All birds are in the Animalia Kingdom, Phylum of Chordata (with a backbone), and Class Aves (birds). At the Order level, the birds begin to diverge. For instance, the pelicans are in the Pelecaniformes Order while the nuthatches are in the Passeriformes Order.

1. Group: B
PowerPoint Presentation on the Classification of Aves
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2. A taxonomic group (class) of
vertebrates, also known commonly
as birds, whose distinguishing
characteristics include feathers,
endothermic and the production
of amniotic eggs. Birds evolved
from reptiles during the Mesozoic
Era about 150 million years ago. It
is a large group. About 9,000
living species of birds are known at
present 25 to 30 avian orders are
recognized depending on the
taxonomist.

3. Fig. Measurements and identification keys for a birds

4. General characteristics of Aves
 Birds are worm-blooded vertebrates with an exoskeleton of feathers.
 The fore limbs are modified into wings while the hind limbs are used as walking
leg, perching or swimming.
 Four toes are present at hind limbs.
 Modern birds have no teeth.
 A horny beak is present.
 Oviparous and fertilization is internal.
 Heart is four chambered.
 Larynx is without vocal cord.
 No skin gland except the oil gland on the tail.
 Parental care is highly developed.

5. Outlineof Classificationof Aves
Sub Class 1. Archaeornithes Sub Class 2. Neornithes
Super Order 1. Odentognathae
Order 1.
Hesperornithiformes
Order 2.
Ichthyornitheformes
Super Order 2. Neognathae
Order 02. Rheiformes
Order 01. Tinamiformes
Order 04. Casuariiformes
Order 03. Struthioniformes
Order 05. Aepyornithiformes
Order 06. Dinornithiformes
Order 07. Podicipediformes
Order 08. Sphenisciformes
Order 09. Procellariiformes
Order 10. Pelecaniformes
Order 11. Anseriformes
Order 12. Ciconiiformes
Order 13. Fakoniformes
Order 14. Galliformes
Order 15. Gruiformes
Order 16. Charadriiformes
Order 17. Gaviiformes
Order 18. Columbiformes
Order 19. Psittaciformes
Order 20. Cuculiformes
Order 21. Strigiformes
Order 22. Caprimulgiformes
Order 23. Apodiformes
Order 24. Coliiformes
Order 25. Trogoniformes
Order 26. Caraciiformes
Order 27. Piciformes
Order 28. Passeriformes
Class. Aves

6. Subclass (1): Archaeornithes
 Both jaws with teeth in sockets.
 Wing broadly feathered.
 Pygostyle was absent.
 Tail long with more than 13 caudal vertebrae bearing
retraces arranged in two lateral rows.
 Three fingers and metacarpals were free, each with a
claw.
Example: Archaeopteryx

7. Subclass (2): Neornithes
 Tail is usually short, ends in a Pygostyle.
 Teeth are absent except in a few form.
 Claws are absent in the fore limbs.
 Vertebrae are heterocoelous in living forms.
 Caudal vertebrae are 13 or less.
Example: Hesperornis

8. Super order(1): Odontognathae
 Extinct cretaceous birds.
 Teeth present in furrows on jaws.

9. Order(1): Hesperornithiformes
 Clavicle is not fused.
 Sternum lacks keel.
 Teeth are present in both jaws.
 Wing of vestigial humerous only.
Example: Hesperornis

10. Order(2): Ichthyornithiformes
 Clavicles is fused.
 Sternum keeled.
 Wing well developed.
 Jaws are toothed.
Example: Ichthyornis

11. Super order(2): Neognathae
 Modern, usually flying.
 Teeth are entirely absent.
 Wings are well developed.
 Pygostyle present.
 Tail vertebrae are 5 or 6.

12. Order(1): Tinamiformes
 Wings short, rounded and functional.
 Sternum keeled.
 Tail is very short.
 Eggshells with high gloss.
Example: Tinamous
LN: gwj gyiMx

13. Order(2): Rheiformes
 Flightless, terrestrial birds.
 Wings are reduced.
 Coracoid and scapula is small.
 Sternum unkeeled.
Example: Rhea americana
CN: Common Rhea

14. Order(3): Struthioniformes
 Flightless walking birds.
 Wings are reduced.
 Coracoid and scapula small.
 Pygostyle is very small.
Example: Struthio camelus
CN: Emu
LN: Ggy

15. Order(3): Casuariiformes
 Flightless, wings reduced.
 Three front toes on each foot.
 Neck and body densely feathered.
 Pygostyle is very small.
Example: Dromaeus
CN: Casuaris
LN: A‡÷ªwjqvb Ggy

16. Order(5): Aepyornithiformes
 Elephant birds.
 Flightless terrestrial.
 Sternum short, broad and
unkeeled.
 Wings vestigial.
Example: Aepyornis

17. Order(6): Dinornithiformes
 Flightless, terrestrial birds.
 Sternum reduced and unkeeled.
 Hind limbs massive, 3 or 4 toes.
 Feather with large aftershaft.
Example: Diornis

18. Order(7): Podicipediformes
 Tail a tuft of downy feathers.
 Legs far back on body.
 Patella large.
 Feet are lobed.
Example: Podiceps
CN: Great Crested Grebe
LN: eo Wzeyix

19. Order(8): Sphenisciformes
 Forelimbs are paddle like.
 Bones are much compressed.
 Feathers are small, scale like,
dense over entire body.
 Thick layers of fat under skin.
Example: Aptenodytes
CN: Penguine
LN: ‡c½yBb

