: Miss Salak Tapsen

2. Knowledge Management
! “Knowledge Management” is a systematic approach to
create, find, capture, understand, use and transfer
knowledge important to the organization’s operation,
mission and vision.
Sources: http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/ohr/training/KTMToolkit/KTM_Toolkit.pdf

3. Types of Knowledge
! Tacit Knowledge - this knowledge in their heads on a
subconscious level and may not communicate it often. It is
considered valuable knowledge as it may provide context for
experiences, ideas, people and places.
! Explicit Knowledge - Easy to capture and store in databases
and documents (e.g. policies, procedures, and manuals).
v Structured – Informational elements are organized for
future retrieval (e.g. databases and spreadsheets).
v Unstructured – Information is not referenced for
retrieval (e.g. e-mails, images, and audio/video
selections).
Sources: http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/ohr/training/KTMToolkit/KTM_Toolkit.pdf

4. Knowledge Transfer
! “Knowledge Transfer” is the process to extract and
transfer tacit knowledge and/or facilitate learning
explicit knowledge.
! The knowledge must both be learned and usable in a
relevant context; and if both conditions do not exist,
the knowledge has not been transferred.
Sources: http://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/ohr/training/KTMToolkit/KTM_Toolkit.pdf

5. Kind of Knowledge Transfer
! Nancy distinguishes between 5 kinds of Knowledge
Transfer:
v Serial Transfer
v Near Transfer
v Far Transfer
v Strategic Transfer
v Expert Transfer
Nancy Dixon’s classic book
on Knowledge Transfer,
Common Knowledge: How
Companies Thrive by Sharing
What They Know

6. Transfer Learning: Near & Far
! Transfer of learning can be divided into two categories,
Near and Far (Cree, Macaulay, 2000).
! Interventions for transferring knowledge depend on
the way the knowledge is going to be used.
² If the knowledge is going to be used to handle
novel situations, it is referred to a “far” transfer.
² When the knowledge is applied to a routine
situation the type of transfer is called a “near”
transfer.
References:
Cree, V. E., Macaulay, C. (2000). Transfer of Learning In Professional and Vocational Education. Routledge, London: Psychology Press.

7. Far Transfer
! Far transfer tasks involve skills and knowledge being
applied in situations that change.
! Far transfer tasks require instruction where learners
are trained to adapt guidelines to changing situations
or environments. Although this type of training is
more difficult to instruct (transfer of learning is less
likely), it does allow the learner to adapt to new
situations.
! Far Transfer is a tacit knowledge a team has gained
doing nonroutine tasks is transferred to other teams
doing similar work in other parts of the organization

8. Advantages & Disadvantages
! One of the benefits of far transfer is that once the skills
and knowledge are acquired, the learner is able to make
judgments and adapt to different situations.
! The disadvantage of far transfer is that far transfer
skills and knowledge are more difficult to instruct and
transfer of learning is therefore less likely (Clark,
1999) .
! Far knowledge is more costly to transfer than near
knowledge for it requires higher degree of
conceptualization and longer period of experience.

9. ! Far transfer occurs when knowledge is successfully used
for solving novel problems such as learning the
principles of Knowledge Economics and applying that
knowledge to highly novel problems.
For example, India and the
Knowledge Economy assesses
India’s progress in becoming a
knowledge economy and suggests
actions to strengthen the economic
and institutional regime, develop
educated and skilled workers,
create an efficient innovation
system, and build a dynamic
information infrastructure.

10. ! This is an example of far transfer. A person who
learned the principles of wind flow to design a
windmill can transfer that knowledge to direct the sail
on a sailboat.