20. Order(9): Procellariiformes
 Nostril tubular.
 Horny sheath of bill compounded of
several plates.
 Large nasal salt gland.
 Hind toe vestigial.
Example: Oceanodroma castro
CN: Band - rumped Storm Petrel

21. Order(10): Pelecaniformes
 Includes pelicans, cormorants, boobies,
gannets.
 All 4 toes include in foot web.
 Nostril vestigial or absent.
 Slender bodies with small pouch.
Example: Pelicanus
CN: Great White Pelican
LN: MMbevi

22. Order(11): Anseriformes
 Bill broadened, covered with soft cornified
epidermis containing numerous tactile nerve.
 Tongue fleshy.
 Legs short.
 Feet webbed.
Example: Dendrocygna
CN: Fulvous-Whistling Duck
LN: mivjx

23. Order(12): Ciconiiformes
 Long necked and long legged
wading birds.
 Little or no web between toes.
 Bare areas on head.
 Snake like neck.
Example: Metopidius
CN: Bronze Winged Jacana
LN: Rj wcwc

24. Order(13): Falconiformes
 Bill stout, hooked at tip with soft
naked skin at base.
 Mandibles sharp edged.
 Sharp curved claws are present.
 Feet usually with talons adapted
for grasping.
Example: Falco
CN: Peregrine Falcon
LN: e‡nix evR

25. Order(14): Galliformes
 Bill shorts.
 Feathers with aftershafts.
 Feet usually adapted for scratching.
 Short and powerful flight.
Example: Gallus gallus
CN: Red Jungle Fowl
LN: eb ‡gviM

26. Order(15): Gruiformes
 Feathers with aftershafts.
 Large size and strong flight.
 Crane like wading birds.
 Long legs and partially webbed feet.
Example: Fulica atra
CN: Common Coot
LN: iv‡gi †Kviv

27. Order(16): Charadriiformes
 Long wading legs.
 Webbed toes.
 Mudprobing beaks.
 Plumage dense and firm.
Example: Vanellus
CN: Red-wattled Lapwing,
Yellow-wattled Lapwing
LN: jvjjwZKv nU-wU-wU

28. Order(17): Gaviiformes
 Legs short.
 Toes fully webbed.
 Patella reduced.
 Tail of 18 to 20 short stiff feathers.
Example: Gavia
CN: Common Loon

29. Order(18): Columbiformes
 Usually short and slender.
 With thick soft skin at base.
 Tarsus usually shorter than toes.
 Eggs unmarked, usually white, young
naked, worldwide.
Example: Treron, Streptopelia
CN: yellow footed Green Pigeon,
Spotted dove
LN: ‡jvbv nvwoqvj, wZjv NyNy

30. Order(19): Psittacifoemes
 Beak stout, narrow, sharp edged and
hooked at tip.
 Upper mandible highly movable on
frontal bone of skull.
 Bill with soft cere.
 Toes 2 in front and 2 in behind.
Example: Psittacula
CN: Rose-ring parakeet
LN: wUqv

31. Order(20): Cuculiformes
 Toes 2 in front and 2 in behind.
 Outer hind toe reversible.
 Tail long.
 Bill moderate.
Example: Eudynamys
CN: Asian koel
LN: ‡KvwKjv, ‡KvwKj

32. Order(21): Strigiformes
 Head large and rounded.
 Eyes large and directed forward.
 Each in a disk of radial feathers.
 Ear opening large.
Example: Tyto, Athene
CN: Barn Owl, Spotted Owlet
LN: j²x†cuPv,Lyiæjx†cuPv

33. Order(22): Caprimulgiformes
 Beak small and delicate.
 Mouth wide and margined.
 Long bristle like feathers.
 Legs and feet small and weak.
Example: Caprimulgus
CN: Large-tailed Nightjar
LN: ivZPiv

34. Order(23): Apodiformes
 Size usually small.
 Legs very short and feet very small.
 Wings pointed.
 Beak small and weak.
Example: Cypsirus
CN: Asian Palm Swifts
LN: bvK KvwU

35. Order(24): Coliiformes
 Small sized.
 Passerine like.
 First and fourth toes reversible.
 Tail very long.
Example: Colius
CN: White-backed Mouse Bird
LN: gvDm evW©

36. Ortder(25): Trogoniformes
 Beak short and stout.
 Feet small.
 Tropical birds.
 Bristles at base of beak.
Example: Harpactes
CN: Red - headed Trogon
LN: ‡UªvMb

37. Order(26): Coraciiformes
 Third and fourth toes fused at base.
 Beak strong.
 Mostly tropical birds
 Sharp claws are present in feet.
Example: Halcyon, Alcedo
CN: White- throated Kingfisher, Common Kingfisher
LN: mv`veyK gvQivOv,†`kxgvQivOv

38. Order(27): Piciformes
 Tail feathers stiff with pointed tips.
 Beak, snout owl like.
 Tongue roughened or with barbs
near tip.
 Toes 2 in front and 2 in behind.
Example: Megalaima, Dendrocopos
CN: Copper Smith Bertbet,
Fulvous Breasted Woodpecker
LN: ‡QvU emšÍevDwi, Rvi` KvV‡VvKiv

39. Order(28): Passeriformes
 Perching birds.
 Toes 3 in front and 1 in behind.
 Wingwith 9 or 10 primaries.
 Beaks are adapted for cutting.
Example: Passer domesticus,
Corvus macrorhynchos
CN: House Sparrow, Large-
billed Crow
LN: Po–B, `vuoKvK

40. Reference

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